Five year mortality and direct costs of care for people with diabetic foot complications are comparable to cancer.

BackgroundIn 2007, we reported a summary of data comparing diabetic foot complications to cancer. The purpose of this brief report was to refresh this with the best available data as they currently exist. Since that time, more reports have emerged both on cancer mortality and mortality associated with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), Charcot arthropathy, and diabetes-associated lower extremity amputation.MethodsWe collected data reporting 5-year mortality from studies published following 2007 and calculated a pooled mean. We evaluated data from DFU, Charcot arthropathy and lower extremity amputation. We dichotomized high and low amputation as proximal and distal to the ankle, respectively. This was compared with cancer mortality as reported by the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute.ResultsFive year mortality for Charcot, DFU, minor and major amputations were 29.0, 30.5, 46.2 and 56.6%, respectively. This is compared to 9.0% for breast cancer and 80.0% for lung cancer. 5 year pooled mortality for all reported cancer was 31.0%. Direct costs of care for diabetes in general was $237 billion in 2017. This is compared to$80 billion for cancer in 2015. As up to one-third of the direct costs of care for diabetes may be attributed to the lower extremity, these are also readily comparable.ConclusionDiabetic lower extremity complications remain enormously burdensome. Most notably, DFU and LEA appear to be more than just a marker of poor health. They are independent risk factors associated with premature death. While advances continue to improve outcomes of care for people with DFU and amputation, efforts should be directed at primary prevention as well as those for patients in diabetic foot ulcer remission to maximize ulcer-free, hospital-free and activity-rich days

First result from Q(weak)

Initial results are presented from the recently-completed Q(weak) experiment at Jefferson Lab. The goal is a precise measurement of the proton\u27s weak charge Q(w)(p), to yield a test of the standard model and to search for evidence of new physics. The weak charge is extracted from the parity-violating asymmetry in elastic (e) over right arrowp scattering at low momentum transfer, Q(2) = 0.025 GeV2. A 180 mu A longitudinally-polarized 1.16 GeV electron beam was scattered from a 35 cm long liquid hydrogen at small angles, 6 degrees \u3c theta \u3c 12 degrees. Scattered electrons were analyzed in a toroidal magnetic field and detected using an array of eight Cerenkov detectors arranged symmetrically about the beam axis. The initial result, from 4% of the complete data set, is Q(W)(p) = 0.064 +/- 0.012, in excellent agreement with the standard model expectation. Full analysis of the data is expected to yield a value for the weak charge to about 5% precision

FUTURE INTERESTS-WORTHIER TITLE DOCTRINE

Plaintiff created an irrevocable trust of $75,000, reserving the income to himself for life and directing distribution of the corpus upon his death to his heirs according to the California laws of succession in existence at his death. Later he sued to terminate the trust on the theory that since the worthier title doctrine prevented creation of a remainder in his heirs, he was sole beneficiary. The intermediate California appellate court held that the worthier title doctrine was inapplicable because of a California statute changing the word heirs from one of limitation to one of purchase. Therefore, the outstanding remainder in the heirs prevented termination of the trust. On appeal to the California Supreme Court, held, reversed. As a matter of construction, when the settlor created a life estate in himself with a limitation to his heirs he did not intend to create an interest in his heirs. Bixby v. California Trust Co., (Cal. 1949) 202 P. (2d) 1018

TAXATION-INCOME TAX-REALIZATION OF INCOME BY CORPORATION IN DISTRIBUTION OF NOTES TO SHAREHOLDERS

A corporation charged off notes as worthless prior to 1942. Anticipating future collections on the notes, the corporation distributed them as a dividend in kind. The commissioner determined that the amount collected subsequent to distribution was taxable to the corporation. The Tax Court held that no income was realized by the corporation. On appeal, held, reversed. This was not a distribution of capital assets but rather an assignment of anticipated income. Commissioner v. First State Bank of Stratford, (C.C.A. 5th, 1948) 168 F. (2d) 1004, certiorari denied, 335 U.S. 867, 69 S.Ct. 137 (1948)

DESCENT AND DISTRIBUTION - WIDOW\u27S STATUTORY SHARE - WIDOW ALLOWED TO ELECT AGAINST HUSBAND\u27S INTER VIVOS TRUST OF PROMISE UNDER SEAL

