Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile in its westernmost biogeographical limit (northwestern Alboran Sea): Meadows characterisation, phenology and flowering events

Mateo-Ramírez A, Urra J, Rueda J, Marina, Bañares-España E, García Raso E. (2016) Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile in its westernmost biogeographical limit (northwestern Alboran Sea): Meadows characterisation, phenology and flowering events. Front. Mar, Sci. Conference Abstract: XIX Iberian Symposium on Marine Biology Studies. doi: 10.3389/conf.FMARS.2016.05.00055Posidonia oceanica is a Mediterranean endemic seagrass species that forms meadows covering ca. 2.5–4.5 millions of hectares, representing ca.25 % of the infralittoral and shallow circalittoral (down to 50m) bottoms of the Mediterranean. This seagrass is considered a habitat-engineer species and provides an elevated number of ecosystem services. In addition the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, 2008/56/EC) includes seagrass like elements to evaluate the “Good Environmental Status” of the European coasts. Information about their phenological characteristic and structure of the meadows is needed for indicator estimations in order to establish their conservation status. The studied meadows are located in the westernmost limit of the P. oceanica distribution (North-western Alboran Sea) in the vecinity of the Strait of Gibraltar, an Atlantic-Mediterranean water transition area. Four sites were selected from East to West: Paraje Natural de Acantilados de Maro-Cerro Gordo (hereafter Maro), Special Area of Conservation “Calahonda” (hereafter Calahonda), Site of Community Importance Estepona (hereafter Estepona) and Punta Chullera (hereafter Chullera) where P. oceanica present their westernmost meadows. Phenological data were recorded from mid November to mid December in P. oceanica patches located at 2 – 3 m depth. At each site three types of patches (patch area 2 m2, large patches) were sampled. At each patch and site, 3 quadrants of 45 x 45 cm were sampled for shoot and inflorescences density measurements. In each quadrant, 10 random shoots were sampled for shoot morphology (shoot height and number of leaves). Shoot and inflorescences densities were standardized to squared meters. All the studied P. oceanica meadows develop on rocks and they present a fragmented structure with a coverage ranging between ca. 45% in Calahonda and Estepona and ca. 31% in Maro. The meadows of Chullera are reduced to a few small - medium patches with areas ranging between 0.5-1.5 m2 (Fig. 1). The meadows of Chullera and Estepona presented similar values of shoot density (ca. 752 – 662 shoots m-2, respectively) and leaf height (ca. 25 cm). Similarly, the Calahonda and Maro meadows also showed similar values of shoot density (ca. 510 – 550 shoots m-2, respectively) but displaying lower values than those of sites located closer to the Strait of Gibraltar. Regarding patch sizes and leaf height, the longest leaves (ca. 25 cm) were found in medium and large patches, but the number of leaves per shoot were higher in the small and the medium size patches (ca. 6.3 leaves per shoot). Flowering was only detected at the Calahonda meadows with maximum values of ca. 330 inflorescences m-2 (115.2 ± 98.2 inflorescences m-2, n= 9; mean ± SD) (Fig.1). Inflorescence density was not significant different among patches of different sizes. In the Alboran Sea and unlike the studied meadows, extensive beds of P. oceanica occur at the National Park of Cabo de Gata (northeastern Alboran Sea), but from east to west (Strait of Gibraltar), meadows are gradually fragmenting and their depth range decrease from 30m to 2m depth between Cabo de Gata and Chullera, respectively. Probably, the Atlantic influence and the characteristic oceanographic conditions of the Alboran Sea (i.e., higher turbidity, higher water turbulence) represent a developmental limiting factor for P. oceanica at higher depths. Similarities between the meadows located closer to Strait of Gibraltar (Chullera and Estepona) were detected as well as between those more distant (Calahonda and Maro). The first ones showed higher values of shoot densities and leaf heights than the formers, which could be relating to the higher hydrodynamic exposure found at Chullera and Estepona meadows. Regarding flowering events, sexual reproduction in P. oceanica is not common in different locations of the Mediterranean Sea. The available information seems to indicate that flowering represent an irregular event and it is related to high seawater temperature. In fact, the flowering episodes that occurred in Calahonda in November 2015, match with the warmest year ever recorded. This is the third flowering event registered in these meadows located close to the westernmost distributional limit of P. oceanica (Málaga, Alboran Sea), which could indicates that these meadows presents a healthy status. Furthermore, the absence of significant differences in relation to inflorescence density between patches of different sizes may be indicating that the fragmentation does not necessarily influence on the flowering of this seagrass species.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Bryozoa from deep-sea habitats of the northern Gulf of Cádiz (Northeastern Atlantic)

