Harnessing the power of cell transplantation to target respiratory dysfunction following spinal cord injury.

The therapeutic benefit of cell transplantation has been assessed in a host of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including disorders of the spinal cord such as traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). The promise of cell transplantation to preserve and/or restore normal function can be aimed at a variety of therapeutic mechanisms, including replacement of lost or damaged CNS cell types, promotion of axonal regeneration or sprouting, neuroprotection, immune response modulation, and delivery of gene products such as neurotrophic factors, amongst other possibilities. Despite significant work in the field of transplantation in models of SCI, limited attention has been directed at harnessing the therapeutic potential of cell grafting for preserving respiratory function after SCI, despite the critical role pulmonary compromise plays in patient outcome in this devastating disease. Here, we will review the limited number of studies that have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of intraspinal transplantation of a variety of cell types for addressing respiratory dysfunction in SCI

Educators’ Perceptions of the Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition Model for Technology Integration

The Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition (SAMR) model has been introduced (Puentedura, 2006) claims that use of technology could predict student outcomes. School districts and educational institutions have been adopting this model in hopes to enhance the educational experience and outcomes for their students (SAMR Model, n.d.). This study explored six teachers’ and three administrators’ perception of the SAMR model in integrating technology into the classroom environment. This qualitative research, used surveys and interviews for indicative analysis using the constructivist approach. Data analysis found that educators using the SAMR model were and had a common level used for technology integration as well as a favorite level. This study also found the SAMR model changed teacher practices by encouraging them to integrate technology at a higher level. With regard to integrating technology, this study found three areas of agreement between teachers and administrators: teachers require increased planning time; the use of technology in the classroom can lead to off-task behavior; and when implemented correctly, digital tools increase student achievement. Furthermore, three new issues were found. First, educators suggested the SAMR model puts too much emphasis on higher-level integration. Second, educators mentioned an increase in off-task behavior when using technology. Third, educators believed the SAMR model is best used as a secondary consideration during lesson development. This study suggested three changes for the SAMR model. My first suggestion is to transform the SAMR model into a box-shaped diagram, opposed to its current hierarchical arrangement, to place equal significance on each level of technology integration. Second, it is recommended that the SAMR model be integrated into existing instructional design models. Third, new language added to digital citizenship standards to include behavior with technology

Transsulfuration pathway thiols and methylated arginines: the hunter community study

Background: Serum homocysteine, when studied singly, has been reported to be positively associated both with the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine [ADMA, via inhibition of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) activity] and with symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA). We investigated combined associations between transsulfuration pathway thiols, including homocysteine, and serum ADMA and SDMA concentrations at population level. Methods: Data on clinical and demographic characteristics, medication exposure, C-reactive protein, serum ADMA and SDMA (LC-MS/MS), and thiols (homocysteine, cysteine, taurine, glutamylcysteine, total glutathione, and cysteinylglycine; capillary electrophoresis) were collected from a sample of the Hunter Community Study on human ageing [n = 498, median age (IQR) = 64 (60–70) years]. Results: Regression analysis showed that: a) age (P = 0.001), gender (P = 0.03), lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, P = 0.08), body mass index (P = 0.008), treatment with beta-blockers (P = 0.03), homocysteine (P = 0.02), and glutamylcysteine (P = 0.003) were independently associated with higher ADMA concentrations; and b) age (P = 0.001), absence of diabetes (P = 0.001), lower body mass index (P = 0.01), lower eGFR (P&lt;0.001), cysteine (P = 0.007), and glutamylcysteine (P&lt;0.001) were independently associated with higher SDMA concentrations. No significant associations were observed between methylated arginines and either glutathione or taurine concentrations. Conclusions: After adjusting for clinical, demographic, biochemical, and pharmacological confounders the combined assessment of transsulfuration pathway thiols shows that glutamylcysteine has the strongest and positive independent associations with ADMA and SDMA. Whether this reflects a direct effect of glutamylcysteine on DDAH activity (for ADMA) and/or cationic amino acid transport requires further investigations.</br

Incorporating Emergy Synthesis into Environmental Law: An Integration of Ecology, Economics, and Law

Emergy synthesis, flrst developed by Dr. Howard T. Odum in the 1970s, and further expanded and refined by other scholars over the past thirty years, has the potential to transform environmental decisionmaking by providing a methodology that can integrate ecology, economics, and law. Virtually all areas of environmental law are concerned in some way with both the ecological and the economic impacts of environmental decision making. Unfortunately, existing environmental law statutes tend to incorporate ecological and economic considerations in a simplistic, piecemeal, and awkward fashion. Emergy synthesis incorporates both ecological and economic considerations through a sophisticated scientiic methodology. Emergy synthesis relies on the intrinsic value of a resource or service rather than relying on consumer preferences. Accordingly, emergy synthesis is referred to as a donor value system as it is based on the principle that the energy embodied in a resource or service determines its value. In recent years, emergy synthesis has reached a high level of sophistication with increasing acceptance by the scientific community and scholars worldwide. However, to date, this approach has not been embraced, or even seriously considered, by the legal community. This interdisciplinary Article explores the viability of incorporating the methods of emergy synthesis into environmental law and policy decision making. Specifically, this Article examines the viability of emergy synthesis in decision making by analyzing the advantages it offers and the mechanics of how to employ it in a variety of different contexts, using a number of existing statutory frameworks as illustrations, including the cost-benefit standard of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the pure science standard of the Endangered Species Act (ESA). This Article demonstrates that emergy synthesis has the potential, not only to inform the law, but also to revolutionize environmental decision making by providing a well-developed scientific methodology that addresses both ecological and economic considerations in a comprehensive manner

