Development of Elliptic and Hyperbolic Grid Generation

It has been found that partial differential equations (PDE's) could be used to efficiently generate high quality structured grids. The grid discretizes the physical domain to computational domain, typically an array data structure in Fortran. This study concentrates on elliptic and hyperbolic methods for structured grid generation. The elliptic method uses the Laplace equations to transfonn the physical domain to computational domain and finite difference to generate the grids. Whereas, the hyperbolic method uses orthogonal relations to solve the PDE's, a marching scheme to create the grids and then cubic spline interpolations to smoothen grid lines at the boundaries. C-type and O-type elliptic and hyperbolic grids have been generated for an airfoil and smooth boundary conditions were obtained in the elliptic method but not by the hyperbolic method

Feasibility Study of Concave Wing Design for Subsonic Aircraft (NACA 2412)

In this current world of technology, airfoil has been produced in many different shapes in terms of root size, tip size, existence of winglet and different thickness. Above all other criteria to create the best airfoil, the aerodynamics of the airfoil is the most significant aspect that need to be considered when modelling an airfoil. Using wing morphing concept, tendency of wing to bend at a certain height of deflection due to increase of lift force. Using SolidWorks, the wing can be modelled and run flow simulation to determine the optimum height of deflection. In this study, 0.2 metre deflection shows the highest lift coefficient and lift drag ratio compared to other height of deflection. The maximum value of Cl obtained is 1.517, while for Cl/Cd is 37.70

Heat distribution on abdominal aorta having aneurysm during hyperthermia therapeutic

Hyperthermia therapy is an induce heat treatment to the tumour temperature elevated with temperature 40 ̊C - 43 ̊C to cure the cancerous tissues. Hyperthermia therapy use an outer heat source to rise the temperature of the tumour to 40 ̊C -43°C for a certain period. On the other hand, abdominal aortic aneurysm is an enlargement area of an abdominal aorta. Over time, blood flow can cause the weak area to bulge like a balloon. An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) occurs in the abdominal section of the aorta. Nowadays, the common treatment for AAA are open surgery and endovascular aortic repair (EVAR). There are two treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysm nowadays, the potential of risk is high to cause death and post procedural complications. However, an alternative way to replace the open surgery and endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) was found, it called a non-invasive method. Hyperthermia therapy with outer heat source is an alternative idea for treatment AAA. In this study, a heat source with 4 different temperature was used to rise the temperature of the AAA area and two difference physiological condition was applied in the abdominal aorta. The 4-difference temperature of heat source are 50 ̊C, 55 ̊C, 60 ̊C, 65°C and the two physiological condition are normal blood pressure (85mmHg) and high blood pressure (140mmHg). In this pilot study was focus on temperature distribution at the abdominal aorta wall. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) used in this study to simulate the heat distribution on the abdominal aorta wall. CFD software used in this study is ANSYS version R19.2. In this study, the result shows that the heat source at temperature 50 ̊C - 60°C, the normal abdominal aorta wall and abdominal aorta having aneurysm wall temperature reach 39 ̊C - 44°C in NBP and HBP condition respectively

Determine physical properties of an organic citric acid (processed lime juice) dissolve with water using experimental apparatus

This paper describes experimental studies on the physical properties of processed lime juice to dissolve with water. Lime juice as known as organic citric acid have many advantages in our life especially in food industries, pharmaceutical industries, anticancer and antioxidant and cleaning agent. Physical properties of liquid include pH, viscosity, density, molar mass and surface tension. This Study conducted using common laboratory apparatus such as Pycnometer, the pH device (HI 9811 pH), Viscolite700 etc. The additional organic citric acid by percentage in water was changed the physical properties of liquids. The future strategy of this research is to introduce organic lime juice mixed with water in spray system as cleaning agent, reduce air pollution and reduce water consumption for Commercial Restaurant Equipment

Study the velocity and pressure exerted in front of the filter surface in the kitchen hood system by using ANSYS

Commercial kitchen hood ventilation system is a device used to capture and filtered the plumes from cooking activities in the kitchen area. Nowadays, it is very popular in the industrial sector such as restaurant and hotel to provide hygiene food. This study focused at the KSA filter part which installed in the kitchen hood system, the purpose of this study is to identify the critical region which indicated by observing the velocity and pressure of plumes exerted at of KSA filter. It is important to know the critical location of the KSA filter in order to install the nozzle which will helps increase the filtration effectiveness. The ANSYS 16.1 (FLUENT) software as a tool used to simulate the kitchen hood systems which consist of KSA filter. The commercial kitchen hood system model has a dimension 700 mm width, 1600 mm length and 555 mm height. The system has two inlets and one outlet. The velocity of the plumes is set to be 0.235m/s and the velocity of the inlet capture jet is set to be 1.078m/s. The KSA filter is placed 45 degree from the y axis. The result shows the plumes has more tendency flowing pass through at the bottom part of KSA filter

Characteristic study of flat spray nozzle by using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and ANSYS simulation method