Ramalho, Laís V., López-Fé, Carlos M., Mateo-Ramírez, Angel, Rueda, José Luis (2020): Bryozoa from deep-sea habitats of the northern Gulf of Cádiz (Northeastern Atlantic). Zootaxa 4768 (4): 451-478, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4768.4.

Hippothoa Lamouroux 1821

Hippothoa sp. (Fig. 4A, B; Table 5) Material examined. MNCN 25.03 /4199: DA07, Gazul MV, 491–495 m depth, 24 June 2010, INDEMARES CHI- CA Project, IEO coll., on shells; MNCN 25.03 /4200: DA08, Gazul MV, 486–487 m depth, 24 June 2010, INDE- MARES CHICA Project, IEO coll., on shells; MNCN 25.03 /4201: DA11, Gazul MV, 461–462 m depth, 27 June 2010, INDEMARES CHICA Project, IEO coll., on shells. Description. Colony creeping, branching in uniserial chains of zooids (Fig. 4A). Each autozooid giving rise to three new zooids: one distal and two lateral; the lateral connections come up near the median region of the zooid (Fig. 4A). Autozooid elongate, fusiform with elongate, very thin tubular proximal cauda (Fig. 4A). Frontal shield smooth, imperforate with a pronounced longitudinal median ridge ending close to the orifice, forming a short suboral umbo. Primary orifice longer than wide, oval distally and with a U-shaped sinus proximally, and a pair of small, dot-shaped condyles (Fig. 4B). Fertile zooids not observed. Remarks. Colonies were found colonizing shell remains, generally more abundantly on the internal than on the external sides of those shells. This species is similar to Hippothoa divaricata Lamouroux, 1821 because of the presence of the longitudinal frontal keel, but orifice shape differs (H. divaricata has V-shaped sinus). Hippothoa longicauda Souto et al., 2016 has a similar orifice and long, thin caudae but lacks the frontal keel. Another similar species is H. flagellum Manzoni, 1870 because of the thin, elongate caudae, but H. flagellum has a narrower sinus and lacks a median keel. The species H. petrophila Dick & Grischenko, 2016 from the Pacific Ocean is similar in having long and thin caudae and a median keel, but the orifice has a large, deep, U-shaped sinus. This species is left in open nomenclature because fertile zooids are absent. Habitat and associated species. Hippothoa sp. was associated with coarse sediment and mixed bottoms with sand, muddy sand, bioclasts and MDACs, in which solitary scleractinian corals (Caryophyllia sp. and F. chunii), the sea urchin Cidaris cidaris, the polychaete Lanice sp. and the bivalve Bathyarca philippiana (Nyst) also occur.Published as part of Ramalho, Laís V., López-Fé, Carlos M., Mateo-Ramírez, Angel & Rueda, José Luis, 2020, Bryozoa from deep-sea habitats of the northern Gulf of Cádiz (Northeastern Atlantic), pp. 451-478 in Zootaxa 4768 (4) on page 464, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/378575

