Function spaces defined by means of oscillation, with application

In the mathematical literature, a plethora of different meanings and formal definitions have been associated to the word "oscillation". In this text we will explore some of the function spaces defined by means of oscillation, in many different senses of the word, fitting into two modes: spaces in which oscillation is bounded and spaces in which oscillation is vanishing, i.e. arbitrarily small when measured on a sufficiently small set. This general framework will be made precise in a diversity of ways. The outline of the thesis is the following. In the first chapter a very large space of functions introduced by Brezis, Bourgain and Mironescu in 2015 and often denoted as $B$ is introduced. In Chapter 2 we explore the space of Lipschitz functions, in the most general setting of an arbitrary compact metric space and together with other function spaces from the family of Holder spaces. The last section of the Chapter 2 is devoted to some results obtained in the field of Optimal Control Theory. In Chapter $3$ we introduce Orlicz spaces for any choice of a Young function $\Psi$ and the closure of $L^\infty$ in $L^\Psi$, also known as the Morse space $M^\Psi$. We individuate a large subfamily of Orlicz spaces for which $(L^\Psi,M^\Psi)$ fits into a mathematical framework by K.M. Perfekt, deriving many functional properties of the couple.\\ In particular, in the last section of this chapter, we discuss some applications to the regularity of minima of some functionals in the calculus of variations. Chapters 4 and 5 are dedicated to the spaces $BMO$ and $VMO$ and their respective subcones $BLO$ and $VLO$, concluding the text with discussion of what are arguably the most natural "children" of the very large space $B$ discussed at the beginning

No-Trade in the Laboratory

We test the no-trade theorem in a laboratory nancial market where subjects can trade an asset whose value is unknown. Subjects receive clues on the asset value and then set a bid and an ask at which they are willing to buy or to sell from the other participants. In treatments with no gains from trade, theory predicts no trading activity, whereas, in treatments with gains, trade becomes theoretically possible. Our experimental results show that subjects fail to reach the no-trade equilibrium by pure introspection, but they learn to approach it over time, through market feedback and learning.

INNOVATION AND KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER MECHANISMS IN AN “ENGAGED” UNIVERSITY. THE CASE OF THE “FEDERICO II" SAN GIOVANNI HUB (SGH)

What happens when a former industrial area (dismissed for nearly 20 years) is replaced by a knowledge-intensive Hub hosting: a University Campus, research centres and laboratories, firms, and a hybrid form of advanced education programmes in partnership with global-scale companies? The present research aims at defining the scope of such emerging phenomenon occurring in a peripheral suburb in the East area of the city of Naples (Italy), and characterised by the settlement of a knowledge intensive Hub involving innovation, technology and knowledge transfer processes. The main subject of the study is the San Giovanni a Teduccio “Federico II” University Hub, a university campus and research centre hosted by a peripheral urban suburb in the East area of Naples and herein named the San Giovanni Hub (“SGH”) or simply the “Hub”

No-Trade in the Laboratory

We test the no-trade theorem in a laboratory financial market where subjects can trade an asset whose value is unknown. Subjects receive clues on the asset value and then set a bid and an ask at which they are willing to buy or to sell from the other participants. In treatments with no gains from trade, theory predicts no trading activity, whereas, in treatments with gains, trade becomes theoretically possible. Our experimental results show that subjects fail to reach the no-trade equilibrium by pure introspection, but they learn to approach it over time,through market feedback and learning.no-trade theorem, experiment

In Vivo Corrosion of Two Novel Magnesium Alloys ZEK100 and AX30 and Their Mechanical Suitability as Biodegradable Implants

In magnesium alloys, the components used modify the alloy properties. For magnesium implants in contact with bone, rare earths alloys are commonly examined. These were shown to have a higher corrosion resistance than other alloys and a high mechanical strength, but their exact composition is hard to predict. Therefore a reduction of their content could be favorable. The alloys ZEK100 and AX30 have a reduced content or contain no rare earths at all. The aim of the study was to investigate their in vivo degradation and to assess the suitability of the in vivo μCT for the examination of their corrosion. Implants were inserted in rabbit tibiae. Clinical examinations, X-rays and in vivo μCT scans were done regularly. Afterwards implants were analyzed with REM, electron dispersive X-ray (EDX), weighing and mechanical testing. The in vivo μCT is of great advantage, because it allows a quantification of the corrosion rate and qualitative 3D assessment of the corrosion morphology. The location of the implant has a remarkable effect on the corrosion rate. Due to its mechanical characteristics and its corrosion behavior, ZEK100 was judged to be suitable, while AX30, which displays favorable degradation behavior, has too little mechanical strength for applications in weight bearing bones

Increased accumulation of magnetic nanoparticles by magnetizable implant materials for the treatment of implant-associated complications

Background: In orthopaedic surgery, accumulation of agents such as anti-infectives in the bone as target tissue is difficult. The use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as carriers principally enables their accumulation via an externally applied magnetic field. Magnetizable implants are principally able to increase the strength of an externally applied magnetic field to reach also deep-seated parts in the body. Therefore, the integration of bone-addressed therapeutics in MNPs and their accumulation at a magnetic orthopaedic implant could improve the treatment of implant related infections. In this study a martensitic steel platelet as implant placeholder was used to examine its accumulation and retention capacity of MNPs in an in vitro experimental set up considering different experimental frame conditions as magnet quantity and distance to each other, implant thickness and flow velocity.Results: The magnetic field strength increased to approximately 112% when a martensitic stainless steel platelet was located between the magnet poles. Therewith a significantly higher amount of magnetic nanoparticles could be accumulated in the area of the platelet compared to the sole magnetic field. During flushing of the tube system mimicking the in vivo blood flow, the magnetized platelet was able to retain a higher amount of MNPs without an external magnetic field compared to the set up with no mounted platelet during flushing of the system. Generally, a higher flow velocity led to lower amounts of accumulated MNPs. A higher quantity of magnets and a lower distance between magnets led to a higher magnetic field strength. Albeit not significantly the magnetic field strength tended to increase with thicker platelets.Conclusion: A martensitic steel platelet significantly improved the attachment of magnetic nanoparticles in an in vitro flow system and therewith indicates the potential of magnetic implant materials in orthopaedic surgery. The use of a remanent magnetic implant material could improve the efficiency of capturing MNPs especially when the external magnetic field is turned off thus facilitating and prolonging the effect. In this way higher drug levels in the target area might be attained resulting in lower inconveniences for the patient

VoIP over WLAN: What about the Presence of Radio Interference?

In this chapter, the performance of VoIP over WLAN is analyzed under the effect of physical layer interference, in the presence and absence of cross-traffic. The goal is twofold: first to underline the importance of radio interference in the behavior of a WLAN when supporting VoIP applications; second to outline solutions to avoid interference and thus optimizing a VoIP call over aWLAN. To this aim, an experimental approach based on cross-layermeasurements is adopted, describing and commenting meaningful results obtained from a number of experiments conducted by the authors on a testbed operating in a semi-anechoic chamber and emulating two typical real life scenarios