Water mist sprays are used in wide range of application. However it is depend to the spray characteristic to suit the particular application. This project studies the water droplet velocity and penetration angle generated by new development mist spray with a flat spray pattern. This research conducted into two part which are experimental and simulation section. The experimental was conducted by using particle image velocimetry (PIV) method, ANSYS software was used as tools for simulation section meanwhile image J software was used to measure the penetration angle. Three different of combination pressure of air and water were tested which are 1 bar (case A), 2 bar (case B) and 3 bar (case C). The flat spray generated by the new development nozzle was examined at 9cm vertical line from 8cm of the nozzle orifice. The result provided in the detailed analysis shows that the trend of graph velocity versus distance gives the good agreement within simulation and experiment for all the pressure combination. As the water and air pressure increased from 1 bar to 2 bar, the velocity and angle penetration also increased, however for case 3 which run under 3 bar condition, the water droplet velocity generated increased but the angle penetration is decreased. All the data then validated by calculate the error between experiment and simulation. By comparing the simulation data to the experiment data for all the cases, the standard deviation for this case A, case B and case C relatively small which are 5.444, 0.8242 and 6.4023

Dust Exposure Monitoring: Abrasive Blasting Dust from Cleaning Process in Marine Industry

Abrasive blasting is one of application that widely use in marine industry. This process is expected would release dust that believe can be harmful to human health such as cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In Malaysia, Ministry of Health report that the deadliness of COPD for men in Malaysia peaks at age 80 and above. COPD start kills men at the lowest rate at age 10-14.  This study to determine the dust released from abrasive blasting in cleaning process and effect to human worker. This experiment was conducted using establish method which is NIOSH 0500 and NIOSH 0600 for exposure monitoring process. Sample from exposure monitoring process were analysis using XRD for determine the composition of dust release from abrasive blasting activity. Result from study show that level of exposure to dust release from abrasive blasting activity are exceed from the limit under Occupational Safety and Health (USECHH) Regulations 2000. Silica dioxide and other hazardous composition found under XRD testin

Lung Function Test among Abrasive Blasting Workers in Lumut, Perak

Abrasive blasting process is a common process in marine industry. This process was use as main cleaning process method and normally will release fine dust that hazardous to human health. Main effect from fine dust to human health are respiratory failure such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Lung function test can be used to detect any respiratory problems in human. The objective of the research to evaluate the effect of dust exposure from abrasive blasting to the workers. This study are conduct among workers work in dusty environment in Lumut, Perak, Malaysia. FEV1/FVC value from lung function test were evaluated to determine the severity of COPD among workers. While FEV1 prediction show restrictive pattern and use to determine any respiratory or lung problems among the workers. From the result, it does not show any COPD problem among workers. However, FEV1 show that some workers need to go for detail medical surveillance because of the result is less than 0.8. Employer and workers need to understand and know their work related risk to minimize the risk arising from their job or work conducted

Optimizing Nozzle Geometry of Dry Ice Blasting Using CFD for the Reduction of Noise Emission

Dry ice blasting has been used in the modern cleaning industry. However, the primary disadvantage of dry ice blasting is high noise exposure. At a high blasting pressure, the process reaches a harmful noise level of up to 130 dBA [5]. The situation significantly impairs to a human being when the noise emission occurs in an inaudible frequency area. Present safety measures are only based on administrative control by encapsulating the entire system with sound insulation [6]. The main objective of this project is to study the optimum nozzle configuration on the effect of dry ice blasting particle velocity and acoustic noise emission. Ranking and selection [8] method are employed in this study. Several nozzle geometry are simulated until getting the best model for selection. Three-dimension models are designed using CATIA V5. The models are simulated with Ansys Fluent V18.2. The numerical studies have been carried out using density based, standard k- e turbulence and Acoustic Broadband Noise Sources model. Six (6) different nozzle configuration namely divergent length, the angle of particle inlet, convergent diameter, expansion ratio, gas inlet diameter and length ratio are analyzed in term of particle velocity magnitude and acoustic power level. The result shows that the optimum nozzle configuration for divergent length, the angle of particle inlet, convergent diameter, expansion ratio, gas inlet diameter and length ratio are 230 mm, 30 mm, 35 mm, 1.00, 6 mm and 0.80 respectively. This configuration provides minimum acoustic noise emission and maximum particle velocity magnitude

Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Performance Analysis

The present work uses the method of Blade Element Momentum Theory as suggested by Hansen. The method applied to three blade models adopted from Rahgozar S. with the airfoil data used the data provided by Wood D. The wind turbine performance described in term of the thrust coefficient , torque coefficient  and the power coefficient  . These three coefficient can be deduced from the Momentum theory or from the Blade element Theory(BET).  The present work found the performance coefficient derived from the Momentum theory tent to over estimate. It is suggested to used the BET formulation in presenting these three coefficients. In overall the Blade Element Momentum Theory follows the step by step as described by Hansen  work well for these three blade models. However  a little adjustment on the blade data is needed. To the case of two bladed horizontal axis wind turbine, Hansen’s approach works well over if the blade radius is  the calculation should start from r = 0.1 &nbsp