Microporella Hincks 1877

Microporella sp. (Fig. 7 B–D) Material examined. MNCN 25.03 /4212: DA08, Gazul MV, 486–487 m depth, 24 June 2010, INDEMARES CHI- CA Project, IEO coll., on shells; MNCN 25.03 /4213: DA11, Gazul MV, 461–462 m depth, 27 June 2010, INDE- MARES CHICA Project, IEO coll., on shells. Description. Encrusting colony, unilaminar (Fig. 7B). Autozooids hexagonal, longer than wide; frontal shield coarsely nodular with small and circular pseudopores, mainly medially and distally, usually absent proximally; few larger areolar pores (Fig. 7B). Orifice small relative to zooid size, transversely D-shaped, wider than long, proximal border straight, smooth; 4–6 delicate oral spines (the most proximal very near the orificial proximal corner) (Fig. 7 B–D). Ascopore moderately large, almost circular, slightly wider than long with reniform opening (Fig. 7C, D). Umbo absent. Single adventitious avicularium lateral, usually large and at the level of the ascopore or positioned a little below it; rostrum triangular, directed latero-distally (Fig. 7 B–D); mandible setiform and short. Ovicell not observed. Remarks. This species differs from Microporella funbio Ramalho & López-Fé n. sp. in the zooidal size and shape, avicularium position and in having a shorter mandible. This species is similar to M. ciliata (Pallas, 1766) in the zooidal shape and large lateral avicularia, but M. ciliata has up to four oral spines (frequently five in the present material from Gazul MV), proximal border of the orifice with small teeth (smooth in Microporella sp.), and avicularium positioned slightly more proximally. Hayward & McKinney (2002) identified some Microporella colonies from the Adriatic Sea as M. ciliata. Those specimens, as the colonies studied here, have 5–6 oral spines, similar orifice shape and large adventitious avicularium, but the avicularium is positioned more proximally and the ascopore has a thick rim. Nevertheless, Kukliński & Taylor (2008) stated later that specimens identified as M. ciliata by Hayward & McKinney (2002) could belong to a different species, not M. ciliata sensu stricto. Due to the absence of ovicell and ancestrula, we prefer to maintain this species in open nomenclature, until additional material will be available. Habitat and associated species. These specimens were found on soft bottoms with coarse and mixed sediment (sand, muddy sand), interspersed with bioclast and MDACs, where Caryophyllia sp., F. chunii, C. cidaris, Lanice sp., B. philippiana and the hydrozoa Polyplumaria flabellata Sars also occur.Published as part of Ramalho, Laís V., López-Fé, Carlos M., Mateo-Ramírez, Angel & Rueda, José Luis, 2020, Bryozoa from deep-sea habitats of the northern Gulf of Cádiz (Northeastern Atlantic), pp. 451-478 in Zootaxa 4768 (4) on pages 470-471, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/378575

