Molluscicidal effect of Euphorbia umbellata (Pax) Bruyns latex on Biomphalaria glabrata, Schistosoma mansoni host snail

ABSTRACT Euphorbia umbellata (Pax) Bruyns is an easily cultivated shrub, with occurrence in the tropical regions of the American and African continents. Chemical studies have revealed that the latex of this plant is rich in terpene compounds, which are highly toxic to snails Biomphalaria glabrata (Basommatophora: Planorbidae). The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and molluscicidal activity of the latex produced by E. umbellata, as well as the safety of its application in aquatic environments. The concentration of latex that killed 90% of the exposed snails after 24 h exposure (LC90) was 3.69 mg/L. Toxicity bioassays using Danio rerio (zebrafish) revealed that these animals were less susceptible to latex than planorbids. However, it is important to perform other toxicity tests to ensure the feasibility of using latex to control populations of mollusks that contribute to schistosomiasis transmission. A phytochemical screening performed with the E. umbellata latex identified the triterpenoid and coumarin class. Further studies are warranted to isolate, identify, and test the active compounds of E. umbellata latex in B. glabrata

Assistência à criança com disfunção neuromotora na abordagem da rede social: um estudo de caso Asistencia al niño con disfunción neuromotora en el abordaje de la red social: un estudio de caso Assistance to the child with neuromotor disorder using a social networkapproach: a case study

O estudo de caso teve como propósito descrever a situação de saúde de uma criança com disfunção neuromotora e sua rede social, com aprofundamento no contexto socioeconômico. Os objetivos foram: identificar o cuidador da criança; construir o mapa da rede social da criança; discutir a importância do cuidador e contexto familiar no desenvolvimento da criança com disfunção neuromotora. Os dados foram coletados no prontuário na consulta de enfermagem; na abordagem da mãe durante a fisioterapia; na visita à casa da avó materna; na observação sistemática da criança, e mantiveram-se contatos pelo telefone. Os resultados mostraram que a menina está envolvida com diferentes pessoas e tem variados vínculos. Conclui-se que, apesar de a rede social ser ampla e densa, seus vínculos são fragilizados, o que torna a relação íntima e direta da menina restrita a poucas pessoas, como mãe, irmão e avó materna.<br>El estudio de caso tuvo como propósito describir la situación de la salud de una niña con disfunción neuromotora y su red social, con profundización en el contexto socio-económico. Los objetivos fueron: identificar el cuidador de la niña; construir el mapa de la red social de la niña; discutir la importancia del cuidador y del contexto familiar en el desarrollo de la niña con disfunción neuromotora. Los datos fueron colectados en el registro médico; consulta de enfermería; abordaje de la madre durante la fisioterapia; visita a la casa de la abuela materna; observación sistemática de la niña y contactos por teléfono. Los resultados mostraron que la niña está enredada con diversas personas y variados enlaces. Se concluye aunque la red social sea amplia y densa, sus enlaces son fragilizados, lo que torna la relación íntima y directa a la niña restricta a pocas personas, como madre, hermano, abuela materna.<br>The case study's intention was to describe the situation regarding the health of a child with neuromotor disorder and their social network, with deepening on socio-economic context. The objectives were: to identify the caretaker of the child; to build the map of the child's social network; to discuss the importance of the caretaker and family context in the development of the children with neuromotor disorder. The data were collected from the patient's record; consultation of nursing; approach of the mother during physiotherapy; visitation to the maternal grandmother's home; systematic observation of the child and contacts by phone. The results showed that the girl is involved with different people and different ties. It follows that despite her extensive and dense social network, her ties are fragile, which makes the direct and intimate relationship to the girl restricted to few people, such as her mother, her brother, her maternal grandmother