Visionen von Britannien: Feen, Krieg und außerirdische Sphären

Estella Canziani’s fairy painting, “Where the Little Things of the Woodland Live Unseen” (1914) was informed by her fascination with the landscape and folklore. This paper explores the relationship between the sociocultural and psychological condition of English society during WWI and the enthusiastic reception of reproductions of Canziani’s painting. Her picture is analysed in relation to the revived popularity of J.M. Barrie’s protagonist Peter Pan and the proliferation of recruitment propaganda that inundated the British public during WWI. Canziani’s image located as a site across which viewers enacted self-interpretive, interrogative relationships between self/environment and reality/the imaginary is also positioned as key for a culture that fabricated a contemporary, mythologically based, omnipotent champion to personify English notions of the heroic soldier. In addition, the androgynous appearance of Canziani’s piper disrupts socially constituted positions of gender difference in English society that, with the onset of WWI, challenged and distorted gendered boundaries.Vilinska slika britanske umjetnice “Where the Little Things of the Woodland Live Unseen” [Gdje malena šumska stvorenja žive neviđeno] iz 1914. godine nastala je pod utjecajem slikaričine fascinacije duhovnošću, folklorom i krajolikom. Ovaj rad istražuje veze između sociokulturnih i psiholoških preokupacija britanskoga društva za vrijeme Velikoga rata (1914. – 1918.) te entuzijastičnoga prijema navedene vilinske slike. Slika se analizira u kontekstu pojačane popularnosti Barriejeva junaka Petra Pana i vojne propagande (posebno novačenja) koja je preplavila britansku javnost tijekom Prvoga svjetskoga rata. Shvaćena kao prostor u kojem gledatelji mogu uprizoriti autointerpretativne, propitkivanju podložne poveznice između sebe i okoline, stvarnosti i mašte, vilinska slika Estelle Canziani shvaća se i kao ključ za razumijevanje kulture koja je stvorila suvremenoga svemoćnoga junaka, utemeljenoga u mitologiji, da bi utjelovio englesko poimanje junačkoga vojnika. Osim toga, androgina pojava frulaša na analiziranoj slici remeti društveno konstituirane rodne razlike u engleskom društvu, koje je, početkom Prvoga svjetskoga rata, dovelo u pitanje rodno određene granice.Der Ursprung des Feenbildes der britischen Künstlerin Estella Canziani “Where the Little Things of the Woodland Live Unseen” [Wo kleine Waldwesen unsichtbar leben] aus dem Jahre 1914 liegt in der Faszination der Autorin für die Folklore und das Landschaftsbild. Im Beitrag werden die Zusammenhänge zwischen den die britische Gesellschaft während des Ersten Weltkrieges prägenden soziokulturellen und psychologischen Voraussetzungen und der enthusiastischen Aufnahme des vorher genannten Bildes erforscht. Das Bild wird im Rahmen der wachsenden Popularität von Barries Peter-Pan-Gestalt und der immer größeren Profilierung der Militärpropaganda − insbesondere in Bezug auf die Rekrutierung von neuen Soldaten − analysiert, welche die britische Öffentlichkeit im Ersten Weltkrieg überschwemmt hat. Canzianis Feenbild kann nicht nur als Raum verstanden werden, worin dessen Betrachter selbstdeutende und hinterfragende Beziehungen zwischen sich selbst und der Umgebung sowie zwischen der Wirklichkeit und der Einbildungskraft, inszenieren konnten, sondern auch als Schlüssel für das Verständnis der Kultur, in welcher der zeitgenössische, in der Mythologie begründete allmächtige Held als Verkörperung des Heldenmuts des englischen Soldaten fungiert. Darüber hinaus hat die androgyne Erscheinung von Canzianis Pfeifer auf die sozial konstruierten Geschlechterunterschiede in der englischen Gesellschaft, die zu Beginn des Ersten Weltkrieges diese Unterschiede in Frage stellte, eine zersetzende Wirkung ausgeübt

The urban and regional segregation of indigenous Australians: Out of sight, out of mind?

