ABOUT THE POSSIBLE REASONS FOR THE PROTAGONIST EVOLUTION AT THE END OF THE NOVEL "MRS. GOLOVLEVY'S" BY M. E. SALTYKOV-SHCHEDRIN

Purpose: According to the author of the article the end of the novel “Mrs. Golovlevy's” was the first attempt by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin to show the destructive power of spiritual devastation and to prove the possibility of saving the human soul for Eternal Life according to the Christian tradition. The motives of Repentance and spiritual Resurrection appear, which are new to Saltykov’s creativity. This becomes possible both due to “external” factors (Shchedrin’s life events not directly connected with the work) and “internal” factors (expressed in the embodiment of the author's personal traits in Porphyry Golovlev). The article is devoted to the determination of the reasons that influenced the evolution of the protagonist in the final novel. Methodology: The methodology has been used in the article are the questionary filled scrutinizing different articles in the field. All chapters, one by one has been studied thoroughly and analyzed through the investigation. Results: In this study, it has been attempted to identify the most significant characteristics of the ideological and spiritual foundations of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin's creativity, which led to the evolution of the protagonist in the finale of the novel "Mrs. Golovlevs". Implications/Applications: the application of this study is introducing the novel to its reader and also the further study of its characterization. Novelty/Originality: The novelty of this study is in the method implemented to prepare the questions in the survey to stimulate the audiences to answer

Control of Nanoparticle Growth in High Temperature Reactor: Application of Reduced Population Balance Model II

Aerosol processes are often model using the population balance equation (PBE). This article presents a study on the simulation of particle size distribution during nanoparticle growth with simultaneous chemical reaction, nucleation, condensation and coagulation. The method used to reduce the population balance model is the method of moments. Under the assumption of lognormal aerosol size distribution, the method of moments was employed to reduce the original model into a set of first-order ODE’s (ordinary differential equations) that accurately reproduce important dynamics of aerosol process. The objective of this study is to investigate if we can use the reduced population balance model for the control of nanoparticle size distribution and to investigate the process model sensitivity to the influence of disturbance. And subsequently use the model to control particle size distribution. The numerical result shows there is a dependence of the average particle diameter on the wall temperatures and disturbance has great influence on process model. The process model was used as a basis to synthesize a feedback controller where manipulated variable is the wall temperature of the reactor and the control variable the aerosol size distribution at the outlet of the reacto

Control of Nanoparticle Growth in High Temperature Reactor: Application of Reduced Population Balance Model

Aerosol processes often are modeled using the population balance equation (PBE). This article presents a study on the simulation of particle size distribution during nanoparticle growth with simultaneous chemical reaction, nucleation, condensation and coagulation. The method used to reduce the population balance model is the method of moments. Under the assumption of lognormal aerosol size distribution, the method of moments was employed to reduce the original model into a set of first-order ODE’s (ordinary differential equations) that accurately reproduce important dynamics of aerosol process. The objective of this study is to investigate if we can use the reduced population balance model for the control of nanoparticle size distribution. The numerical result shows there is a dependence of the average particle diameter on the wall temperatures and the model can thus be used as a basis to synthesize a feedback controller where manipulated variable is the wall temperature of the reactor and the control variable the aerosol size distribution at the outlet of the reactor

Russians Growing Appetite for Change

In the past two years, the Russian public's appetite for change has increased considerably. A small but growing group of Russians blame President Vladimir Putin for the country's problems, and his capacity to deliver change is now being questioned. Yet the demands for change are taking very different forms, not only in open protests but also through latent discontent, and the public has not identified a specific alternative leader as a potential agent of change.In July 2019, the Carnegie Moscow Center and the Levada Center, Russia's main independent polling agency, conducted a third poll in two years asking 1,600 Russians about their readiness for change. The results show some striking new trends. A total of 59 percent of respondents—17 percent more than two years before—said that the country needed "decisive comprehensive change" (see Figure 1). The Russian publication of this research in November 2019 attracted a lot of attention from the media and political class. An answer came in January 2020 in a form of constitutional changes and the resignation of the government. In his annual address on January 15, Vladimir Putin said: "Our society is clearly calling for change. People want development. . . . The pace of change must be expedited every year and produce tangible results in attaining worthy living standards that would be clearly perceived by the people. And, I repeat, they must be actively involved in this process.

