Understanding the Impact of K-12 Principals on African American Male Teachers\u27 Educational Self-Efficacy

Nationally, African American Male (AAM) teachers represent only 2% of new teachers, while also being the most significant number of teachers who leave the profession in their 3rd to 5th year in the classroom, when new teacher attrition is at its highest (Tio, 2018). For this reason, it was crucial to identify the practices that school leaders use to help retain their new AAM teachers. One strategy previously identified was to support AAM teacher\u27s perceptions of their self-efficacy. Positive experiences or interactions can bolster a teacher\u27s self-efficacy, while negative experiences decrease it. Drawing from Bandura\u27s (1977) self-efficacy theory and Tschannen Moran and Hoy\u27s (2001) work on teacher self-efficacy, this study explored the practices of school leaders that impacted the self-efficacy of AAM teachers who acquired their teaching certification through an alternative teacher preparation program, the Georgia Teacher Academy of Preparation and Pedagogy (GaTAPP). Qualitative data were collected from 11 elementary and secondary school teachers who were from 11 schools in an urban school district located in Georgia. The teachers selected for this study had received their teaching certification through the 2-year GaTAPP program, and they were in their 3rd to 5th year of teaching. Participants were asked to complete the Tschannen-Moran and Hoy\u27s twelve item teacher self-efficacy survey instrument. Furthermore, data were collected through individual interviews as well as focus groups where the participants discussed the practices of their principals and assistant principals. These comments and opinions were transcribed then analyzed using NVivo. The results identified three practices that influenced the AAM teachers: (a) providing emotional support; (b) maintaining trust through leadership promotions; and (c) delivering consistent, constructive feedback. Accordingly, school leaders, educational leadership programs, and educational policy experts should emphasize these three practices in the national effort to retain African American Male teachers, particularly those teachers certified through an alternative teacher preparation program

Consumer anger: a label in search of meaning

Purpose The paper aims to propose a new conceptualisation of consumer anger directed against a company. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, an integrative review of the literature on anger in marketing has been conducted. Findings Anger at the firm is experienced in two forms: vengeful anger or problem-focused anger. The motivational goals associated with each differentiate between the two types and lead to different relational consequences: vengeful anger implies a desire to hurt the culprit, whereas problem-focused anger solely requires the attainment of a thwarted goal. The two types are associated with different patterns of appraisals, levels of intensity and emotion expression. These differences, documented in the literature, are not universal but shaped by contextual and personal variables. Although marketers conflate these two types of anger under the same label, only vengeful anger represents a threat to marketing relationships, whereas problem-focused anger has positive consequences if managed appropriately. Research limitations/implications Studies that examine anger will benefit from a more nuanced understanding of this concept. This paper raises important implications for the measurement of this emotion, as existing scales are not able to measure the goals associated with the two types of anger. Practical implications The insights presented help managers form strategies to address consumer anger in contexts such as service failures and/or crisis communications. Originality/value The paper extends scholars’ understanding of consumer anger. It offers an improved conceptualisation of this emotion, opening new avenues for future research. </jats:sec

How Categorisation Shapes the Attitude–Behaviour Gap in Responsible Consumption

Scholars have documented that many consumers have positive attitudes towards responsible products but do not consistently buy these alternatives. In this paper we present a new perspective, based on categorisation theory, to examine the attitude–behaviour gap. Through a qualitative study, we identify two dimensions that influence consumers’ categorisation of ethical products: (1) construing the decision as altruistic or self-interested and (2) perceiving the context of the behaviour as private or public. Using these dimensions to assess the consumption situation, consumers construe four types of responsible purchase that rest on different motivations. Analysing the categorisation process allows a more nuanced understanding of the potential reasons that underpin the attitude-behaviour gap. We show that the inconsistency between words and deeds has different explanations depending on the frame applied by consumers to the decision, and suggest that a deeper understanding of framing processes is necessary for the development of more effective marketing strategies.</jats:p

Identity bias in negative word of mouth following irresponsible corporate behavior: a research model and moderating effects

Current research has documented how cases of irresponsible corporate behavior generate negative reactions from consumers and other stakeholders. Existing research, however, has not examined empirically whether the characteristics of the victims of corporate malfeasance contribute to shaping individual reactions. This study examines, through four experimental surveys, the role played by the national identity of the people affected on consumers’ intentions to spread negative word of mouth (WOM). It is shown that national identity influences individual reactions indirectly; mediated by perceived similarity and sympathy. Consumers perceive foreign victims as different from the self and this reduces the sympathy experienced towards them. Sympathy is an emotion that shapes consumer reactions and regulates WOM. The study identifies two moderating processes of this effect. Individuals who score high on collective narcissism are most likely to be strongly biased against foreign victims. In-group bias is also moderated by the perceived severity of the crisis. When a case is perceived as very serious, perceived similarity plays a less important role in generating sympathy because consumers focus on the perceived suffering of the victims. Hence, in-group bias is stronger in cases perceived as having minor consequences. The paper contributes to the literature on corporate social irresponsibility and offers implications for both scholars and managers

