The Relationship Between Multiple Intelligences with Preferred Science Teaching and Science Process Skills

This study was undertaken to identify the relationship between multiple intelligences with preferred science teaching and science process skills. The design of the study is a survey using three questionnaires reported in the literature: Multiple Intelligences Questionnaire, Preferred Science Teaching Questionnaire and Science Process Skills Questionnaire. The study selected 300 primary school students from five (5) primary schools in Penang, Malaysia. The findings showed a relationship between kinesthetic, logical-mathematical, visual-spatial and naturalistic intelligences with the preferred science teaching. In addition there was a correlation between kinesthetic and visual-spatial intelligences with science process skills, implying that multiple intelligences are related to science learning

Pengaruh Penggunaan Limbah Tapioka sebagai Sumber Belajar terhadap Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa

: This aim of this research is to know (1) the differences of students\u27 motivation and achievement after using tapioca waste as learning resource in tenth grade, MAN 2 Pati in Archaebacteria and Eubacteria materials: (2) the effects of using tapioka waste as learning resources on students\u27 motivation and achievement in tenth grade, MAN 2 Pati. This research is quasi-experimental design with randomized control group, pre-post test. The study population was all students of Class X MAN 2 Pati, while the research sample is Class X-2 as the control group and Class X-3 as the experimental group. Data collection techniques were test and non-test techniques. The analyses used the t-test to determine differences in motivation and achievement. The results show that there is difference in learning motivation after using tapioca waste as a source of learning, indicated by the result of paired samples t-test, value of sig.(2-tailed)>α. There is no difference in learning achievement after using tapioca waste as a source of learning, which is indicated by paired sample t-test, the value of sig.(2-tailed)<α. Learning motivation and achievement of students who use tapioca waste as learning resources is higher than that of students who use the conventional learning resources

Identification of Novel, Potent, and Selective Compounds against Malaria Using Glideosomal-Associated Protein 50 as a Drug Target

Phylum apicomplexan consists of parasites, such as Plasmodium and Toxoplasma. These obligate intracellular parasites enter host cells via an energy-dependent process using specialized machinery, called the glideosome. In the present study, we used Plasmodium falciparum GAP50, a glideosome-associated protein, as a target to screen 951 different compounds from diverse chemical libraries. Using different screening methods, eight compounds (Hayatinine, Curine, MMV689758 (Bedaquiline), MMV1634402 (Brilacidin), and MMV688271, MMV782353, MMV642550, and USINB4-124-8) were identified, which showed promising binding affinity (KD < 75 μM), along with submicromolar range antiparasitic efficacy and selectivity index > 100 fold for malaria parasite. These eight compounds were effective against Chloroquine-resistant PfINDO and Artemisinin-resistant PfCam3.1R359T strains. Studies on the effect of these compounds at asexual blood stages showed that these eight compounds act differently at different developmental stages, indicating the binding of these compounds to other Plasmodium proteins, in addition to PfGAP50. We further studied the effects of compounds (Bedaquiline and USINB4-124-8) in an in vivo Plasmodium berghei mouse model of malaria. Importantly, the oral delivery of Bedaquiline (50 mg/kg b. wt.) showed substantial suppression of parasitemia, and three out of seven mice were cured of the infection. Thus, our study provides new scaffolds for the development of antimalarials that can act at multiple Plasmodium lifecycle stages

Identification of Novel, Potent, and Selective Compounds against Malaria Using Glideosomal-Associated Protein 50 as a Drug Target

Phylum apicomplexan consists of parasites, such as Plasmodium and Toxoplasma. These obligate intracellular parasites enter host cells via an energy-dependent process using specialized machinery, called the glideosome. In the present study, we used Plasmodium falciparum GAP50, a glideosome-associated protein, as a target to screen 951 different compounds from diverse chemical libraries. Using different screening methods, eight compounds (Hayatinine, Curine, MMV689758 (Bedaquiline), MMV1634402 (Brilacidin), and MMV688271, MMV782353, MMV642550, and USINB4-124-8) were identified, which showed promising binding affinity (KD < 75 μM), along with submicromolar range antiparasitic efficacy and selectivity index > 100 fold for malaria parasite. These eight compounds were effective against Chloroquine-resistant PfINDO and Artemisinin-resistant PfCam3.1R359T strains. Studies on the effect of these compounds at asexual blood stages showed that these eight compounds act differently at different developmental stages, indicating the binding of these compounds to other Plasmodium proteins, in addition to PfGAP50. We further studied the effects of compounds (Bedaquiline and USINB4-124-8) in an in vivo Plasmodium berghei mouse model of malaria. Importantly, the oral delivery of Bedaquiline (50 mg/kg b. wt.) showed substantial suppression of parasitemia, and three out of seven mice were cured of the infection. Thus, our study provides new scaffolds for the development of antimalarials that can act at multiple Plasmodium lifecycle stages

