4-[(E)-Phenyl­imino­meth­yl]benzonitrile

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, C14H10N2, the two aromatic rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 32.22 (6)°. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into centrosymmetric R 2 2(10) dimers. A weak π–π inter­action between the cyanobenzene rings, with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.8447 (3) Å, further stabilizes the crystal structure. There is also a C—H⋯π inter­action between the aniline ring and a CH group of the cyanobenzene ring

3-(4-Methoxy­phen­yl)isochroman-1-one

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, C16H14O3, the aromatic rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 72.02 (6)°. The heterocyclic ring adopts a twisted conformation. In the crystal structure, there are C—H⋯π contacts between the heterocyclic and phenyl rings, and between the methyl group and methoxy­phenyl ring

Physical activity, smoking, and genetic predisposition to obesity in people from Pakistan:the PROMIS study

Background: Multiple genetic variants have been reliably associated with obesity-related traits in Europeans, but little is known about their associations and interactions with lifestyle factors in South Asians. Methods: In 16,157 Pakistani adults (8232 controls; 7925 diagnosed with myocardial infarction [MI]) enrolled in the PROMIS Study, we tested whether: a) BMI-associated loci, individually or in aggregate (as a genetic risk score - GRS), are associated with BMI; b) physical activity and smoking modify the association of these loci with BMI. Analyses were adjusted for age, age(2), sex, MI (yes/no), and population substructure. Results: Of 95 SNPs studied here, 73 showed directionally consistent effects on BMI as reported in Europeans. Each additional BMI-raising allele of the GRS was associated with 0.04 (SE = 0.01) kg/m(2) higher BMI (P = 4.5 x 10(-14)). We observed nominal evidence of interactions of CLIP1 rs11583200 (P-interaction = 0.014), CADM2 rs13078960 (P-interaction = 0.037) and GALNT10 rs7715256 (P-interaction = 0.048) with physical activity, and PTBP2 rs11165643 (P-interaction = 0.045), HIP1 rs1167827 (P-interaction = 0.015), C6orf106 rs205262 (P-interaction = 0.032) and GRID1 rs7899106 (P-interaction = 0.043) with smoking on BMI. Conclusions: Most BMI-associated loci have directionally consistent effects on BMI in Pakistanis and Europeans. There were suggestive interactions of established BMI-related SNPs with smoking or physical activity