転写現象の方程式

The ratio of some gene-transcripts in the thymus of mouse had a maximum with aging. A second order differential equation, x + 2 ak+ bx = bD , could be used to analyze such measurements. This equation resembled one used in a damped harmonic oscillator, then, it was supposed that the quantities of transcripts increased and decreased repeatedly in time-course under the influence of some factors. The general solution of abovementioned differential equation took the form x = Ce^-a1 cos( √t + β)+ D in the case of b —a ＾2＞0 or x - Ae^-(a+√)t + B e^-(a-√)t + D in b — a^ 2 ＜ 0. The ratios of interleukin2(IL2),4(IL4), T cell receptor fl-chain(TCRβ), immunoglobulin E(IgE) and M(IgM)-transcripts were measured in the thymus of mice by realtime PCR. LogIL4/TCRβ and logIgE/IgM increased rapidly from birth to about 50 days and then decreased, namely had maximums. Otherwise, logIL2/ TCRβ increased slightly after birth and remained constantly. The calculated values by the equation using adequate parameters were in fair agreement with those measure

英語教育の中に捉え直される文法 : 英語力を測定するための文法項目に関する研究

This is a three-year research project (2004-2006) that aims to develop a diagnostic and/or evaluation test of Toyo Eiwa freshman students\u27 English proficiency for the purpose of placement and formulating teaching goals. The interim report consists of 3 parts. The first part is an analysis of TOEIC-IP and G-TELP Level 4 results. A correlation between quality of grammatical knowledge and high scores, and a stronger correlation between grammar and reading scores than that between grammar and listening scores were found. Another analysis of the preliminary grammar tests administered during the classtime indicates that students with low scores have not learned properly how forms of the words and their grammatical functions work to make a complete sentence. In general, the students\u27 grammatical errors can be ascribed to their insufficient understanding of parts of speech which act as main elements of the five basic sentence patterns, especially regarding their morphological distinctions. In Part II, the results of an experimental diagnostic and/or evaluation test reconfirm (1) that the level of students\u27 English proficiency shows some distinctive aspects of interlanguage with possible future improvements, (2) that a grammar-centered paper test has some problems to overcome concerning its reliability, mainly because it is not done in the natural speech environment, (3) that it requires more improvements for a test based upon students\u27 need analysis, and further development of a verification system for washback effects in the students\u27 English learning motivation, and (4) that the first step to have the most fundamental English language ability is to understand the five basic sentence patterns by identifying, syntactically and morphologically, the parts of speech in a sentence. Finally, Part III is an argument that the English competence of university students should be built based on their firm acquisition of fundamental grammar, and reinforced by a deeper understanding of the English language system and culture, not to mention, English literature

文法を中心とした英語力測定法と大学英語再教育 : 英語基礎力向上を目指して

This is the final report of a three-year research project (2004-2006) that aimed to develop a diagnostic and evaluation test of Toyo Eiwa freshman students\u27 English proficiency for the purpose of placement and formulating teaching goals. It follows the two reports: "Reconsideration of Grammar in English Teaching: A Research on the Grammatical Items to Test the Students\u27 English Proficiency" Ronshu (2007) and English Education Workshop (2007). Analyses of the results of the second experimental diagnostic and evaluation test (Test β ) suggest that (1) a more complete knowledge of grammar be needed to fill gaps in students\u27 general understanding of English and also to improve students\u27 communicative competence in English, that (2) a grammar-centered proficiency test should vary for placement and teaching, that (3) there are some grammatical items that can effectively indicate where a learner stands in their understanding of English syntax, and the application of recent, emerging linguistic theory, which encourages students to participate in more classroom activities, should work well in the teaching of English grammar at the university level, and that (4) a deficient knowledge of basic English sentence patterns can obstruct effective English learning, and it is recommended to acquire essential knowledge of English grammar and vocabulary in pattern practice activities. To sum up, to conduct a grammar-centered diagnostic and evaluation test of English is not only the beginning of remedial English education but is also that of an active learning classroom approach toward full English proficiency at the university level