Contrary to popular belief, the majority of Indigenous Australians live in cities and towns rather than remote areas of the country, yet remain segregated and \u27invisible\u27 from the daily lives of non-Indigenous Australians. In 2006, the Australian Indigenous population surpassed half a million. Yet while public and political discourse invariably concentrate on remote Australia, geographically, more than 75% of the Indigenous population is regional or urban and some 31% of Indigenous Australians live in the major cities

The moral and sentimental work of the clinic: the case of genetic syndromes

This paper reports on the genetics clinic and examines the wider functions it provides for parents who have a child with learning disabilities that may be associated with an underlying genetic cause. It derives from an ethnographic study of one clinical genetics team within a UK clinical genetics service and their clinical caseload, specifically their cases of genetic syndromes associated with dysmorphology, a speciality within clinical genetics. Dysmorphology is the medical study of abnormal forms in the human and is concerned with the identification and classification of a variety of congenital malformations. Our analysis of the clinical consultations and subsequent interviews with parents indicate that obtaining a genetic diagnosis and classification of their child’s problems was not the sole function of these consultations. In addition, the clinic provides parents with moral absolution from having ‘caused’ their child’s problems and is an important site for the sentimental and celebratory focus on the child. Thus, the role of the clinical genetics service is not merely to assemble a diagnosis from the available information and to provide a source of expert opinion on the causes of the condition, but to provide reassurance to parents who might otherwise blame themselves (or be blamed by others) for their child’s condition. An important aspect of these consultations was the sentimental work of repairing the child, providing a sphere in which the development and behaviour of the child is discussed in favourable terms, and given assurances of ‘normal’ parenting and family life, often in marked contrast to their experience in the wider public world. Thus, the work of establishing diagnostic categories also allows important moral and sentimental work to be accomplished within the clinic

Kinscapes, timescapes and genescapes: families living with genetic risk

This article synthesises recent research examining how families live with genetic risk and the processes of genetic decision-making and disclosure among family members who have been or are at risk of transmitting a familial genetic condition. Its aim is to generate substantive theory that can inform our understanding of the interactional processes at work in the distribution of mutual knowledge and awareness of genetic risk in families. The article is structured around three interrelated concepts. Kinscape refers to the constellation of relations and relatedness that are recognised practically; timescape to the multiple temporal frames of social relations and their transformation and genescape to the constellation of knowledge, belief and practice surrounding genetic inheritance. All three concepts are simultaneously natural and cultural. Their intersections create the conditions of kinship and genetics

Collaboration and modelling – tools for integration in the Motueka catchment, New Zealand

A conceptual model of integrated catchment management (ICM) is presented in which ICM is defined as a process to achieve both ecosystem resilience and community resilience. It requires not only biophysical knowledge developed by hydrologists and other environmental scientists, but an active partnership with catchment communities and stakeholders to break the ‘paradigm lock’ described by the UNESCO-HELP programme.This paper reports observations from ICM research in the Motueka HELP demonstration basin in the upper South Island of New Zealand. The Motueka occupies 2 170 km2 of land yet the river effects are felt on the seabed more than 50 km2 offshore, so the true ‘catchment’ is larger. A hydrologically temperate mountainous catchment with horticultural, agricultural, plantation forestry and conservation land uses, the Motueka also hosts an internationally recognised brown trout fishery. Land and water management issues driving ICM research include water allocation conflicts between instream and irrigation water uses, impacts on water quality of runoff from intensifying land uses, catchment impacts on coastal productivity and aquaculture, and how to manage catchment processes in an integrated way that addresses cumulative effects of development.Collaboration with catchment stakeholders can be viewed as having two primary purposes:• Building knowledge and commitment of resource users towards sustainable resource management (collaborative learning)• Stakeholder involvement in resource management itself (governance).Examples are presented of a Collaborative Learning Group on Sediment learning of their differing perspectives on fine sediment impacts, and a Catchment Landcare Group working with scientists to improve water quality in their river. Success factors for water user committees making decisions about water resource management include creating opportunities to communicate and build trust, share scientific knowledge on the issue, and willingness to compromise. Functioning catchment groups have potential to take on delegated governance responsibility for meeting agreed water quality and other community goals.Finally a scenario modelling framework IDEAS (Integrated Dynamic Environmental Assessment System) is presented, in which environmental indicators such as nutrient fluxes are simulated alongside socio-economic indicators such as job numbers and catchment GDP for a range of land and marine use options.Keywords: integrated catchment management (ICM), resilience, HELP, UNESCO, water governance, Landcare, scenario modelling, collaborative learning, water allocation, water user committees, catchment groups, watershed managemen

