EVALUACIÓN DE LA ANTIBIOSIS DE CUATRO VARIEDADES DE TOMATE Lycopersicon esculentum A LA PALOMILLA Tuta absoluta ( Lepidóptera: Gelechiidae)

El experimento fue realizado en el laboratorio de la División de Entomología del Departamento de Protección Vegetal, de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, bajo condiciones controladas de temperatura: 25 ± 5ºC, humedad relativa de 70 ± 10% y fotoperiodo de 12 horas. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la antibiosis de las variedades de tomate Santa Cruz Kada Gigante, Floradade y Jumbo, sobre la palomillaTuta absoluta. Los resultados indican que la fase larval más prolongada se observó en la variedad Jumbo, con una media de 9,636 ± 1,16 días y la fase pupal de mayor duración en Jumbo y Santa Cruz Kada Gigante. El menor peso de pupas hembras se registró en Floradade con 3,455 ± 0,99mg y el mayor porcentaje de deformación de pupas en Floradade y Santa Cruz Kada Gigante (6,7%). La menor longevidad se obtuvo en Santa Clara, con una duración de 22,2 ± 9,20 días. Las palomillas criadas con la variedad Floradade presentaron la menor fecundidad, con un total de 119,2 ± 82,99 huevos. Considerando los efectos de las diferentes variedades de tomate sobre la biología de la palomilla, se concluye que la Santa Cruz es la que presenta mayor antibiosis

Envisioning carbon-smart and just urban green infrastructure

To address the inter-connected climate and biodiversity crises, it is crucial to understand how multifunctional urban green infrastructure (UGI) is perceived to contribute to carbon neutrality, biodiversity, human well-being, and justice outcomes in cities. We explore how urban residents, including youth, associate carbon-related meanings with multifunctional UGI and how these meanings relate to co-benefits to biodiversity, well-being, and broader sustainability outcomes. Our findings are based on a survey distributed among urban residents of Helsinki, Finland (n = 487) and reveal how carbon-related meanings of UGI manifest at different levels of abstraction, agency, and scale, and incorporate community values and concerns attributed to the planning, features, functions, and transformational dimensions of UGI. Core carbon-related meanings of UGI emphasize either actions towards sustainability, carbon neutrality, biodiversity, or unfamiliarity towards such meanings. Perceived justice concerns and the socio-demographic contexts of the respondents covaried with carbon-related meanings associated with UGI. The results illustrate community perceptions of how it is not only possible, but rather expected, that multifunctional UGI is harnessed to tackle climate change, human well-being, and biodiversity loss in cities. Challenges for implementing the carbon-related benefits of UGI include navigating the different expectations placed on UGI and including residents with diverse socio-economic backgrounds during the process. Our findings contribute to a holistic understanding of how multifunctional UGI can help bridge policy agendas related to carbon neutrality, biodiversity protection, and human well-being that cities can implement when aiming for sustainable, just, and socially acceptable transitions towards a good Anthropocene.Peer reviewe

Impact of nutritional stress on the honeybee colony health

Honeybees Apis mellifera are important pollinators of wild plants and commercial crops. For more than a decade, high percentages of honeybee colony losses have been reported worldwide. Nutritional stress due to habitat depletion, infection by different pests and pathogens and pesticide exposure has been proposed as the major causes. In this study we analyzed how nutritional stress affects colony strength and health. Two groups of colonies were set in a Eucalyptus grandis plantation at the beginning of the flowering period (autumn), replicating a natural scenario with a nutritionally poor food source. While both groups of colonies had access to the pollen available in this plantation, one was supplemented with a polyfloral pollen patty during the entire flowering period. In the short-term, colonies under nutritional stress (which consumed mainly E. grandis pollen) showed higher infection level with Nosema spp. and lower brood and adult bee population, compared to supplemented colonies. On the other hand, these supplemented colonies showed higher infection level with RNA viruses although infection levels were low compared to countries were viral infections have negative impacts. Nutritional stress also had long-term colony effects, because bee population did not recover in spring, as in supplemented colonies did. In conclusion, nutritional stress and Nosema spp. infection had a severe impact on colony strength with consequences in both short and long-term

Productivity, cold hardiness and forage quality of spineless progeny of the Opuntia ficus−indica 1281 x O. lindheimerii 1250 cross in Mendoza plain, Argentina