Study protocol for a multi-center, randomized controlled trial to develop Japanese denture adhesive guidelines for patients with complete dentures : the Denture Adhesive Guideline trial : study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Denture adhesives, characterized as medical products in 1935 by the American Dental Association, have been considered useful adjuncts for improving denture retention and stability. However, many dentists in Japan are hesitant to acknowledge denture adhesives in daily practice because of the stereotype that dentures should be inherently stable, without the aid of adhesives. The aim of this study is to verify the efficacy of denture adhesives to establish guidelines for Japanese users. The null hypothesis is that the application of denture adhesives, including the cream and powder types, or a control (isotonic sodium chloride solution) would not produce different outcomes nor would they differentially improve the set outcomes between baseline and day 4 post-application. Methods: This ten-center, randomized controlled trial with parallel groups is ongoing. Three hundred edentulous patients with complete dentures will be allocated to three groups (cream-type adhesive, powder-type adhesive, and control groups). The participants will wear their dentures with the denture adhesive for 4 days, including during eight meals (three breakfasts, two lunches, and three dinners). The baseline measurements and final measurements for the denture adhesives will be performed on the first day and after breakfast on the fourth day. The primary outcome is a general satisfaction rating for the denture. The secondary outcomes are denture satisfaction ratings for various denture functions, occlusal bite force, resistance to dislodgement, masticatory performance, perceived chewing ability, and oral health-related quality of life. Between-subjects comparisons among the three groups and within-subjects comparisons of the pre- and post-intervention measurements will be performed. Furthermore, a multiple regression analysis will be performed. The main analyses will be based on the intention-to-treat principle. A sample size of 100 subjects per group, including an assumed dropout rate of 10 %, will be required to achieve 80 % power with a 5 % alpha level. Discussion: This randomized clinical trial will provide information about denture adhesives to complete denture wearers, prosthodontic educators, and dentists in Japan. We believe this new evidence on denture adhesive use from Japan will aid dentists in their daily practice even in other countries

タンキ ダイガク ニ オケル 2ネンセイ カテイ ツウシンセイ ノ キョウイク ノ イギ ト カダイ

平成16年3月に看護学校養成所指定規則が改正し、2年課程(通信制)の教育課程が提示され、翌17年に本学看護学科に通信制課程が開設された。平成19年には全国で20校となったが、本学はその中で唯一短期大学としての教育機関である。そこで、第1期生の卒業時の質問紙調査の結果を踏まえ、あらためて短期大学における2年課程(通信制)の教育の意義と課題について明らかにした。調査結果から、第1期生が2年間の通信教育で、看護学を新しく学び、看護の専門性の理解とともに看護観を大きく変化させ、自信や誇りを持って看護実践に臨んでいることが明らかになった。また、卒業後の進路に活路を見いだし、学びの継続を考えている。この制度の目的である「質の高い看護を提供できる看護実践者として、施設や地域で活躍できる人材の育成」や、短期大学として社会人を対象とする教育の使命としてのリカレント教育や生涯教育としての役割を果たすことに本学の意義があると考える。In March 2004, with the revision of the specific rules and regulation concerning nursing training school, a two-year correspondence course was set up, and in the following year a correspondence course was established in our school\u27s nursing curriculum. As of the year 2007, throughout the country there are twenty schools that have established this course and, among them, our school is the only junior college. On the basis of studying questionnaires filled out at the time of the graduation by those students who took the course for the first time, what we have clarified here are the educational significance and agenda in a two-year nursing correspondence course. It has become clear that, through the two-year correspondence education, these students have studied nursing anew and, with an understanding of the professionalism involved in nursing and great transformation in their sense of nursing, are endeavoring to practice nursing with confidence and pride. They also seek a path for their life in making progress after graduation and are thinking about continuing their education. We believe the purpose of our school to be "the training of human beings who can provide high-quality nursing as nursing practitioners and can flourish institutionally and regionally" and fulfilling the function of recurrent and lifetime education as part of a junior-college mission to target members of our society

