seedingdata

seedingdat

Appendix A. Table showing the treatment effects on soil moisture and nutrients.

Table showing the treatment effects on soil moisture and nutrients

Data format Kaarlejarvi Transplant

DATA COLLECTION: This data were collected in beginning of August 2011 in Kilpisjärvi, NW Finland (69.055⁰N, 20.887⁰E). Data comes from full-factorial warming-fertilization-herbivore exclusion experiment, where transplants of three forbs were grown for two growing seasons. For detailed methods see Kaarlejärvi et al. 2013, Funct Ecol. The file contains total biomass estimates of the three transplant species, reproductive biomass for two of the species and estimates of total vascular plant biomass on the study plots using point-intercept method. DATA FORMAT: Year: sampling year, PlotID: Individual identification code for each of 56 study plots (7 replicates of each of 8 treatment combinations), Exclosure: “grazed” indicates plots without exclosure, “ungrazed” refers to plots with exclosures against mammalian herbivores, Fertilization: Self-explanatory, whether a plot was fertilized or not using NPK-fertilizer, Warming: Self-explanatory, whether a plot was warmed or not using Open Top Chamber, bmEpiang: Biomass of transplanted Epilobium angustifolium after two growing seasons (expressed in grams), bmSildio: Biomass of transplanted Silene dioica after the second growing season (expressed in grams), bmSolvir: Biomass of transplanted Solidago virgaurea after the second growing season (expressed in grams), bmSildioF: Reproductive biomass of transplanted Silene dioica after the second growing season (expressed in grams), bmSolvirF: Reproductive biomass of transplanted Solidago virgaurea after the second growing season (expressed in grams), VascularTotalHits: Total number of vascular plant hits per 108 pins systematically spread over 25 x 50 cm2 area in the middle of each study plot

Appendix B. Figure showing vascular biomass results with respect to the treatments.

Figure showing vascular biomass results with respect to the treatments

Appendix C. Figure showing the relationship between litter abundance and resident tannin concentrations with respect to herbivore exclusion and fertilization across both habitat types.

Figure showing the relationship between litter abundance and resident tannin concentrations with respect to herbivore exclusion and fertilization across both habitat types

Appendix A. Table showing results from linear mixed-effects models including liming as a factor.

Table showing results from linear mixed-effects models including liming as a factor

Appendix D. Figure showing the relationship between Simpson dominance and resident tannin concentrations with respect to herbivore exclusion and fertilization in infertile habitats.

Figure showing the relationship between Simpson dominance and resident tannin concentrations with respect to herbivore exclusion and fertilization in infertile habitats

seed sowing data

seed sowing dat

Multiple global change factors cause declines of a temperate bryophyte

Climate change, nutrient enrichment and land use have been predicted to alter bryophyte abundance and performance; we expect these factors to interact, yet experiments addressing their joint effects are missing. We tested the responses of Brachythecium rutabulum, a common temperate moss species, to single and combined effects of future climatic conditions, grazing, light limitation and nutrient enrichment. We predicted that future climatic conditions, intense grazing, light limitation and nutrient enrichment have all negative effects on the survival and photosynthetic condition of B. rutabulum, and their joint effects become strong even if individual factors have only weak effects (multiple stress hypothesis). We measured after two growing seasons biomass and chlorophyll fluorescence of transplanted moss colonies in full-factorial treatments of fertilisation, exclusion of sheep grazing and light amendment by LED lamps, replicated in ambient and future climatic conditions. Future climate and fertilisation had negligible effects on colony biomass and chlorophyll fluorescence of bryophyte colonies, whereas light amendment had positive effect on chlorophyll fluorescence and grazing exclusion had positive effect on colony biomass. Colony biomass and chlorophyll fluorescence decreased with increasing number of global change factors. Supporting the multiple stress hypothesis, individually weak global change factors can combine to strong joint effects. Multiple global change factors have relatively strong negative effects on a bryophyte even if the effects of single factors are weak.We did not find evidence of multiplicative interactions (e.g. synergies) between multiple global change factors. Nevertheless, the additive effects of combined treatments showed increasing linear response with greater number of factors acting in combination.Amended light availability promotes bryophyte photosynthetic condition, whereas intense grazing may be a disturbance factor having negative effects on bryophytes.Considering multiple global change effects operating simultaneously is required for improved predictions of plant responses to global environmental change. Multiple global change factors have relatively strong negative effects on a bryophyte even if the effects of single factors are weak. We did not find evidence of multiplicative interactions (e.g. synergies) between multiple global change factors. Nevertheless, the additive effects of combined treatments showed increasing linear response with greater number of factors acting in combination. Amended light availability promotes bryophyte photosynthetic condition, whereas intense grazing may be a disturbance factor having negative effects on bryophytes. Considering multiple global change effects operating simultaneously is required for improved predictions of plant responses to global environmental change.</p

Main and interactive treatment effects on <i>Silene</i> performance.

Main and interactive treatment effects on Silene performance.</p