Abstract The specialized photosynthetic system, Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) in cactus that provides several fold greater conversion of water to dry matter (DM) than grasses and broadleaf plants makes them especially suited for forage production in arid lands. Unfortunately the spineless fast growing Opuntia ficus−indica, that is widely used for forage in Brazil, North Africa and Mexico, is poorly adapted to regions outside the tropics due to lack of tolerance to freezing weather. To overcome this limitation, a wide interspecific cross was made between a fast growing, spineless, frost sensitive O. ficus−indica and spiny, cold tolerant, slow growing Texas native O. lindheimerii with the objective of combining the high productivity and spinelessness of the O. ficus−indica parent with the cold hardiness of the Texas native parent. The first part of this work compared 10 spineless progeny of this cross to the most cold hardy spineless forage species to date, i.e. O. ellisiana for forage production and crude protein (CP) content in Mendoza, Argentina (520 m elevation and 33º S latitude), where O. ficus−indica does not survive winters. Some of these progeny had 5 times greater productivity than O. ellisiana with equivalent cold tolerance. As previous Argentine Opuntia productivity trials were N limited, the responsiveness of these progeny to 3 rates of N fertilization was examined. It was found that N application stimulated about a 4 fold increases in dry biomass per plant compared to the treatment in which N was not added (12.7 and 3.2 kg DM plant −1 , respectively) and an almost doubling in CP content of the 1−year−old cladodes (7.8 and 4.3% DM, respectively). None of the CP concentrations were high enough to meet the requirements of a 400−kg live weight lactating cow (10%), but the dose/N response did not appear to have reached a plateau. To determine the productivity per unit area, one trial with clone 42 was established. This clone produced a biomass of 40 t DM ha −1 in 4 years with a total of 625 mm rainfall. This is the greatest DM production recorded to date for such a low rainfall. This DM production corresponds to a carrying capacity of 0.76 Animal Unit (AU) ha −1 . Future trials with the most productive and cold hardy of these spineless hybrid progeny, in combination with higher N fertilization levels that can meet lactating cow requirements are needed in additional test sites with more severe freezing weather regimes. Also, would be important to compare different ways to capture fertilizers such as to apply frequent, low application rates instead of an annual application as we done in the present study, taken into account the characteristics of the root mass of Opuntia. J. PACD (2011) 13: 48−62 49 Other interesting alternative to prove for reducing the use of N−fertilizer could be to test if endophytic nitrogen−fixing bacteria such as Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus fixes N with Opuntia

FREQUENCY OF PATHOGENS ISOLATED IN CLINICAL CASES OF CANINE PIODERMA AND ITS ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY

La dermatitis bacteriana canina, comúnmente conocida como piodermia, es una de las principales enfermedades dermatológicas observadas en la clínica veterinaria. El presente estudio retrospectivo tuvo como objetivo determinar la frecuencia de los diferentes agentes bacterianos involucrados con esta enfermedad y los antibióticos que presentan mejor actividad inhibidora frente a los principales microorganismos patógenos. Para tal fin, se analizaron los registros de resultados de aislamiento bacteriano y antibiograma del Laboratorio de Bacteriología de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, durante el periodo 2000-2006. El Staphlococcus intermedius fue la especie más aislada (70.6%). Los antibióticos más efectivos fueron de la familia de las cefalosporinas como el ceftiofur y la cefalexina, mientras que la penicilina fue la que presentó mayor índice de resistencia.The canine bacterial dermatitis, commonly known as pyoderma is one of the main skin diseases in the veterinary practice. The present retrospective study had the objective to determine the frequency of the bacteriological agents involved with the disease and the antibiotics that show better antimicrobiobial susceptibility. Laboratory records of bacterial isolation and antibiogram of the Laboratory of Bacteriology of the Veterinary Medicine Faculty, San Marcos University, Lima, were analyzed. Staphlococcus intermedius was the most commonly isolated species (70.6%). The most effective antibiotics were from the Cephalosporin family, especially the ceftiofur and cefalexin, and penicillin was the antibiotic with higher resistance index

ATRIBUTOS DE CALIDAD DEL GRANO Y LA SÉMOLA DE TRIGO CANDEAL CULTIVADO EN EL DEPARTAMENTO CAPITAL DE LA PROVINCIA DE LA PAMPA

