Ekstrasi Pigmen dari Biji Annatto (Bixa orellana Linn) Menggunakan Pelarut Organik : Pengaruh Polaritas Pelarut dan Suhu Ekstrasi = Pigment Extraction from Annatto Bixa orellana Linn Seed

This experiment was designed to study the different effect of the various solvents and extraction temperature against yield as well as total pigment collected and the total extracted bixin from annattb seed. Pigment extraction was done utilizing chloroform, acetone and ethanol as solvents, at temperature of 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C on local annatto seed, which were dried by cabinet dryer and freeze dryer and on untreated imported annatto seed. The resulted extraction substance, which was dried by rotary vacuum evaporator, was then anah/sed for its yield, total pigment and total bixin. In this experiment, variation in solvent and temperature had no notable effect on the yield of imported annatto seed. However, cabinet dried local annatto (LCD) seed and freeze-dried local annatto (LFD) seed yield increased as temperature raised and solvent polarity reduced. On all three LCD, LFD, and imported annatto seed, the varieties in solvent and temperature, was affecting total pigment and total bixin of the seed dried weight. When utilizing the same solvent, it was observed that as extraction temperature raised, yield was increasing. However, total pigment and total bixin was increased, was depending upon the solvent and the type of annatto seed (local or import), but not on the rising temperature. At the same temperature, as the solvent polarity increased, the less total pigment and total bixin recovered. From this experiment, it was concluded that the best organic solvent was chloroform. The best yield (14,22%) was of imported annatto seed treated at 50°C. The highest recovered total pigment (4,53 g/lOOg) was found on freeze-dried local annatto seed treated at 50°C. And the highest acquired total bixin (2,49g/100g) was found on freeze-dried local annatto seed treated at 30°C. Thus, extraction of freeze-dried local annatto seed was obtained the highest recovered total pigment and total bixin, but had the lowest yield. Keywords: Annatto f Bixa orellana) -extraction -yield - total pigment â total bixin