タンキ ダイガク ツウシンセイ カテイ ２ネンセイ ノ ガクセイ ガ シュウギョウ スル シセツ ニ オケル ヒヤリ ハット タイケン ノ ジッタイ チョウサ

目的:本学通信制課程の学生が就業する施設で体験するヒヤリ・ハット事例を全国300床以上の病院と比較し特徴を明らかにし、事故報告のしくみや意識についての実態を知る。方法:対象は1年次生188名。2013年質問紙調査を実施。調査内容は背景、事故報告のしくみ、意識、ヒヤリ・ハット体験で、印象的な体験や気持ちは自由記載とした。結果:回収率52%。就業する施設は200床以下の病院、施設が約7割を占めた。ヒヤリ・ハット体験は「療養上の世話」で、熱傷・暴力・誤嚥・入浴・離院、「観察情報」が高率で、自由記載からは注射・与薬・転倒転落が上位を占めた。事故報告の仕組みは約90%が保有し、意識では約30%が報告に消極的であった。結論:学生が就業する施設でのヒヤリ・ハット体験の特徴は、療養上の世話と医師、患者・家族に関する項目が全国調査より高い比率を占めた。事故報告のしくみは有るものの運用実態や事故報告の意識の解明は今後の課題である。Objective: To reveal characteristics and perception of near-miss errors and its reporting system of hospitals where the students are employed, comparing with a national data of larger scale hospitals over 300 beds.Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted in 2013 on 188 first-year working students in a correspondence course. Main question items were consisted of the background information, experience, perception, and the system of reporting near-miss errors. Significant events were asked in the form of an open question. Results: The response rate was 52%. Around 70% of the hospitals had less than 200 beds. There was an increase of the near-miss errors of burns, violence, aspirations, bathing, leaving hospitals, and observation on patient care. Also, increased cases at injection, medication, and falls were observed in open questions. Ninety percent of the facilities had a system of reporting near-miss cases but 30% of nurses were passive about the reporting. Conclusion:Features of near-miss errors at targeted hospitals were revealed as there were increased cases at patient care, and items related to doctors, patients or their families. Although most facilities have the system of incident report, analysis of the perception on near-miss errors and actual implementation of the system is further needed

The 3rd DBCLS BioHackathon: improving life science data integration with Semantic Web technologies.

BACKGROUND: BioHackathon 2010 was the third in a series of meetings hosted by the Database Center for Life Sciences (DBCLS) in Tokyo, Japan. The overall goal of the BioHackathon series is to improve the quality and accessibility of life science research data on the Web by bringing together representatives from public databases, analytical tool providers, and cyber-infrastructure researchers to jointly tackle important challenges in the area of in silico biological research. RESULTS: The theme of BioHackathon 2010 was the 'Semantic Web', and all attendees gathered with the shared goal of producing Semantic Web data from their respective resources, and/or consuming or interacting those data using their tools and interfaces. We discussed on topics including guidelines for designing semantic data and interoperability of resources. We consequently developed tools and clients for analysis and visualization. CONCLUSION: We provide a meeting report from BioHackathon 2010, in which we describe the discussions, decisions, and breakthroughs made as we moved towards compliance with Semantic Web technologies - from source provider, through middleware, to the end-consumer.RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are

ホンガク ニ オケル カンゴ ギジュツ キョウイク ノ カンガエカタ ト ジッサイ : キホン ドウサ ブンセキ ニ ヨル キョウイク ナイヨウ ノ セイセン ト キョウイク ホウホウ ノ クフウ

We think that the technical education of nursing is thought to be connected with raising the ability which can be expressed as an integrative nursing act in the practice by making it learn the contents which become the kernel securely. Because of this, we analyze the movement to construct basic nursing technology and extracted the movement not to do that it lacks it in construction of the technology. Furthermore we guess a focus in this learning of "the basic movement" and devised the way of bringing it up which made it learn that effectively