Ascorhiza mawatarii d'Hondt 1983

Ascorhiza mawatarii d’Hondt, 1983 ( Figs 2 A–E; 3A) Ascorhiza mawatarii d’Hondt, 1983: 24, fig. 12; Harmelin & d’Hondt 1992b: 609. Material examined. MNCN 25.03 /4194: DA10, Gazul MV, 390–410 m depth, 26 June 2010, INDEMARES CHI- CA project, Instituto Español de Oceanografia (IEO) coll., on shells; MNCN 25.03 /4195: BT05, Chica MVD, 607–665 m depth, 19 February 2011, INDEMARES CHICA project, IEO coll., on shells. Description. Colony erect (22–42 mm long), delicate, formed by a dilated head (7–18 mm long x 3.5–6 mm wide) and a narrower peduncle (15–24 mm long x 1–1.5 mm wide) (Fig. 2A, B), fixed to the substrate directly by expansion of the peduncle base or by rhizoids (Fig. 2C). Zooids from the head disposed irregularly, hexagonal with circular aperture (Fig. 2D); zooids from de peduncle (myoecia) with distinct form: those near the top polygonal, alternately arranged (Fig 2E), those near the base somewhat rectangular, slightly longer than wide, arranged in rows (Fig. 3A). ......continued on the next page ......continued on the next page ......continued on the next page Remarks. There are two described species of Ascorhiza: A. mawatari and A. occidentalis Fewkes, 1889 (Bock 2019; accessed 02.12.2019). The latter species is characterized by a narrow stalk composed of a number of segments, externally indicated by ferrules of uniform size with well-marked indentations. Ascorhiza mawatari was described from the Northern Pacific Ocean (d’Hondt 1983) and recorded later by Harmelin & d’Hondt (1992b) in European waters, precisely in the GoC and in the Mediterranean Sea (Bouche des Bonifacio). Colony length in the original material is 20 mm (peduncle: 12 mm long by 1.8 mm wide; head: 4.5 mm wide), while the material described by Harmelin & d’Hondt (1992b) from the GoC is more similar to our specimens (up to 55 mm long). The present material differs from that described by previous authors in having a narrower peduncle (often 1 mm wide) and smaller zooids (both length and width): d’Hondt (1983) reported that myoecia were almost 1 mm long by 0.4–0.5 mm width. Although the GoC material was poorly preserved, as all the peduncles were collapsed, the general features were similar. Two attachment modes were observed associated to the different type of substrate. In colonies attached to shells, the base was continuous and expanded, while colonies attached to sand grains used several rizhoids (Fig. 2C). Apparently, this species varies in both the base of the peduncle and the shape of the peduncle zooids, and further studies are required to understand the reasons behind this variability, as the knowledge on this species is still scarce. Habitat and associated species. Ascorhiza mawatari was found associated with the bathyal cold-water coral framework (mainly Madrepora oculata Linnaeus), colonized by small gorgonians (Acanthogorgia and Bebryce). It was also found in sand and muddy sea bottoms with sea pens [Kophobelemnon stelliferum (Müller) and Funiculina quadrangularis (Pallas)], solitary corals (e.g. Flabellum chunii Marenzeller) and sea urchins, mainly Cidaris cidaris (Linnaeus).Published as part of Ramalho, Laís V., López-Fé, Carlos M., Mateo-Ramírez, Angel & Rueda, José Luis, 2020, Bryozoa from deep-sea habitats of the northern Gulf of Cádiz (Northeastern Atlantic), pp. 451-478 in Zootaxa 4768 (4) on pages 455-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/378575

