Mut Yöresinde Organik Kayısı Yetiştirciliği

Bu çalışma, 2005-2007 yılları arasında Mersin ili Mut ilçesi Selamlı Köyü’nde Perecoce De Tyrinthe çeşidi ile tesis edilmiş 5 yaşındaki bir kayısı bahçesinde yürütülmüştür. Organik ve konvansiyonel uygulama yapılan kayısılarda Pomolojik analizler (meyve ağırlığı, meyve eni, meyve boyu, meyve yüksekliği, çekirdek ağırlığı, SÇKM, pH ve toplam asit) ve yaprak-toprak analizleri yapılmıştır. Bu ölçümler sonucunda çalışmanın birinci yılında (2005) pomolojik özellikler bakımından organik ve konvansiyonel uygulamalar arasında bir fark bulunmamıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci yılında (2006) yapılan istatistiksel analizler sonucunda verim, meyve etinin çekirdeğe oranı, meyve sertliği ve pH değerleri açısından %1 önem düzeyinde önemsiz bulunmuştur. Konvansiyonel yetiştiricilik, SÇKM dışında incelenen diğer kriterler açısından organik yetiştiriciliğe göre %5 önem düzeyinde önemli bulunmuştur. Verim, meyve eti/çekirdek oranı, meyve sertliği gibi parametrelerde önemli bir fark görülmemesine karşın; meyve ağırlığı, meyve eni, meyve boyu, meyve yüksekliği, çekirdek ağırlığı, toplam % asitlik, SÇKM ve pH değerleri arasındaki farklar önemli bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın üçüncü yılında (2007) ise, yapılan istatistiksel analizler sonucunda organik yetiştiricilikte meyve eni, meyve boyu, meyve yüksekliği, meyve eti/çekirdek oranı, meyve sertliği, toplam asit ve pH değerleri açısından %5 önem düzeyinde önemsiz bulunurken; konvansiyonel yetiştiricilikte verim, meyve ağırlığı, çekirdek ağırlığı ve SÇKM % 5 önem düzeyinde önemli bulunmuştur. Mut yöresindeki erkenci sofralık kayısı yetiştiriciliğinde bitki koruma çalışmaları açısından ise organik üretim yapmanın günümüz koşullarında mümkün olabileceği ortaya konmuştur

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Background: Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. // Methods: We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung's disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. // Findings: We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung's disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middle-income countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in low-income countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. // Interpretation: Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Structural and catalytic properties of Fe3O4 doped Bi2S3 novel magnetic nanocomposites: p-Nitrophenol case

Catalytic properties of Bi2S3 nanostructures, Fe3O4 nanoparticles and novel Bi2S3@Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposites were investigated. Flower-like Bi2S3 nanostructures were produced using hydrothermal synthesis. Bi2S3 nanostructures were doped with Fe3O4 nanoparticles where Bi2S3@Fe3O4 novel magnetic nanocomposites was obtained. Structural characterization of the nanoflowers were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Microscopic characterization of the nanoflowers was performed using electron microscopy where scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used in the characterization which confirms the flower like structures. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) confirmed the magnetic properties of the ferromagnetic characteristics of the magnetic nanocomposites. Optic properties of the nanoparticles were assessed using Ultraviolet - visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. Band gap energies of the Bi2S3, Fe3O4 and Bi2S3@Fe3O4 were found to be 1.80 eV, 2.0 eV and 2.72 eV, respectively. Catalytic properties of the Bi2S3@Fe3O4 nanoparticles were confirmed using UV spectroscopy where reduction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol was assessed in the presence of NaBH4. It was concluded that Bi2S3 nanostructures and Bi2S3@Fe3O4 nanocomposites showed better catalytic performance than that of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Such a case was attributed to increased surface area - volume ratio. Results indicate that nanocomposites have the potential to be used in the wastewater treatment.Scientific Project Unit of Kirklareli University [KLUBAP 179]This work was supported by Scientific Project Unit of Kirklareli University under project number: KLUBAP 179.WOS:0005755393000022-s2.0-8509044154

Metallic nanoparticles as X-Ray computed tomography (CT) contrast agents: A review

X-ray computed tomography vastly used in both medical purposes and in the research of biological and non-biological materials/samples. Some of the medical applications performed in the clinics requires special protocols where contrast agents may be needed to enhance the contrast. Iodine based contrast agents are commonly used in such applications. Iodine based contrast agents were found hazardous to the environment and some patients has iodine in tolerance due to thyroid origin diseases. Scientists from different fields try to develop contrast agents which can be an alternative to iodine based contrast agents. Metallic nanoparticles have potential to be used as CT contrast agent since metals has high X-ray attenuation and high density. Metal nanoparticles considered as toxic to the living organisms. Covering nanoparticles with organic molecule often reduce toxicity and enhance the biocompatibility. Decoration of nanoparticles with function groups give them targeting properties where special organ and/or tissue can be targeted. Up to now, different studies illustrated the importance of the multipurpose properties of the metallic nanoparticles. In this report, we assessed the metal nanoparticles reported as X-ray computed tomography contrast agent. For the first time in the literature we listed in vivo contrast enhancement, targeted drug delivery and dual/multipurpose imaging properties of each metallic nanoparticles. Therapeutic effects of metallic nanoparticles such as photothermal therapy and magnetic hyperthermia were also addressed. A chart showing relative contrast enhancement properties of the nanoparticles were produced. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.WOS:0005693830000072-s2.0-8508637879

