Étude sur le droit d'auteur en formation à distance en français au Canada

"Ce projet a été rendu possible grâce à un financement du Ministère du Patrimoine canadien"Comprend des références bibliographiques : pages 74-78

Strategic community : an approach for developing interorganizational collaboration

This research is a continuation of the initial pilot project (2007-2009) that was conducted with institutions and organizations providing cancer care. The research team wanted to determine whether the approach could be transferred to a different type of care: that of mental health. The mental health Strategic Community project made it possible to define the prerequisite conditions for the success of such an undertaking: a significant commitment by the general managers (one meeting per month), the participation of assistant directors associated with the general managers of each institution, the spearheading of a Strategic Community by a credible and experienced person who values this approach, concrete support for the pilot projects from an advisor-facilitator recruited by the general managers, the forming of an influential and active interinstitutional support group, and the contribution of independent expertise to steer the thought processes

Les Pratiques et défis de l'évaluation en ligne

Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 17 fév. 2012). URL externe corrigée le 16 mars 2017.Document préparé pour le Réseau d'enseignement francophone à distance du CanadaCe projet a été rendu possible grâce à un financement du Ministère du Patrimoine canadie

La communauté stratégique : une approche pour développer la collaboration interorganisationnelle

Cette recherche s’inscrit dans la continuité d’une première expérience (2007-2009) menée avec les établissements et organismes offrant des soins et services aux personnes vivant avec un cancer. L’équipe de recherche souhaitait vérifier la transférabilité de l’approche auprès d’une autre clientèle, en santé mentale. L’expérience de la CS en santé mentale a permis de préciser les conditions favorables à une telle démarche : un engagement significatif des DG (une rencontre par mois), l’implication de directrices déléguées associées au DG de chaque établissement,l’animation de la CS par une personne crédible et expérimentée qui valorise l’approche de la CS, le soutien concret aux expérimentations par une conseillère-facilitatrice embauchée par les DG, la constitution d’un groupe de soutien interétablissements influent et actif, l’apport d’une expertise indépendante pour orienter la réflexion

Guide de mise en place d’une communauté stratégique pour améliorer la collaboration et l’organisation du travail interétablissements

Si vous êtes directeur des ressources humaines, spécialiste en développement organisationnel, cadre supérieur ou professionnel au sein de votre établissement et que vous avez pour mandat d’améliorer le fonctionnement interétablissements de votre organisation avec vos partenaires, ce guide est pour vous. Il a été réalisé au terme d’un projet de recherche‐action de quatre ans sur l’utilisation de la communauté stratégique (CS) comme approche de transformation de l’organisation du travail interétablissements dans le continuum de soins en oncologie et en soins palliatifs et le continuum de soins en santé mentale en Estrie. Le CHUS, le CSSS‐IUGS, le CSSS du Granit, le CSSS de la MRC‐de‐Coaticook et la Chaire d’étude en organisation du travail (CÉOT) de la Faculté d’administration de l’Université de Sherbrooke ont créé un partenariat qui a permis la réalisation de ce projet

Impact of cell source on human cornea reconstructed by tissue engineering

Purpose: To investigate the effect of the tissue origin of stromal fibroblasts and epithelial cells on reconstructed corneas in vitro. Methods: Four types of constructs were produced by the self-assembly approach using the following combinations of human cells: corneal fibroblasts/corneal epithelial cells, corneal fibroblasts/skin epithelial cells, skin fibroblasts/corneal epithelial cells, skin fibroblasts/skin epithelial cells. Fibroblasts were cultured with ascorbic acid to produce stromal sheets on which epithelial cells were cultured. After 2 weeks at the air-liquid interface, the reconstructed tissues were photographed, absorption spectra were measured, and tissues were fixed for histologic analysis. Cytokine expression in corneal- or skin-fibroblast-conditioned media was determined with the use of protein array membranes. The effect of culturing reconstructed tissues with conditioned media, or media supplemented with a cytokine secreted mainly by corneal fibroblasts, was determined. Results: The tissue source from which epithelial and mesenchymal cells were isolated had a great impact on the macroscopic and histologic features (epithelium thickness and differentiation) and the functional properties (transparency) of the reconstructed tissues. The reconstructed cornea had ultraviolet-absorption characteristics resembling those of native human cornea. The regulation of epithelial differentiation and thickness was mesenchyme-dependent and mediated by diffusible factors. IL-6, which is secreted in greater amounts by corneal fibroblasts than skin fibroblasts, decreased the expression of the differentiation marker DLK in the reconstructed epidermis. Conclusions: The tissue origin of fibroblasts and epithelial cells plays a significant role in the properties of the reconstructed tissues. These human models are promising tools for gaining a thorough understanding of epithelial-stromal interactions and regulation of epithelia homeostasis

Reconstruction of a human cornea by the self-assembly approach of tissue engineering using the three native cell types