Microporella funbio Ramalho & López-Fé & Mateo-Ramírez & Rueda 2020

Microporella funbio Ramalho & López-Fé n. sp. (Figs 6 B–E, 7A; Table 7) Material examined. Holotype: MNCN 25.03 /4209: DA08, Gazul MV, 486–487 m depth, 24 June 2010, INDE- MARES CHICA Project, IEO coll., on shells. Paratypes: MNCN 25.03 /4208: DA07, Gazul MV, 491–495 m depth, 24 June 2010, INDEMARES CHICA Project, IEO coll., on shells; MNCN 25.03 /4210: DA11, Gazul MV, 461–462 m depth, 27 June 2010, INDEMARES CHICA Project, IEO coll., on shells; MNCN 25.03 /4211: DA02, Gazul MV, 402–451 m depth, 21 June 2010, INDEMARES CHICA Project, IEO coll., on MDACs. Etymology. The specific name ‘ funbio ’ is the acronym of ‘FUNdación BIOdiversidad’, a public organization that coordinated the projects LIFE+ INDEMARES and LIFE IP PAF INTEMARES, which made possible the present study, among other projects (e.g. ATLAS). It is used as a name in apposition. Description. Encrusting colony, unilaminar (Fig. 6B). Autozooids hexagonal, longer than wide (Fig. 6B, C); frontal shield nodular with very small pores scattered on the surface (Fig. 6B, C). Orifice transversely D-shaped, wider than long, proximal border crenulate (Fig. 6C, D); six oral spines (rarely seven), hollow and thick (Figs 6 B–D, 7A), four visible in ovicellate zooids (Fig. 6E). Ascopore crescentic, with a denticulate edge, with proximal border raised from the frontal surface (Figs 6C, 7A). Single avicularium located latero-medially or slightly nearer to the ascopore; rostrum triangular with tip raised from the frontal surface, directed slightly latero-distally; crossbar complete (Figs 6B, C, 7A); mandible long, setiform. Ovicell globose (Fig. 6B, E), wider than long, not personate; ooecium surface nodular, similar to frontal shield of the zooid, without expansions around the aperture (Fig. 6B, E); proximal border with a smooth and arched rim (Fig. 6B, E). Remarks. Microporella is a specious genus with almost 140 species, most of them recent (Bock 2019; 02.12.2019). Microporella ciliata (Pallas, 1766) is similar to the new species in having not personate ovicell and avicularium situated laterally between the ascopore and the midline of the zooid. It differs in having 1–4 oral spines, orifice with smaller proportion L/W (M. ciliata: 0.54; M. funbio Ramalho & López-Fé n. sp.: 0.78), ascopore without raised proximal border, and ovicell without an arched and smooth proximal rim (Kukliński & Taylor 2008). The most similar species is M. browni Harmelin et al., 2011 described from the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, which has 4–6 oral spines and similar avicularium, but the primary orifice has rounded and serrated (11–19 denticles) anter and proximal border with an irregular, slightly corrugated edge, larger frontal pores and personate ovicell, encompassing the primary orifice hiding completely the oral spines. The combination of the following characters—six hollow and thick oral spines, orifice with denticulate proximal border, ascopore with an elevated proximal border, single setiform avicularium, and ovicell not personate—distinguishes the new species from all congeners. Habitat and associated species. This species was found associated with coarse and mixed sediment with MDACs, where species such as B. phylipiana, C. cidaris, F. chunii, sponges and sea pens (K. stelliferum and F. quadrangularis) also occur.Published as part of Ramalho, Laís V., López-Fé, Carlos M., Mateo-Ramírez, Angel & Rueda, José Luis, 2020, Bryozoa from deep-sea habitats of the northern Gulf of Cádiz (Northeastern Atlantic), pp. 451-478 in Zootaxa 4768 (4) on pages 468-470, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/378575

Antropora gemarita Ramalho & López-Fé & Mateo-Ramírez & Rueda 2020

Antropora gemarita Ramalho & López-Fé n. sp. (Fig. 3 B–D; Table 4) Material examined. Holotype: MNCN 25.03 /4197: DA10, Gazul MV, 390–410 m depth, 26 June 2010, INDE- MARES CHICA project, IEO coll., on MDACs. Paratypes: MNCN 25.03 /4196: DA02, Gazul MV, 402–451 m depth, 21 June 2010, INDEMARES CHICA project, IEO coll., on MDACs; MNCN 25.03 /4198: BT17, Pipoca MV, 564–695 m depth, 23 February 2011, INDEMARES CHICA project, IEO coll., on shells. Etymology. The specific name ‘ gemarita ’ is a combination of the name ‘ gemar ’ (short name of the GEociencias MARinas (Marine Geoscience) research group of the Instituto Español de Oceanografía, and ‘- ita ’ (in Latin suffix that means ‘belonging to’), in honour of the scientists and students of the GEMAR research group who helped in the INDEMARES CHICA project. Description. Colony encrusting, uni- to multilaminar. Autozooids large, oval, distinct by shallow grooves between thin, raised rims, not disjunct (Fig. 3B, C). Gymnocyst absent; cryptocyst narrower distally and laterally, more developed and asymmetrical proximally, very finely crenulated. Opesia occupying three quarters of the frontal area (Fig. 3B, C). One small, interzooidal avicularium usually located at the proximal corner of each zooid, in the angular interzooidal spaces, with each autozooid surrounded by six avicularia (Fig. 3B, C). Rostrum elongate-oval, rounded and slightly broader at the tip, sometimes serrated, variably directed, without crossbar (Fig. 3C). Large interzooidal avicularia not observed. Ovicell endozooecial, cap-shaped, extending beneath the cryptocyst of the distal zooid (Fig. 3D). Remarks. Thirty-four species of Antropora have been described around the world, and most of them are fossil (Bock 2019; accessed 02.12.2019). Among the Recent species, two of them— A. compressa (Osburn, 1927) and A. minor (Hincks, 1880b) —resemble Antropora gemarita Ramalho & López-Fé n. sp. The former species was de- scribed from the Caribbean Sea and has zooids disposed very close to each other without indication of an interopesial area. It also has interzooidal avicularia similar in shape but distally directed (in A. gemarita Ramalho & López- Fé n. sp. avicularia are variably directed), and smaller autozooids (300–400 µm long x 200–300 µm wide) (Osburn 1927). The latter species has similar cryptocyst appearance, but smaller zooids (320–500 µm long x 150–350 µm wide) (Tilbrook 1998), and a single avicularium (40–90 µm long). Habitat and associated species. This species was found on MDACs intermixed with coarse sediment dominated by sponges and coral rubble (mainly of M. oculata). It was also found in sandy mud with MDACs, sponges (Asconema setubalense Kent), small gorgonians (Acanthogorgia hirsuta Gray or Swiftia sp.), and echinoderms (C. cidaris and L. phalangium).Published as part of Ramalho, Laís V., López-Fé, Carlos M., Mateo-Ramírez, Angel & Rueda, José Luis, 2020, Bryozoa from deep-sea habitats of the northern Gulf of Cádiz (Northeastern Atlantic), pp. 451-478 in Zootaxa 4768 (4) on pages 462-463, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/378575