Glucocorticoid-related changes in body mass index among children and adolescents with rheumatic diseases

Objective To examine the temporal and dose-related effects of glucocorticoids (GCs) on body mass index (BMI) in children with rheumatic diseases. Methods Children initiating GCs for a rheumatic disease (n = 130) were assessed every 3 months for 18 months. BMI, weight, and height Z score trajectories were described according to GC starting dosage in prednisone equivalents: high (≥1.0 mg/kg/day), low (\u3c0.2 mg/kg/day to a maximum of 7.5 mg/day), and moderate (between high and low) dosage. The impact of GC dosing, underlying diagnosis, pubertal status, physical activity, and disease activity on BMI Z scores and on percent body fat was assessed with longitudinal mixed-effects growth curve models. Results The GC starting dose was high in 59% and moderate in 39% of patients. The peak BMI Z score was +1.29 at 4 months with high-dose GCs and +0.69 at 4.2 months with moderate-dose GCs (P \u3c 0.001). Overall, 50% (95% confidence interval 41-59%) of the children returned to within +0.25 SD of their baseline BMI Z score. Oral GC dose over the preceding 3 months was the most significant determinant of BMI Z score and percent body fat. The proportion of days in receipt of GCs, disease activity, and a diagnosis of systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis were also associated with BMI Z scores. The correlation between changes in BMI and changes in percent body fat was 0.09. Conclusion In children with rheumatic diseases starting moderate and high doses of GCs, BMI Z scores peaked at 4 months, and only half returned to within +0.25 SD of their baseline BMI Z score after 18 months. Copyright © 2013 by the American College of Rheumatology

Incident vertebral fractures among children with rheumatic disorders 12 months after glucocorticoid initiation: A national observational study

Objective. To determine the frequency of incident vertebral fractures (IVF) 12 months after glucocorticoid (GC) initiation in children with rheumatic diseases and to identify children at higher risk. Methods. Children with rheumatic diseases initiating GC were enrolled in a prospective observational study. Annual spine radiographs were evaluated using the Genant semiquantitative method. Spine areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was measured every 6 months. Clinical features, including cumulative GC dose, back pain, disease and physical activity, calcium and vitamin D intake, and spine aBMD Z scores, were analyzed for association with IVF. Results. Seven (6%) of 118 children (95% confidence interval 2.9-11.7%) had IVF. Their diagnoses were: juvenile dermatomyositis (n = 2), systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 3), systemic vasculitis (n = 1), and mixed connective tissue disease (n = 1). One child was omitted from the analyses after 4 months because of osteoporosis treatment for symptomatic IVF. Children with IVF received on average 50% more GC than those without (P = 0.030), had a greater increase in body mass index (BMI) at 6 months (P = 0.010), and had greater decrements in spine aBMD Z scores in the first 6 months (P = 0.048). Four (67%) of 6 children with IVF and data to 12 months had spine aBMD Z scores less than-2.0 at 12 months compared to 16% of children without IVF (P = 0.011). Conclusion. The incidence of VF 12 months following GC initiation was 6%; most children were asymptomatic. Children with IVF received more GC, had greater increases in BMI, and had greater declines in spine aBMD Z scores in the first 6 months. © 2012, American College of Rheumatology