El papel de los trabajadores sociales en los equipos de orientación educativa y psicopedagógica

La intervención con menores es uno de los ámbitos clave en el Trabajo Social. Dicha intervención en el sistema educativo formal se lleva a cabo a través de los Equipos de Orientación Educativa y Psicopedagógica, en los que el trabajador social puede intervenir a través de la figura de “Profesor Técnico en la especialidad de Servicios a la Comunidad”. Nuestro papel está presente y ha evolucionado en el sistema educativo desde los años 70 hasta la actualidad donde tenemos el principal objetivo de garantizar una atención integral y defender los derechos de los alumnos. A lo largo de este Trabajo Fin de Grado conoceremos la realidad del sistema educativo, en donde tienen que intervenir estos equipos, así como la estructura de los equipos de orientación, el papel del trabajador social en ellos y sus principales herramientas y funciones. Profundizaremos también en los Equipos de Orientación en la ciudad de Valladolid y los conoceremos más detalladamente gracias a las entrevistas realizadas a los profesionales.Grado en Trabajo Socia

Extracting Patient-Related Description from Medical Records in Bulgarian

This paper deals with the extraction of medical information from hospital patient records. It proposes a cascade approach for the extraction of multi-layer knowledge statements because the subject is too complex. We sketch the Information Extraction view to text analysis, where patient-related facts are recognised using predefined regular expressions and templates. A laboratory prototype for patient status ex- traction is presented together with the first evaluation results

Research Of Economic Development Of Territorial Subjects Of The Russian Federation With Use Of Multiple-Factor Model

The article is proposed and considered multiple-factor model analysis of development of regions of the Russian Federation. The idea of building a spatial model was based on the methodology of modified ABC-analysis, where as the main characteristics were considered: the production of goods and services, the dynamics of production and volume of innovative products and services in the region. The results of the analysis are of great practical importance for the development of the strategy of strengthening the unity of the economic space and innovative development of our country

Research on the knowledge and its application in regard to the medical standard for the prevention and control of in-hospital infections

Проучването на знанията и приложението им в медицинската практиката дават възможност за отразяване на мащаба и причините за появата и разпространението на вътреболничните инфекции (ВБИ). Постигане на една по-безопасна болнична среда е приоритет в усилията за гарантиране на едно по-добро качество на здравни грижи.Цел и задачи:1. Да проучим познаването и приложението на Медицинския стандарт за превенция и контрол на вътреболничните инфекции в лечебни заведения, бази за обучение на медицински сестри и акушерки (Варна, Русе) и такива, които не са бази (Добрич), т.е. нямат такива функции. 2. Предпазни мерки за персонала в лечебните заведения: преболедували ВХВ, изследване за носителство на HВsAg, имунизация против ВХВ, ползване на лични предпазни средства, дезинфекции, стерилизация.Материали: Анкетна карта за оценка на нивото на познание на Медицинския стандарт за превенция и контрол на вътреболничните инфекции в медицинската практика, утвърдена от КЕНИ – Варна през ноември 2017 г., с декларация за информирано съгласие.Методи: анкетен, статистически, графичен.Резултати: Проучени са 262 души чрез анкети (доброволни, анонимни), съдържащи 25 въпроса, от които два открити и 23 закрити. Проучването е проведено през периода февруари–май 2018 г. Установихме познаване на Медицинския стандарт за превенция и контрол на вътреболничните инфекции от практикуващите медицински сестри и акушерки в четирите медицински заведения в 89,31%, притежават стандарта 4,58%, разглеждали са го 17,55%, чели са го 27,86%, съобразяват се с изискванията в него 39,31%.Изводи: Познаването на изискванията и приложението в практиката е на високо ниво в двете групи лечебни заведения. Подчертано се дава превес на работата в екип: Добрич 98%, УМБАЛ – Русе АД – 100%, Комплексен онкологичен център (КОЦ) 66,66%, Варна 87,17%. Стерилизацията на инструменти се извършва в централна стерилизационна средно в 86,92%, сух стерилизатор в 1,92%, антоклав в 5,76%, без данни в 5,38%. Най-добре се спазва наредбата за разделно събиране на отпадъците.Introduction: The study of the knowledge and its application in medical practice makes it possible to reflect the scale and causes of the onset and spread of nosocomial infections. Achieving a safer hospital environment is a priority in the efforts to ensure a better quality of health care.Aim: The aim of this article is to investigate the knowledge and its application in the medical standard for the prevention and control of in-hospital infections in medical institutions, training centers for nurses and midwives (Varna, Ruse) and non-bases (Dobrich), they do not have such functions. This article studies also the precautions needed for the safety of the staff in medical establishments: information about patients who have suffered viral hepatitis B, HbsAg carrier test, immunization against viral hepatitis B, use of personal protective equipment, disinfection, sterilization.Materials and Methods: A questionnaire for assessing the level of knowledge of the medical standard for the prevention and control of in-hospital infections in medical practice, endorsed by the Ethics Committee in Varna in November 2017, with a declaration of informed consent, was used. The methods applied included a questionnaire in addition to statistical and graphical methods.Results: A total of 7 262 people were interviewed (volunteers with guaranteed anonimity). The questionnaire contained 25 questions, of which two were open-ended and 23 were closed-ended. The study was conducted in the period February - May 2018. We established knowledge of the medical standard for prevention and control of nosocomial infections in the group of practicing nurses and midwives in the four medical establishments with the share of those aware of it being 89.31%. The share of those having the standard  was 4.58%, 17.55% had a look at it, 27.86% have read it, and 39.31% comply with the requirements in it.Conclusion: The knowledge of the requirements and its application in practice is at a high level in the two groups of medical institutions. Team work is placed as most important with the percentages being as follows: Dobrich 98%, University Hospital of Rousse - 100%, Rousse Oncology Center – 66.66% , Varna 87.17%. The sterilization of instruments is done in a central sterilization unit in an average of 86.92% of the cases, dry sterilizer - in 1.92%, autoclave - in 5.76%, and there is no information provided for 5.38%. The Ordinance on Separate Waste Collection is complied with