Consumer reactions to corporate tax strategies: The role of political ideology

This study contributes to research on how stakeholders react to corporate tax strategies (CTSs). In two experiments we show that consumers are more likely to react negatively to ‘aggressive’ rather than to reward ‘conservative’ CTSs. The impact of CTSs on consumer reactions is mediated by the perceived ethicality of the firm and moderated by individuals’ political identification. Right-leaning consumers are less likely than left-leaning consumers to punish companies engaging in tax avoidance. This moderation depends on the personal connection customers have with a particular brand: both left-leaning and right-leaning consumers punish firms they feel close to when such firms engage in aggressive CTSs. The study extends our understanding of the benefits and risks associated with different CTSs. It contributes to debates on the morality of CTSs, showing that political ideology shapes individuals’ perceived ethicality of corporations engaged in aggressive tax avoidance

Concerned protesters: from compassion to retaliation

Purpose Purpose – The study outlines the unique role of compassion in reactions to cases of irresponsible corporate behavior that present information about victims of these events. Four antecedents of compassion for the victims of irresponsibility are presented and a model that explains the consequences of this emotion is tested empirically. Design/methodology/approach Design/methodology/approach – Two studies test the research hypotheses using a mix of experimental and survey research. The effects are tested both in laboratory conditions, where consumers assess a fictitious case of corporate irresponsibility, and through a test of reactions to real online campaigns. Findings Findings – Compassion is one of the drivers of consumers’ anger at the culprit, playing an indirect role in decisions to retaliate against perpetrators. Four key drivers of compassion are identified in the research: the perceived suffering of the victims, the perceived similarity of the victims to the observer, victims’ derogation and the vividness of the description of the victims. Practical implications Practical implications – The study offers insights both for campaigners wishing to instigate boycotts and organizations managing complex stakeholder relationships following a crisis. Insights on the role of compassion and its antecedents lead to more effective communications able to heighten or dampen this emotion. Originality/value Originality/value – Existing research offers contrasting views on the potential role of compassion in reactions to injustices. This study presents a novel account that clarifies previous findings and extends our knowledge of causes and consequences of compassion

“Just look the other way”: Job seekers’ reactions to the irresponsibility of market-dominant employers

Past research on recruitment has shown that employer image predicts job seekers’ perceptions of organizational attractiveness. We contribute to this body of work by examining job seekers’ reactions to a market-dominant employer that has suffered from a case of corporate social irresponsibility (CSI). We show that job seekers’ reaction is buffered in the case of dominant employers’ wrongdoing. This effect is stronger for job seekers who are very interested in working in the dominant employers’ industry. Market dominance, however, reduces the negative impact of CSI only under certain circumstances. We find that market dominance provides a buffer against the negative effect of CSI only when (1) CSI is directly relevant to the domain of performance of the organization and (2) job seekers feel very certain about their attitudes toward the organization. In two experiments with participants actively looking for employment at the time of study, we tested a model of moderated mediation examining how market dominance and CSI influence perceived employer ethicality and perceived employer competence. These two variables, in turn, explain how job seekers form perceptions of organizational attractiveness. This is the first study to explore how job seekers react to potential employers that are dominant in a market but have suffered from a CSI incident. The study identifies the boundary conditions that explain why sometimes market-dominant employers can emerge relatively unscathed in the eyes of job seekers following CSI. The research opens important managerial implications concerning the recruitment efforts of organizations that have suffered from CSI

Emotions and consumer's adoption of innovations: an integrative review and research agenda

The dominant models of innovation adoption have traditionally overlooked the role of emotions, despite the relevance of this construct in consumer decision-making. To address this historical gap, a notable stream of research on emotions in innovation adoption has emerged in recent years. To enrich our understanding of the psychology of innovation adoption, this paper integrates insights from research on emotions in psychology with a systematic review of the literature on consumer emotions in innovation adoption. Drawing on well-established theories of emotions and decision-making, we derive five fundamental dimensions that help define the role of emotions in the consumer adoption of innovations. A systematic review of existing evidence within the specific field of innovation adoption summarises the existing evidence through the lens of the five dimensions. The contributions of the paper are twofold. First, the paper offers a novel perspective that provides a deeper understanding of emotions as a psychological mechanism enabling or impeding innovation adoption. Second, we set an agenda for invigorating research in this important domain

Why consumer animosity reduces product quality perceptions: The role of extreme emotions in international crises

School of Business and Management, Queen Mary University of Londo