Significance of mycorrhizal symbiosis in invasiveness of Pinus strobus

6 Abstract This study aimed to compare the mycorrhizal fungal communities inhabiting the roots of invasive Pinus strobus L. and native Pinus sylvestris L. We also compared carbon allocation into ectomycorrhizal fungal (EcMf) and other structures of the two pine species. The aim was to assess the influence of mycorrhiza on the invasive potential of P. strobus in the protected areas of National Park Bohemian Switzerland. The two field experiments were conducted on three locations of each species. We estimated the EcM extramatrical mycelium (EMM) production by measuring the ergosterol content in sterile sand filled mesh-bags. Next measured variables were: biomass of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic sporocarps, fine roots biomass and leaf litter biomass to compare the one season production of each measured variables. The results revealed a major difference in EcM sporocarps production, whereas on the P. sylvestris sites was the production 100% higher. Same results came from the fine roots measurements: P. sylvestris had a higher fine roots production, which may be also related with the production of EMM, which was about 60% higher as well. The EcMf species richness on the P. strobus root-tips was as high as the native pine, but the species composition was different. The P. strobus prefers EcMf species with..

Wood wide web - plant mycelial interconnections

Mykorhizní mycelium může tvořit kontinuální síť (tzv. myceliální síť) a propojovat řadu rostlin nebo i celé společenstvo v daném ekosystému. Sdílené myceliální sítě mají v rostlinném světě řadu důležitých fyziologických a ekologických důsledků. Předkládaná práce si klade za cíl vytvořit přehled o současných poznatcích týkajících se myceliálního propojení rostlin. Dalším cílem je zhodnotit závěry jednotlivých pozorování a experimentů, které byly na toto téma uskutečněny. Úvodní kapitoly 1 a 2 popisují jednotlivé typy mykorhizních symbióz (arbuskulární, orchideoidní, ektomykorhiza, erikoidní a monotropoidní mykorhizní symbióza), jejich charakteristiky a schopnost tvořit myceliální propojení rostlin. V následujících kapitolách 3 a 4 jsou popsány ekofyziologické důsledky myceliálního propojení rostlin, jako např. udržování stability rostlinných populací, parazitování invazních rostlin na CMN, hypotéza rostlinných společenstev a meta sítí. Skrze mycelium mykorhizních hub může docházet k přenosu různých látek mezi dvěma a více rostlinami. Jsou to jednak minerální látky (zejména dusík a fosfor), ale třeba i uhlíkaté organické látky, voda, signální látky apod. Myceliální sítě umožňují vznik ekologických fenoménů jako je mixotrofie a mykoheterotrofie, epiparazitizmus či efekt chůvy. Poslední část práce...Mycorrhizal mycelium may form a continuous network (commnon mycorrhizal network - CMN) and connect a number of plants or even entire community in an ecosystem. In the Plant World, CMNs have a number of important physiological and ecological consequences. The present work aims to create a review on current knowledge of CMNs and the associated Wood Wide Web. The next objective is to evaluate the results of individual observations and experiments that have been made on this topic. The introductory chapters 1 and 2 describe the various types of mycorrhizal symbioses (i.e., arbuscular mycorrhiza, orchid mycorrhiza, ectomycorrhiza, ericoid and monotropoid mycorrhiza), their characteristics and ability to create CMNs. The following chapters 3 and 4 describe ecophysiological consequences of common mycorrhizal networks such as maintaining stability of plant populations, invasive plants which exploit CMNs, plant communities and the hypothesis of meta-networks. Mycorrhizal mycelium allows transfer of various substances between two plants. The transferred substances include mineral nutrients (especially nitrogen and phosphorus), but also carbon organic compounds, water, signal substances, etc. The last part summarizes the knowledge on CMN, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different experimental...Katedra experimentální biologie rostlinDepartment of Experimental Plant BiologyPřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc

Wood wide web - plant mycelial interconnections

Mycorrhizal mycelium may form a continuous network (commnon mycorrhizal network - CMN) and connect a number of plants or even entire community in an ecosystem. In the Plant World, CMNs have a number of important physiological and ecological consequences. The present work aims to create a review on current knowledge of CMNs and the associated Wood Wide Web. The next objective is to evaluate the results of individual observations and experiments that have been made on this topic. The introductory chapters 1 and 2 describe the various types of mycorrhizal symbioses (i.e., arbuscular mycorrhiza, orchid mycorrhiza, ectomycorrhiza, ericoid and monotropoid mycorrhiza), their characteristics and ability to create CMNs. The following chapters 3 and 4 describe ecophysiological consequences of common mycorrhizal networks such as maintaining stability of plant populations, invasive plants which exploit CMNs, plant communities and the hypothesis of meta-networks. Mycorrhizal mycelium allows transfer of various substances between two plants. The transferred substances include mineral nutrients (especially nitrogen and phosphorus), but also carbon organic compounds, water, signal substances, etc. The last part summarizes the knowledge on CMN, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different experimental..

Biotic threats to garden monuments: algae, cyanobacteria and invasive plant species

Chateau, city parks and gardens are perceived as harmonious parts of the landscape. Unfortunately, even these areas have to face various threats, and they can be a threat to the surrounding environment. The exhibition /catalogue presents a look at the organisms that threaten parks. These threats cover unwelcomed invaders covering invasive plants and small microorganisms in the soil, on facades, statues or in water. On the other hand, some species that are intentionally brought to the parks can be risky not only the gardens themselves but also their surroundings