Comorbidità nell’asma grave pediatrico

Asthma comorbidities frequently cause adverse outcomes, such as poor asthma control, frequent asthma attacks, reduced quality of life, and higher healthcare costs. Comorbidities are well-known treatable traits whose proper management can help achieve optimal asthma control. Although multimorbidity is frequent among asthmatics, comorbidities are still a potential cause of misdiagnosis and under or overtreatments, and little is known about their impact on severe pediatric asthma. Over the years, growing scientific evidence has pointed to the existence of a clear epidemiological correlation between asthma and its comorbidities and of possible common pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for a mutual bi-directional influence between the diseases, with sometimes the possibility of describing distinct asthma phenotypes. In this light, the appropriate management of asthma comorbidities could be crucial to propose personalized or adjunctive therapies of apparent efficacy in patients with severe asthma

QUIN 2.0 - new release of the QUaternary fault strain INdicators database from the Southern Apennines of Italy

QUIN database integrates and organizes structural-geological information from published and unpublished sources to constrain deformation in seismotectonic studies. The initial release, QUIN1.0, comprised 3,339 Fault Striation Pairs, mapped on 445 sites exposed along the Quaternary faults of central Italy. The present Data Descriptor introduces the QUIN 2.0 release, which includes 4,297 Fault Striation Pairs on 738 Structural Sites from southern Italy. The newly investigated faults span ~500 km along the Apennines chain, with strikes transitioning from ~SE to ~SW and comprehensively details Fault Striation Pairs’ location, attitude, kinematics, and deformation axes. Additionally, it offers a shapefile of the fault traces hosting the data. The QUIN 2.0 release offers a significant geographic extension to the QUIN 1.0, with comprehensive description of local geometric-kinematic complexities of the regional pattern. The QUIN data may be especially relevant for constraining intra-Apennine potential seismogenic deformation patterns, where earthquake data only offer scattered or incomplete information. QUIN’s data will support studies aimed at enhancing geological understanding, hazard assessment and comprehension of fault rupture propagation and barriers

QUaternary fault strain INdicators database: QUIN 1.0 - first release from the Apennines of central Italy

This database relates to the paper “QUaternary fault strain INdicators database - QUIN 1.0 - first release from the Apennines of central Italy”. It provides very local-scale geometric and kinematic data on Fault Striation Pairs (FSP, the fault plane and the slickenline measured on it) surveyed along the Quaternary (last 2.5 My) extensional intra-Apennine belt of central Italy. The sampled area develops for an along-strike extent of ~550 km and in an average NW-SE direction. The first release of the “QUaternary fault strain INdicator” database (acronym QUIN) consists of a comprehensive compilation of both unpublished (1315) and published (2026) FSPs, for a total of 3339 records. Overall, considering the ~60,100 numerical data released in this database, the 79.8% are unpublished while the 20.2% are from the previous literature. The FSP data are distributed within ~455 Survey Sites (SS) geolocated along the trace of well-distinct hosting faults. The database is released in a .txt table and as shapefile (.shp) in WGS84 coordinate system. The FSP records are organized in 34 fields, referring to three themes: A) FSP identification and SS location (fields 1 to 12); B) FSP geometry with quality ranking and references (fields 13 to 22); C) FSP deformation axes (fields 23 to 34). The first two domains include for each FSP the geographic and structural position, the SS name, the hosting fault-system name and average dip-direction, the geometric parameters (strike, dip-direction and dip, and trend and plunge), the newly calculated rake and corresponding kinematic classifications, the references of the field data and two quality rankings on the input data resolutions and location. The third domain, entirely new from this work, includes for each FSP, the attitude ( trend and plunge) of the kinematic axes (P, B, T) measured at 45° and 30° from striation in the extensional movement plane (see the main paper for more details). This database represents the most complete local-scale collection of Quaternary geological fault/slip data and derived kinematic and strain parameters over a large regional seismogenic and potentially seismogenic territory. The QUIN database is meant as a relatively aseptic data input for forecoming stress inversion and geodynamic modelling, fundamental for new generations of seismotectonics and seismic hazard assessment research

Supplemental Material: Slowly deforming megathrusts within the continental lithosphere: a case from Italy

Figures S1-S8: Additional seismic activity models. Data Set S1: Catalog of high-quality hypocenter data.</p

Coupling rare earth element analyses and high-resolution topography along fault scarps to investigate past earthquakes: A case study from the Southern Apennines (Italy)

The systematic study of faults that have released strong earthquakes in the past is a challenge for seismic hazard assessment. In carbonate landscapes, the use of rare earth element (REE) concentrations on slickensides may aid the reconstruction of fault slip history. We applied this methodology to the Caggiano normal fault (Southern Apennines, Italy), cropping out southeast of the Irpinia 1980 CE earthquake fault (Mw 6.9), which was responsible for both the 1561 CE and partly the 1857 CE Basilicata earthquakes (Mw 6.7 and 7.1). We integrated the REE analysis approach with a high- resolution topographic analysis along 98 serial topographic profiles to measure vertical separations attributable to faulting since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The asymmetric scarp height profiles suggest fault- lateral propagation and along- strike variations in the fault evolution. Our results indicate the occurrence of 7 to 11 earthquakes with variable slip between ~40 cm and ~70 cm within post- LGM times. We estimated the magnitudes of the respective earthquakes, between 5.5 and 7.0, and most commonly between 6.3 and 6.5. The results suggest a recurrence time between 1.6 k.y. and 2.3 k.y. and a slip rate ranging between 0.6 mm/yr and 0.9 mm/yr. This approach may be useful for application to carbonate fault planes in similar tectonic contexts worldwide

Critical reappraisal of short-acting bronchodilators for pediatric respiratory diseases

: Short-acting bronchodilators are a class of medications commonly used to treat asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and other respiratory conditions. The use of these medications has evolved over time as we have gained a better understanding of their effectiveness and safety in the pediatric population. This comprehensive review synthesizes the current understanding of short-acting β2-agonists and short-acting anticholinergics in children. It addresses indications, contraindications, safety considerations, and highlights areas where further research is needed to guide the most effective use of short-acting bronchodilators