Facile preparation of commercial Bi2O3 nanoparticle decorated activated carbon for pseudocapacitive supercapacitor applications

In this work, a facile method to prepare Bi2O3 decorated activated carbon (Bi2O3@AC) composites with high pseudocapacitive properties was presented. The inorganic-organic composites synthesized using commercial Bi2O3 and active carbon with different weight ratio. The composites were assessed using spectroscopic, microscopic, and diffractive techniques. Our assessments confirmed that active carbons were successfully doped with commercial Bi2O3 nanoparticles with different dopant rates. The electrochemical performance of as-prepared materials was researched by cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 6 M KOH electrolyte. Higher specific capacitance was achieved for increased Bi2O3 nanoparticle in composites. The 20%-Bi2O3@AC had a maximum specific capacitance of 565 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. In addition, the symmetrically assembled supercapacitor delivers a high energy density (23.0 Wh kg(-1)). Moreover, 67% of the initial capacitance is maintained after 1500 cycles at 200 mV/s, suggesting good cycling stability. Due to the synergistic effect of compositing a promising electrochemical performance was observed that was not obtained by bare AC or Bi2O3. As a result, the electrochemical properties of 20%-Bi2O3@AC composite is promising and it may be used as potential electrode for supercapacitor.Kirklareli University Scientific Research Coordination Office [KLUBAP 207]; Krklareli University, Turkey [KLUBAP-139]Part of the project was supported Kirklareli University Scientific Research Coordination Office with project number KLUBAP 207. This study was partly supported by the Krklareli University, Turkey (Grant No. KLUBAP-139).WOS:0006530271000052-s2.0-8510634631

Evaluation of X-ray tomography contrast agents: A review of production, protocols, and biological applications

X-ray computed tomography is a strong tool that finds many applications both in medical applications and in the investigation of biological and nonbiological samples. In the clinics, X-ray tomography is widely used for diagnostic purposes whose three-dimensional imaging in high resolution helps physicians to obtain detailed image of investigated regions. Researchers in biological sciences and engineering use X-ray tomography because it is a nondestructive method to assess the structure of their samples. In both medical and biological applications, visualization of soft tissues and structures requires special treatment, in which special contrast agents are used. In this detailed report, molecule-based and nanoparticle-based contrast agents used in biological applications to enhance the image quality were compiled and reported. Special contrast agent applications and protocols to enhance the contrast for the biological applications and works to develop nanoparticle contrast agents to enhance the contrast for targeted drug delivery and general imaging applications were also assessed and listed.Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma KurumuTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [2219]Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu, Grant/Award Number: 2219 Post Doctoral Scholarship ProgramWOS:0004678620000172-s2.0-85061894342PubMed: 3078609

Structural, electrochemical and optical properties of hydrothermally synthesized transition metal oxide (Co3O4, NiO, CuO) nanoflowers

In this work, structural, electrochemical and optical properties of the flower-like Co3O4, NiO and CuO nanostructures were investigated. Co3O4, NiO and CuO nanoflowers were prepared using hydrothermal method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used in the confirmation of the chemical composition of the nanostructures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used in the analysis of crystal structures that peaks observed in the XRD analysis confirms good crystallinity of the nanoflowers. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was used to illustrate the flower-like structure of the nanostructures. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used in the assessment of the electrochemical properties. It was seen that flower-like Co3O4, NiO and CuO nanostructures have enhanced electrochemical properties. Using CV results, redox reaction processes of the Co3O4, NiO and CuO nanoflowers were determined. Diffusion constants were determined and NiO nanoflowers found to have the highest diffusion constant among those. Nyquist and Bode diagrams were evaluated. Energy band gaps of Co3O4, NiO, CuO nanoflowers were calculated which were found to be 2.10 eV, 2.25 eV and 3.71 eV, respectively.WOS:0005398790000012-s2.0-8508638022

Prevalence of Incidental Gynecomastia by Chest Computed Tomography in Patients with a Prediagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia

Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of gynecomastia by evaluating computed tomography (CT) images of male patients who were admitted to our hospital during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Materials and Methods: This study included a total of 1,877 patients who underwent chest CT for prediagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia between March 15th and May 15th, 2020. All images were evaluated for the presence of gynecomastia. Gynecomastia patterns were evaluated according to morphological features, and diagnoses were made by measuring the largest glandular tissue diameter. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS software version 25.0. Results: The prevalence of gynecomastia was 32.3%. In terms of pattern, 22% were nodular, 57% were dendritic, and 21% were diffuse glandular gynecomastia. A significant correlation was found between age and gynecomastia pattern (p0.001). The incidence of nodular, dendritic, and diffuse glandular gynecomastia increased with advancing age. A significant difference was found in the analysis of the correlation between age groups and glandular tissue diameters (p0.001). With an increase in glandular tissue diameter, the gynecomastia pattern changed from a nodular to a diffuse glandular pattern. Conclusion: In our study, gynecomastia diagnosis was made through axial CT images. Although CT should not replace mammography and ultrasonography for clinical diagnosis of gynecomastia, chest CT scans can be used to evaluate patients with suspected gynecomastia