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to produce and characterize human tissue-engineered corneas reconstructed using all three corneal cell types (epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cells) by the self-assembly approach. Methods: Fibroblasts cultured in medium containing serum and ascorbic acid secreted their own extracellular matrix and formed sheets that were superposed to reconstruct a stromal tissue. Endothelial and epithelial cells were seeded on each side of the reconstructed stroma. After culturing at the air-liquid interface, the engineered corneas were fixed for histology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Immunofluorescence labeling of epithelial keratins, basement membrane components, Na+/K+-ATPase α1, and collagen type I was also performed. Results: Epithelial and endothelial cells adhered to the reconstructed stroma. After 10 days at the air-liquid interface, the corneal epithelial cells stratified (4 to 5 cell layers) and differentiated into well defined basal and wing cells that also expressed Na+/K+-ATPase α1 protein, keratin 3/12, and basic keratins. Basal epithelial cells from the reconstructed epithelium formed many hemidesmosomes and secreted a well defined basement membrane rich in laminin V and collagen VII. Endothelial cells formed a monolayer of tightly-packed cells and also expressed the function related protein Na+/K +-ATPase α1. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the feasibility of producing a complete tissue-engineered human cornea, similar to native corneas, using untransformed fibroblasts, epithelial and endothelial cells, without the need for exogenous biomaterial

Tissue Engineering of Feline Corneal Endothelium Using a Devitalized Human Cornea as Carrier

The difficulties in obtaining good quality tissue for the replacement of corneas of patients suffering from endothelial dysfunctions have prompted us to evaluate the feasibility of producing a tissue-engineered (TE) corneal endothelium using devitalized human stromal carriers. Thus, corneal substitutes were produced by seeding cultured feline corneal endothelial cells on top of previously frozen human corneal stromas. After two weeks of culture to allow attachment and spreading of the seeded cells, the TE corneal endothelium was stained with alizarin red for endothelial cell count and fixed for histology, immunofluorescence labeling, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Histology and Hoechst staining showed that there were no remaining cells in the devitalized stroma. After seeding, histology and transmission electron microscopy showed that the TE corneal endothelium formed a monolayer of tightly packed cells that were well adhered to Descemet’s membrane. Scanning electron microscopy corroborated that the cells covered the entire posterior corneal surface and had an endothelial morphology. Alizarin staining showed that mean cell counts were 2272 ± 344 cells=mm2 , indicating that the cell density was appropriate for grafting. The TE feline corneal endothelium also expressed the function-related proteins Na+ =HCO3 , ZO-1, and Na+ =K+ -ATPase a1, and could easily be marked with a fluorescent tracker. This study demonstrates the feasibility of reconstructing a highly cellular and healthy corneal endothelium on devitalized human corneal stromas

Transplantation of a tissue-engineered corneal endothelium reconstructed on a devitalized carrier in the feline model

purpose. To evaluate the functional outcome of tissue-engineered corneal endothelium reconstructed on a devitalized carrier and transplanted in the living feline model. methods. Eighteen healthy adult cats underwent full-thickness corneal transplantation. In 11 animals, the donor cornea was reconstructed from cultured allogeneic feline corneal endothelial cells seeded on the denuded Descemet’s membrane of a devitalized human cornea. The reconstructed corneal endothelium was cultured for 2 weeks before transplantation. Five control animals received autologous (n = 1), allogeneic (n = 3), or human xenogeneic (n = 1) native cornea. Two other control animals were grafted with the devitalized carrier only (no cells). Animals were observed daily by slit lamp until euthanatization on day 7. Postmortem analysis included optical coherence tomography (OCT), alizarin red staining, histology, fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). results. Nine of the 11 reconstructed corneal endothelial grafts and all five native (autologous, allogeneic, xenogeneic) control grafts were clear and thin 7 days after grafting. In contrast, the two control grafts consisting of the carrier only (without endothelium) remained thick and opaque. Alizarin red staining, histology, SEM, and TEM showed that the transplanted reconstructed endothelium maintained a normal morphology and ultrastructure and expressed the function-related proteins Na+/K+-ATPase α1, Na+/HCO3, and ZO-1. conclusions. This study provides evidence for the short-term (7-day) anatomic and functional success of corneal transplantation with a tissue-engineered corneal endothelium reconstructed on a devitalized carrier

Human Organ-Specific 3D Cancer Models Produced by the Stromal Self-Assembly Method of Tissue Engineering for the Study of Solid Tumors

Cancer research has considerably progressed with the improvement of in vitro study models, helping to understand the key role of the tumor microenvironment in cancer development and progression. Over the last few years, complex 3D human cell culture systems have gained much popularity over in vivo models, as they accurately mimic the tumor microenvironment and allow high-throughput drug screening. Of particular interest, in vitrohuman 3D tissue constructs, produced by the self-assembly method of tissue engineering, have been successfully used to model the tumor microenvironment and now represent a very promising approach to further develop diverse cancer models. In this review, we describe the importance of the tumor microenvironment and present the existing in vitro cancer models generated through the self-assembly method of tissue engineering. Lastly, we highlight the relevance of this approach to mimic various and complex tumors, including basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous neurofibroma, skin melanoma, bladder cancer, and uveal melanoma