Eleven years before his death, H executed his bond under seal for $20,000 payable one year after his death. He delivered the bond to a trustee to hold upon an irrevocable trust to collect and pay the proceeds to named beneficiaries. Upon H\u27s death with a personal estate approximately equal to the amount of the bond, his widow elected to claim her statutory share in the estate, alleging that the bond was invalid. The trustee filed a bill alleging that the trust was sufficient to bar the widow, and the widow demurred. The demurrer was overruled by the trial court and the bond was held a valid claim. On appeal, held, reversed. The bond should be set aside as a fraud on the rights of the widow. Norris v. Barbour, (Va. 1949) 51 S.E. (2d) 334

Late Neogene exhumation patterns in Taranaki Basin (New Zealand): evidence from offset porosity-depth trends

Journal ArticleTaranaki Basin, New Zealand, is located adjacent to the Australian-Pacific Plate boundary where the tectonic regime changes from dominantly subduction-related to the north to transpression-related along the Alpine Fault to the south. During the Neogene, burial and exhumation varied extensively, in both time and space, in response to subsidence and uplift along this evolving plate boundary zone

Exhumation of the central Wasatch Mountains, Utah: 1, Patterns and timing of exhumation deduced from low-temperature thermochronology data

Journal ArticleThe Wasatch Mountains are often cited as an example of normal fault growth and footwall flexure. They represent a tilted footwall at the edge of the Basin and Range extensional province, a major rift basin. Thus understanding the detailed spatial and elevation changes in coupled thermochronometer data, and how these changes can be interpreted, may aid in the analysis of thermochronometer data from other extensional regions around the world

Determination of the ^27Al Neutron Distribution Radius from a Parity-Violating Electron Scattering Measurement

We report the first measurement of the parity-violating elastic electron scattering asymmetry on 27Al. The 27Al elastic asymmetry is APV=2.16±0.11(stat)±0.16(syst)  ppm, and was measured at ⟨Q2⟩=0.02357±0.00010  GeV2, ⟨θlab⟩=7.61°±0.02°, and ⟨Elab⟩=1.157  GeV with the Qweak apparatus at Jefferson Lab. Predictions using a simple Born approximation as well as more sophisticated distorted-wave calculations are in good agreement with this result. From this asymmetry the 27Al neutron radius Rn=2.89±0.12  fm was determined using a many-models correlation technique. The corresponding neutron skin thickness Rn−Rp=−0.04±0.12  fm is small, as expected for a light nucleus with a neutron excess of only 1. This result thus serves as a successful benchmark for electroweak determinations of neutron radii on heavier nuclei. A tree-level approach was used to extract the 27Al weak radius Rw=3.00±0.15  fm, and the weak skin thickness Rwk−Rch=−0.04±0.15  fm. The weak form factor at this Q2 is Fwk=0.39±0.04

Parity-violating inelastic electron-proton scattering at low Q^2 above the resonance region

We report the measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry for the inelastic scattering of electrons from the proton, at Q2=0.082GeV2 and W=2.23 GeV, above the resonance region. The result AInel=−13.5±2.0(stat)±3.9(syst) ppm agrees with theoretical calculations, and helps to validate the modeling of the γZ interference structure functions FγZ1 and FγZ2 used in those calculations, which are also used for determination of the two-boson exchange γ−Z box diagram (□γZ) contribution to parity-violating elastic scattering measurements. A positive parity-violating asymmetry for inclusive π− production was observed, as well as positive beam-normal single-spin asymmetry for scattered electrons and a negative beam-normal single-spin asymmetry for inclusive π− production

Measurement of the Beam-normal Single-spin Asymmetry for Elastic Electron Scattering from ^12C and ^27Al

We report measurements of the parity-conserving beam-normal single-spin elastic scattering asymmetries Bn on 12C and 27Al, obtained with an electron beam polarized transverse to its momentum direction. These measurements add an additional kinematic point to a series of previous measurements of Bn on 12C and provide a first measurement on 27Al. The experiment utilized the Qweak apparatus at Jefferson Lab with a beam energy of 1.158 GeV. The average laboratory scattering angle for both targets was 7.7∘, and the average Q2 for both targets was 0.024 37 GeV2 (Q=0.1561 GeV). The asymmetries are Bn=−10.68±0.90(stat)±0.57(syst) ppm for 12C and Bn=−12.16±0.58(stat)±0.62(syst) ppm for 27Al. The results are consistent with theoretical predictions, and are compared to existing data. When scaled by Z/A, the Q dependence of all the far-forward angle (θ\u3c10∘) data from 1H to 27Al can be described by the same slope out to Q≈0.35 GeV. Larger-angle data from other experiments in the same Q range are consistent with a slope about twice as steep