Antitumor activity of Bulgarian herb Tribulus terrestris L. on human breast cancer cells

Medicinal plants have been intensively studied as a source of antitumor compounds. Due to the beneficial climate conditions Bulgarian herbs have high pharmacological potential. Currently, the antitumor effect of the Bulgarian medicinal plant Tribulus terrestris L. on human cancer cell lines is not studied. The main active compounds of the plant are the steroid saponins.The present study aims to analyze the effect on cell viability and apoptotic activity of total extract and saponin fraction of Bulgarian Tribulus terrestris L. on human breast cancer (MCF7) and normal (MCF10A) cell lines. Antitumor effect was established by МТТ cell viability assay and assessment of apoptotic potential was done through analysis of genomic integrity (DNA fragmentation assay) and analysis of morphological cell changes (Fluorescence microscopy). The results showed that total extract of the herb has a marked dose-dependent inhibitory effect on viability of MCF7 cells (half maximal inhibitory concentration is 15 μg/ml). Cell viability of MCF10A was moderately decreased without visible dose-dependent effect. The saponin fraction has increased inhibitory effect on breast cancer cells compared to total extract. Morphological changes and DNA fragmentation were observed as markers for early and late apoptosis predominantly in tumor cells after treatment. Apoptotic processes were intensified with the increase of treatment duration.The obtained results are the first showing selective antitumor activity of Bulgarian Tribulus terrestris L. on human cancer cells in vitro. Apoptotic processes are involved in the antitumor mechanisms induced by the herb. This results give directions for future investigations concerning detailed assessment of its pharmacological potential

Nrf2 depletion in the context of loss-of-function Keap1 leads to mitolysosome accumulation

Transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the principal determinant of the cellular redox homeostasis, contributing to mitochondrial function, integrity and bioenergetics. The main negative regulator of Nrf2 is Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1), a substrate adaptor for Cul3/Rbx1 ubiquitin ligase, which continuously targets Nrf2 for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Loss-of-function mutations in Keap1 occur frequently in lung cancer, leading to constitutive Nrf2 activation. We used the human lung cancer cell line A549 and its CRISPR/Cas9-generated homozygous Nrf2-knockout (Nrf2-KO) counterpart to assess the role of Nrf2 on mitochondrial health. To confirm that the observed effects of Nrf2 deficiency are not due to clonal selection or long-term adaptation to the absence of Nrf2, we also depleted Nrf2 by siRNA (siNFE2L2), thus creating populations of Nrf2-knockdown (Nrf2-KD) A549 cells. Nrf2 deficiency decreased mitochondrial respiration, but increased the mitochondrial membrane potential, mass, DNA content, and the number of mitolysosomes. The proportion of ATG7 and ATG3 within their respective LC3B conjugates was increased in Nrf2-deficient cells with mutant Keap1, whereas the formation of new autophagosomes was not affected. Thus, in lung cancer cells with loss-of-function Keap1, Nrf2 facilitates mitolysosome degradation thereby ensuring timely clearance of damaged mitochondria

Plasma-Induced Surface Modification of Sapphire and Its Influence on Graphene Grown by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition

[EN] In this work, we study the influence of the different surface terminations of c-plane sapphire substrates on the synthesis of graphene via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The different terminations of the sapphire surface are controlled by a plasma process. A design of experiments procedure was carried out to evaluate the major effects governing the plasma process of four different parameters: i.e., discharge power, time, pressure and gas employed. In the characterization of the substrate, two sapphire surface terminations were identified and characterized by means of contact angle measurements, being a hydrophilic (hydrophobic) surface and the fingerprint of an Al- (OH-) terminated surface, respectively. The defects within the synthesized graphene were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. Notably, we found that the ID/IG ratio decreases for graphene grown on OH-terminated surfaces. Furthermore, two different regimes related to the nature of graphene defects were identified and, depending on the sapphire terminated surface, are bound either to vacancy or boundary-like defects. Finally, studying the density of defects and the crystallite area, as well as their relationship with the sapphire surface termination, paves the way for increasing the crystallinity of the synthesized graphene.M.S.L. acknowledges financial support from the Generalitat Valenciana (Project: CIAPOS/2021/293). V.J.G. acknowledges financial support from the Generalitat Valenciana (CDEIGENT/ 2020/009). E.P.C. acknowledges financial support from the Generalitat Valenciana (SEJIGENT/2021/ 039). All authors acknowledge financial support from AGENCIA ESTATAL DE INVESTIGACIÓN of Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (PID2020-118855RB-I00 and PID2021-128442NA-I00) and to the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (IDIFEDER/2020/041, IDIFEDER/2021/061). This study formed part of the Advanced Materials program and was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MCIN) with funding from European Union NextGenerationEU (PRTR-C17.I1) and by Generalitat Valenciana (MFA/2022/025).Sinusia Lozano, M.; Bernat-Montoya, I.; Ivanova-Angelova, T.; Boscá Mojena, A.; Díaz-Fernández, FJ.; Kovylina-Zabyako, M.; Martínez, A.... (2023). Plasma-Induced Surface Modification of Sapphire and Its Influence on Graphene Grown by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition. Nanomaterials. 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano131319521

Pharmacological sequestration of mitochondrial calcium uptake protects against dementia and β-amyloid neurotoxicity

All forms of dementia including Alzheimer's disease are currently incurable. Mitochondrial dysfunction and calcium alterations are shown to be involved in the mechanism of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Previously we have described the ability of compound Tg-2112x to protect neurons via sequestration of mitochondrial calcium uptake and we suggest that it can also be protective against neurodegeneration and development of dementia. Using primary co-culture neurons and astrocytes we studied the effect of Tg-2112x and its derivative Tg-2113x on β-amyloid-induced changes in calcium signal, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial calcium, and cell death. We have found that both compounds had no effect on β-amyloid or acetylcholine-induced calcium changes in the cytosol although Tg2113x, but not Tg2112x reduced glutamate-induced calcium signal. Both compounds were able to reduce mitochondrial calcium uptake and protected cells against β-amyloid-induced mitochondrial depolarization and cell death. Behavioral effects of Tg-2113x on learning and memory in fear conditioning were also studied in 3 mouse models of neurodegeneration: aged (16-month-old) C57Bl/6j mice, scopolamine-induced amnesia (3-month-old mice), and 9-month-old 5xFAD mice. It was found that Tg-2113x prevented age-, scopolamine- and cerebral amyloidosis-induced decrease in fear conditioning. In addition, Tg-2113x restored fear extinction of aged mice. Thus, reduction of the mitochondrial calcium uptake protects neurons and astrocytes against β-amyloid-induced cell death and contributes to protection against dementia of different ethology. These compounds could be used as background for the developing of a novel generation of disease-modifying neuroprotective agents

Molecular Dynamics of Mesophilic-Like Mutants of a Cold-Adapted Enzyme: Insights into Distal Effects Induced by the Mutations

Networks and clusters of intramolecular interactions, as well as their “communication” across the three-dimensional architecture have a prominent role in determining protein stability and function. Special attention has been dedicated to their role in thermal adaptation. In the present contribution, seven previously experimentally characterized mutants of a cold-adapted α-amylase, featuring mesophilic-like behavior, have been investigated by multiple molecular dynamics simulations, essential dynamics and analyses of correlated motions and electrostatic interactions. Our data elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the ability of single and multiple mutations to globally modulate dynamic properties of the cold-adapted α-amylase, including both local and complex unpredictable distal effects. Our investigation also shows, in agreement with the experimental data, that the conversion of the cold-adapted enzyme in a warm-adapted variant cannot be completely achieved by the introduction of few mutations, also providing the rationale behind these effects. Moreover, pivotal residues, which are likely to mediate the effects induced by the mutations, have been identified from our analyses, as well as a group of suitable candidates for protein engineering. In fact, a subset of residues here identified (as an isoleucine, or networks of mesophilic-like salt bridges in the proximity of the catalytic site) should be considered, in experimental studies, to get a more efficient modification of the features of the cold-adapted enzyme