Incorporating Emergy Synthesis into Environmental Law: An Integration of Ecology, Economics, and Law

Emergy synthesis, flrst developed by Dr. Howard T. Odum in the 1970s, and further expanded and refined by other scholars over the past thirty years, has the potential to transform environmental decisionmaking by providing a methodology that can integrate ecology, economics, and law. Virtually all areas of environmental law are concerned in some way with both the ecological and the economic impacts of environmental decision making. Unfortunately, existing environmental law statutes tend to incorporate ecological and economic considerations in a simplistic, piecemeal, and awkward fashion. Emergy synthesis incorporates both ecological and economic considerations through a sophisticated scientiic methodology. Emergy synthesis relies on the intrinsic value of a resource or service rather than relying on consumer preferences. Accordingly, emergy synthesis is referred to as a donor value system as it is based on the principle that the energy embodied in a resource or service determines its value. In recent years, emergy synthesis has reached a high level of sophistication with increasing acceptance by the scientific community and scholars worldwide. However, to date, this approach has not been embraced, or even seriously considered, by the legal community. This interdisciplinary Article explores the viability of incorporating the methods of emergy synthesis into environmental law and policy decision making. Specifically, this Article examines the viability of emergy synthesis in decision making by analyzing the advantages it offers and the mechanics of how to employ it in a variety of different contexts, using a number of existing statutory frameworks as illustrations, including the cost-benefit standard of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the pure science standard of the Endangered Species Act (ESA). This Article demonstrates that emergy synthesis has the potential, not only to inform the law, but also to revolutionize environmental decision making by providing a well-developed scientific methodology that addresses both ecological and economic considerations in a comprehensive manner

Clinical and biochemical correlates of serum L-ergothioneine concentrations in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults

Background: Despite the increasing interest towards the biological role of L-ergothioneine, little is known about the serum concentrations of this unusual aminothiol in older adults. We addressed this issue in a representative sample of communitydwelling middle-aged and older adults. Methods: Body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum concentrations of L-ergothioneine, taurine, homocysteine, cysteine, glutathione, cysteinylglycine, and glutamylcysteine were evaluated in 439 subjects (age 55–85 years) randomly selected from the Hunter Community Study. Results: Median L-ergothioneine concentration in the entire cohort was 1.01 IQR 0.78–1.33 mmol/L. Concentrations were not affected by gender (P = 0.41) or by presence of chronic medical conditions (P = 0.15). By considering only healthy subjects, we defined a reference interval for L-ergothioneine serum concentrations from 0.36 (90% CI 0.31–0.44) to 3.08 (90% CI 2.45–3.76) mmol/L. Using stepwise multiple linear regression analysis L-ergothioneine was negatively correlated with age (rpartial =20.15; P = 0.0018) and with glutamylcysteine concentrations (rpartial =20.13; P = 0.0063). Conclusions: A thorough analysis of serum L-ergothioneine concentrations was performed in a large group of communitydwelling middle-aged and older adults. Reference intervals were established. Age and glutamylcysteine were independently negatively associated with L-ergothioneine serum concentration.</br

A New Tableau-based Satisfiability Checker for Linear Temporal Logic

Tableaux-based methods were among the first techniques proposed for Linear Temporal Logic satisfiability checking. The earliest tableau for LTL by [21] worked by constructing a graph whose path represented possible models for the formula, and then searching for an actual model among those paths. Subsequent developments led to the tree-like tableau by [17], which works by building a structure similar to an actual search tree, which however still has back-edges and needs multiple passes to assess the existence of a model. This paper summarizes theworkdoneonanewtool for LTL satisfiability checking based on a novel tableau method. The new tableau construction, which is very simple and easy to explain, builds an actually tree-shaped structure and it only requires a single pass to decide whether to accept a given branch or not. The implementation has been compared in terms of speed and memory consumption with tools implementing both existing tableau methods and different satisfiability techniques, showing good results despite the simplicity of the underlying algorithm

Leviathan: A New LTL Satisfiability Checking Tool Based on a One-Pass Tree-Shaped Tableau

The paper presents Leviathan, an LTL satisfiability checking tool based on a novel one-pass, tree-like tableau system, which is way simpler than existing solutions. Despite the simplicity of the algorithm, the tool has performance comparable in speed and memory consumption with other tools on a number of standard benchmark sets, and, in various cases, it outperforms the other tableau-based tools