Winter cereals are important in the agricultural production of the semi-arid central Pampas region and among them the most widespread is bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this area, durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf) is not yet cultivated, although it is a crop with good performance for semi-arid zones. Grain and semolina industrial quality of four genotypes of wheat durum cultivated in the Capital department in the province of La Pampa, Argentina, under different nitrogen availability were analyzed. Field work was carried out with four genotypes: Bonaerense INTA Cariló, Ciccio, Buck Cristal and Concadoro and two levels of nitrogen availability in tillering and flowering. There were significant differences among cultivars in all studied characteristics. Nitrogen fertilization increased in some genotypes grain protein concentration and vitreousness. The percent of vitreousness and the yellow pigment content were low, and in the semolina dough there was a high loss of pigment due to the processing associated with the lipoxigenasa activity. Semolina had a high glutenin/gliadin ratio indicating that it would be strong gluten. These results showed that grain and semolina quality attributes were satisfactory although it is necessary to continue generating industrial quality information, evaluating the response of others cultivars particularly, chosen genotypes that allow the optimization of nitrogen fertilization in La Pampa province.Los cereales de invierno son importantes en la producción agropecuaria de la región semiárida pampeana central y dentro de ellos el más difundido es el trigo pan (Triticum aestivum L.). En esta zona no se cultiva aún el trigo candeal (Triticum durum Desf), aunque es un cultivo con buena performance para zonas semiáridas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la calidad industrial del grano y la sémola de cuatro genotipos de trigo candeal cultivados en el departamento Capital de la provincia de La Pampa, Argentina, bajo diferente disponibilidad de nitrógeno. Se trabajó a campo con cuatro genotipos: Bonaerense INTA Cariló, Ciccio, Buck Cristal y Concadoro y dos niveles de disponibilidad de nitrógeno en macollaje y floración. Se observó diferencias entre los genotipos en todas las variables estudiadas. La fertilización nitrogenada aumentó en algunos genotipos la concentración de proteína en grano y la vitreosidad. El porcentaje de vitreosidad y el contenido de pigmento amarillo fueron bajos y en la masa de sémola hubo una alta pérdida de pigmento por el procesamiento asociado a la actividad de la lipoxigenasa. La sémola tuvo una alta relación gluteninas/gliadinas, indicando que se trataría de un gluten fuerte. Estos resultados pusieron en evidencia que los atributos de calidad del grano y la sémola fueron satisfactorios, aunque es necesario continuar generando información de la calidad industrial, evaluando la respuesta de otros cultivares, particularmente eligiendo genotipos que permitan la optimización de la fertilización nitrogenada en la provincia de La Pampa

ATP5H/KCTD2 locus is associated with Alzheimer's disease risk

To identify loci associated with Alzheimer disease, we conducted a three-stage analysis using existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genotyping in a new sample. In Stage I, all suggestive single-nucleotide polymorphisms (at P<0.001) in a previously reported GWAS of seven independent studies (8082 Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases; 12 040 controls) were selected, and in Stage II these were examined in an in silico analysis within the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology consortium GWAS (1367 cases and 12904 controls). Six novel signals reaching P<5 × 10-6 were genotyped in an independent Stage III sample (the Fundació ACE data set) of 2200 sporadic AD patients and 2301 controls. We identified a novel association with AD in the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F0 (ATP5H)/Potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing protein 2 (KCTD2) locus, which reached genome-wide significance in the combined discovery and genotyping sample (rs11870474, odds ratio (OR)=1.58, P=2.6 × 10 -7 in discovery and OR=1.43, P=0.004 in Fundació ACE data set; combined OR=1.53, P=4.7 × 10 -9). This ATP5H/KCTD2 locus has an important function in mitochondrial energy production and neuronal hyperpolarization during cellular stress conditions, such as hypoxia or glucose deprivation

The membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A (MS4A) gene cluster contains a common variant associated with Alzheimer's disease

Background\ud In order to identify novel loci associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in the Spanish population.\ud \ud Methods\ud We genotyped 1,128 individuals using the Affymetrix Nsp I 250K chip. A sample of 327 sporadic AD patients and 801 controls with unknown cognitive status from the Spanish general population were included in our initial study. To increase the power of the study, we combined our results with those of four other public GWAS datasets by applying identical quality control filters and the same imputation methods, which were then analyzed with a global meta-GWAS. A replication sample with 2,200 sporadic AD patients and 2,301 controls was genotyped to confirm our GWAS findings.\ud \ud Results\ud Meta-analysis of our data and independent replication datasets allowed us to confirm a novel genome-wide significant association of AD with the membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A (MS4A) gene cluster (rs1562990, P = 4.40E-11, odds ratio = 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.85 to 0.91, n = 10,181 cases and 14,341 controls).\ud \ud Conclusions\ud Our results underscore the importance of international efforts combining GWAS datasets to isolate genetic loci for complex diseases