Porella tenuis

Porella tenuis (Calvet, 1906) (Figs 4 C–G; 5A, B; Table 6) Palmicellaria tenuis Calvet, 1906: 431, pl. XXVIII, figs 7, 8. Palmicellaria skenei tenuis: d’Hondt 1974: 18. Material examined. MNCN 25.03 /4202: DA05, Gazul MV, 418–422 m depth, 22 June 2010, INDEMARES CHI- CA Project, IEO coll., no information on the original substrate; MNCN 25.03 /4203: BT26, Almazán MV, 930–940 m depth, 4 March 2011, INDEMARES CHICA Project, IEO coll., no information on the original substrate; MNCN 25.03 /4204: BT06, Chica MVD, 660–667 m depth, 19 February 2011, INDEMARES CHICA Project, IEO coll., on MDACs. Description. Erect colony with cylindrical branches and zooids opening only on the frontal side (Fig. 4C). Autozooids elongate, arranged in two or three longitudinal alternated series, orifices from the outer zooids facing away from the branch midline (Fig. 4C, D); frontal shield smooth or slightly nodular, imperforate except for scattered, rounded marginal areolar pores varying in size; sometimes a row of smaller rounded pores at the base of the peristome; on some zooids a small avicularium replacing an areolar pore (Fig. 4D). Peristome well developed, hiding the primary orifice and forming three tapered, cylindrical umbones (one median and two lateral) with nodular surface, and three inner avicularia placed at the base of each umbo (Fig. 4D, E): the median avicularium wider than long and larger than lateral ones, directed upwards and outwards (Fig. 4E). Primary orifice wider than long, with a wide and short lyrula at its proximal border (Fig. 4F). All avicularia (frontal, peristomial and distal) circular to oval, small, rostrum with serrate border and complete, thick crossbar (Fig. 4D, E, G). Ovicell slightly wider than long, globular, with a smooth surface and two, rounded to elliptical pores near the proximal border; becoming immersed with secondary calcification (Fig. 4G); opening inside the peristome but not closed by the zooidal operculum. On the abfrontal side: several scattered small and rounded pores, more frequently near the sutures; avicularia (similar in size and shape to those on the frontal side) placed near the sutures as well, directed randomly (Fig. 5A, B). Remarks. Porella tenuis has been described by Calvet (1906) from Cape Spartel (Gulf of Cádiz), occurring at 717 meters depth as Palmicellaria tenuis. Subsequently, d’Hondt (1974) recorded this species from the Gulf of Gascogne (North Atlantic) (as Palmicellaria skenei subspecies tenuis). Souto et al. (2016), while describing a new species of Porella, P. biserialis, had the opportunity to examine the type-material of Palmicellaria tenuis (MNHN 419) and transferred P. tenuis to the genus Porella. These authors suggested that P. tenuis fits better in the family Bryocryptellidae instead of Celleporidae, indicating features that are distinctive between the two species: P. biserialis has branches with two longitudinal series of zooids but lacks a lyrula, peristomial umbo, and avicularia on the ovicellate zooids. Comparing the specimens of this study with the holotype of Porella tenuis some differences were detected: the holotype shows three or four latero-peristomial umbones (our specimens have three umbones, one suboral plus one on each side), and the avicularia inside the peristome are not constant (three avicularia always present in our specimens). Nevertheless, d’Hondt (1974) mentioned that these characters can be very variable within and between colonies. The material studied here consisted of fragmented colonies suggesting that variability may be lost. Thus, we maintain these specimens as Porella tenuis. Habitat and associated species. This species occurs in fine sand and sandy mud with MDAC and coral rubble, L. phalangium, sponges [T. muricata and Pheronema carpenteri (Thomson)], M. oculata and some soft bottom octocorals (Isidella elongata (Esper), Radicipes cf. fragilis) and small gorgonians (Swiftia sp.).Published as part of Ramalho, Laís V., López-Fé, Carlos M., Mateo-Ramírez, Angel & Rueda, José Luis, 2020, Bryozoa from deep-sea habitats of the northern Gulf of Cádiz (Northeastern Atlantic), pp. 451-478 in Zootaxa 4768 (4) on pages 464-465, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/378575

