The value of taking notes during lectures

Running title: Taking notesIncludes bibliographical references (p. 42-47)Pursuant to contract no. 400-81-0030 of the National Institute of Educatio

Does text structure/summarization instruction facilitate learning from expository text?

The work upon which this publication is based was performed pursuant to Contract no. NIE-400-81-0030 of the National Institute of Educatio

The German corporation: An open or closed society? An application of Popperian ideas to organizational analysis.

In this thesis, Karl Popper's paradigm of openness and closure is employed in order to investigate organisational culture in German corporations with respect to three issues: (1) whether organisational culture tends to correspond to or contradict the pattern of peer-group, or concertive, control that has recently been identified in organisations; (2) to what extent organisational cultures in Germany match German national culture; and (3) how German corporations react to the dilemma of being constrained by the extremes of openness and closure. In doing so, the position of German corporations are identified in relation to the concepts of openness and closure. With regard to the first issue, the current discourse on concertive control in critical organisation studies is outlined, and fourteen German manufacturing companies are investigated employing a questionnaire. Two broad clusters of organisational cultures are identified and it is concluded that one cluster matches the pattern of concertive control, whereas the other does not. With regard to the second issue, German national culture is outlined on the basis of secondary sources. Drawing on the organisational cultures identified, it turns out that they considerably correspond to national culture. With respect to the third issue, two kinds of company-internal differentiation, interfunctional and interdimensional, are investigated as possible mechanisms of reacting to the dilemma. Interdimensional differentiation is ascertained to be the preferred strategy. The question of whether German corporations tend towards openness or closure is answered by referring to the two identified clusters of organisational culture. One cluster has considerable traits of closure, whereas the other is more open

Modeling of German Low Voltage Cables with Ground Return Path

In this contribution, measurement data of phase, neutral, and ground currents from real low voltage (LV) feeders in Germany is presented and analyzed. The data obtained is used to review and evaluate common modeling approaches for LV systems. An alternative modeling approach for detailed cable and ground modeling, which allows for the consideration of typical German LV earthing conditions and asymmetrical cable design, is proposed. Further, analytical calculation methods for model parameters are described and compared to laboratory measurement results of real LV cables. The models are then evaluated in terms of parameter sensitivity and parameter relevance, focusing on the influence of conventionally performed simplifications, such as neglecting house junction cables, shunt admittances, or temperature dependencies. By comparing measurement data from a real LV feeder to simulation results, the proposed modeling approach is validated

Thermal stability of barrerite and Na-exchanged barrerite: An in situ single crystal X-ray diffraction study under dry conditions

The thermal stability of barrerite (Na8.2K3.0Ca2.2Mg0.2Al17Si55O144·50H2O) from Kuiu Island, Alaska, was investigated from 25 °C to 500 °C by in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction under dry conditions. Corresponding experiments were performed on Na-exchanged barrerite Na17Al17Si55O144·45H2O from the same locality. The natural sample showed a gradual transformation of the A phase with dehydration to the B phase associated with rupture of T-O-T links and formation of new connections. Though, the high temperature modification (phase D) was not observed in the studied temperature range. In contrast to natural barrerite (space group Amma), Na-exchanged barrerite was found to be monoclinic F2/m at room temperature and transformed to A2/m (same cell setting) with beginning dehydration at 50 °C. Its dehydration trend, monitored by unit-cell volume, corresponded to structural modifications observed for natural barrerite. The D phase of this sample was produced by ex situ experiments at 525 °C under ambient conditions. A new model for transformation from the disordered B phase to the ordered highly condensed D phase (space group A21ma) is presented. In addition, the new in situ equilibrated single-crystal experiments are compared with dynamic X-ray powder diffraction studies