High throughput <i>in silico</i> identification and characterization of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> PRL phosphatase inhibitors

<p>Kinases and phosphatases are involved in many essential processes in <i>Plasmodium</i> lifecycle. Among the identified 67 <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> phosphatases, Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver (PRL) family protein homolog, PfPRL, is an essential parasite tyrosine phosphatase. PfPRL is shown to be prenylated, secreted, and involved in the host invasion process. In the present study, a structure-based high throughput <i>in silico</i> screening of PfPRL binders, using ChEMBL-NTD compounds lead to the identification of nine compounds based on binding energy, Lipinski rule of five, and QED score. The most of the shortlisted compounds are known to inhibit parasite growth at a concentration (EC50) ≤2 μm in <i>in vitro P. falciparum</i> culture assays. MD simulations were carried out on the shortlisted nine potential enzyme–inhibitor complexes to analyze specificity, stability, and to calculate the free binding energies of the complexes. The study identifies PfPRL as one of the potential drug targets for selected ChEMBL-NTD compounds that may be exploited as a scaffold to develop novel antimalarials.</p

Sub cellular localization of PvTRAg36.6 in <i>P</i>.<i>falciparum</i> transgenic parasites expressing GFP fusion protein.

<p>GFP fluorescence images showing localization of PvTRAg36.6-GFP in trophozoite stages of transgenic parasite line 3D7_ PvTRAg36.6-GFP, B. Images of co-immunostaining between anti-GFP antibody (green) and anti-SBP1 antibody (red). Parasite nuclei were labeled with DAPI (blue). Overlay shows images merged with bright field.</p

Sub cellular localization of PvTRAg36.6 in <i>P</i>.<i>vivax</i> natural infections.

<p>Immunofluorescence images of <i>P</i>.<i>vivax</i> infected red cells. Parasites were labeled with anti- PvTRAg36.6 (green) antibody and DAPI for nuclear staining (blue). Fluorescence pattern observed in ring (<b>R</b>, double infection), trophozoite <b>(T),</b> Schizont <b>(S)</b> stages and in free merozoites <b>(M)</b> are shown. Overlay shows the images merged with bright field.</p

Co-localization studies of PvTRAg36.6 in <i>P</i>.<i>vivax</i>.

<p>Co-localization images of PvTRAg36.6 with apicoplast, rhoptry and micronemal markers in <i>P</i>.<i>vivax</i> natural infections. <b>(A)</b> Fluorescence pattern observed after co-immuno staining of <i>P</i>.<i>vivax</i> parasite with anti-PvTRAg36.6 (green) and anti-PfClpP (red) recognizing apicoplast in schizont (<b>A</b>, upper panel) as well as in free merozites (<b>A</b>, lower panel). <b>(B)</b> Co-immunostaining of anti-PvTRAg36.6 (green) with anti-PvRII (red) recognizing microneme in a schizont, and <b>(C)</b> Co-immunostaining of anti-PvTRAg36.6 (green) with anti-PvAARP (red) recognizing rhoptry neck in a schizont. The parasite nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Overlay shows the images merged with bright field.</p

Putative interacting protein partners of PvTRAg36.6 and PvTRAg56.2 identified by bacterial two hybrid assay.

<p>Putative interacting protein partners of PvTRAg36.6 and PvTRAg56.2 identified by bacterial two hybrid assay.</p

Expression of PvTRAg-GFP fusion proteins in transgenic <i>P</i>.<i>falciparum</i>.

<p>Parasite lysates from wild type 3D7, transgenics 3D7_PvTRAg36.6-GFP and 3D7_PvTRAg56.2-GFP were subjected to western blot analyses using monoclonal anti-GFP antibody (upper panels) and anti-Bip antibody as control (lower panels). A: lane 1; wild type 3D7; Lane 2; 3D7_PvTRAg36.6-GFP, B: lane 1; wild type 3D7; lane 2; 3D7_PvTRAg56.2-GFP, Molecular weights of GFP fusion protein and parasite Bip protein are indicated. M shows the protein marker.</p