Schizomavella (Schizomavella) linearis subsp. profunda Harmelin & d'Hondt 1992

Schizomavella (Schizomavella) linearis profunda Harmelin & d’Hondt, 1992a ( Figs 5C, D; 6A) Schizomavella linearis profunda Harmelin & d’Hondt, 1992a: 45, pl. VI, figs A, B; Souto et al. 2014: 143, fig. 6D. Material examined. MNCN 25.03 /4205: DA08, Gazul MV, 486–487 m depth, 24 June 2010, INDEMARES CHI- CA Project, IEO coll., on shells; MNCN 25.03 /4206: BT03, Gazul MV, 460–462 m depth, 23 June 2010, INDE- MARES CHICA Project, IEO coll., on MDACs; MNCN 25.03 /4207: BT06, Gazul MV, 422–450 m depth, 25 June 2010, INDEMARES CHICA Project, IEO coll., on MDACs. Remarks. Schizomavella (Schizomavella) linearis profunda described by Harmelin & d’Hondt (1992a) differs from S. (S.) linearis (Hassall, 1841) in having 5–7 (more frequently 6) distal oral spines constantly in all zooids (in the typical form they disappear in older generations). The colonies collected in the present study (Fig. 5C) were considered to belong to the subspecies profunda because of the number of oral spines (Fig. 5D). Other similarity is the shape of the avicularia which have a triangular rostrum transversely directed (Figs 5D, 6A). Nevertheless, the paired lateral oral avicularia are positioned more distally than in the holotype of the subspecies. This variability was also observed in the S. (S.) linearis profunda reported by Souto et al. (2014) from Portugal. A single zooid with a supernumerary avicularium associated with the ovicell (Fig. 6A) was observed in one colony of the present study; this avicularium, although rare, was considered, until now, typical only of the original form (S. (S.) linearis) (Reverter-Gil & Fernández-Pulpeiro 1996). Habitat and associated species. This species was associated with muddy-medium sandy sea bottoms with C. cidaris, F. chunii, sponges (T. muricata) and sea pens (K. stelliferum and F. quadrangularis), and fine sand with MDAC, M. oculata, L. phalangium and sponges (Cladocroce spathiformis Topsent).Published as part of Ramalho, Laís V., López-Fé, Carlos M., Mateo-Ramírez, Angel & Rueda, José Luis, 2020, Bryozoa from deep-sea habitats of the northern Gulf of Cádiz (Northeastern Atlantic), pp. 451-478 in Zootaxa 4768 (4) on page 468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/378575