Modeling of Hydrogen Absorption/Desorption in a Metal Hydride Bed Reactor — A Theoretical Study

Hydrogen has been considered as an alternative source of fuel to the fossil fuel in future, most especially, for mobile applications. However, a requirement is the safe, efficient and compact on- board storage of hydrogen. Reversible storage in metal hydride is promising, but adequate knowledge of materials system fulfills all requirements regarding hydrogen content is a major drawback, release temperature, and reversibility simultaneously. Hydrogen absorption- desorption in a metal hydride bed reactor can be modeled using different software such as FLUENT, CFD-ACE, and COMSOL Multiphysics. This book chapter will focus on the use of software COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate the diffusion and heating of hydrogen and metal hydride powder in both radial and axial directions. The model consists of system of partial differential equations (PDE) describing two-dimensional heat and mass transfer of hydrogen in a porous matrix. The influence of the operating parameters Temperature, Pressure, Concentration, Permeability and Thermal Conductivity on the rate of absorption-desorption of hydrogen in metal hydride will be fully discussed. The simulation results obtained could be applied to the on - board hydrogen storage technology, in particular for the hydrogen supply of a fuel cell for powering of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle

Nonlocal density functional theory of water taking into account many-body dipole correlations: binodal and surface tension of ‘liquid–vapour’ interface

In this paper we formulate a nonlocal density functional theory of inhomogeneous water. We model a water molecule as a couple of oppositely charged sites. The negatively charged sites interact with each other through the Lennard–Jones potential (steric and dispersion interactions), square-well potential (short-range specific interactions due to electron charge transfer), and Coulomb potential, whereas the positively charged sites interact with all types of sites by applying the Coulomb potential only. Taking into account the nonlocal packing effects via the fundamental measure theory, dispersion and specific interactions in the mean-field approximation, and electrostatic interactions at the many-body level through the random phase approximation, we describe the liquid–vapour interface. We demonstrate that our model without explicit account of the association of water molecules due to hydrogen bonding and with explicit account of the electrostatic interactions at the many-body level is able to describe the liquid–vapour coexistence curve and the surface tension at the ambient pressures and temperatures. We obtain very good agreement with available in the literature MD simulation results for density profile of liquid–vapour interface at ambient state parameters. The formulated theory can be used as a theoretical background for describing of the capillary phenomena, occurring in micro- and mesoporous materials

Simulation and control of nanoparticle size distribution in a high temperature reactor

This work focuses on the modeling, simulation and control of particle size distribution (PSD) during nanoparticle growth with the simultaneous chemical reaction, nucleation, condensation, coagulation and convective transport in a high temperature reactor. Firstly, a model known as population balance model was derived. This model describes the formation of particles via nucleation and growth. Mass and energy balances in the reactor were presented in order to study the effect of particle size distribution for each reaction mechanisms on the reactor dynamics, as well as the evolution of the concentrations of species and temperature of the continuous phase. The models were simulated to see whether the reduced population balance can be used to control the particle size distribution in the high temperature reactor. The simulation results from the above model demonstrated that the reduced population balance can be effectively used to control the PSD. The proposed method “which is the application of reduced population balance model” shows that there is some dependence of the average particle diameter on the wall temperature and the model can thus be used as a basis to synthesize a feedback controller where the manipulated variable is the wall temperature of the reactor and the control variable is the average particle diameter at the outlet of the reactor. The infl uence of disturbances on the average particle diameter was investigated and controlled to its new desired set point which is 1400nm using the proportional-integral-derivative controllers (PID controllers). The proposed model was used to control nanoparticle size distribution at the outlet of the reactor

Control of Nanoparticle Growth in High Temperature Reactor: Application of Reduced Population Balance Model

Aerosol processes often are modeled using the population balance equation (PBE). This article presents a study on the simulation of particle size distribution during nanoparticle growth with simultaneous chemical reaction, nucleation, condensation and coagulation. The method used to reduce the population balance model is the method of moments. Under the assumption of lognormal aerosol size distribution, the method of moments was employed to reduce the original model into a set of first-order ODE’s (ordinary differential equations) that accurately reproduce important dynamics of aerosol process. The objective of this study is to investigate if we can use the reduced population balance model for the control of nanoparticle size distribution. The numerical result shows there is a dependence of the average particle diameter on the wall temperatures and the model can thus be used as a basis to synthesize a feedback controller where manipulated variable is the wall temperature of the reactor and the control variable the aerosol size distribution at the outlet of the reactor

Control of Nanoparticle Growth in High Temperature Reactor: Application of Reduced Population Balance Model

Aerosol processes often are modeled using the population balance equation (PBE). This article presents a study on the simulation of particle size distribution during nanoparticle growth with simultaneous chemical reaction, nucleation, condensation and coagulation. The method used to reduce the population balance model is the method of moments. Under the assumption of lognormal aerosol size distribution, the method of moments was employed to reduce the original model into a set of first-order ODE’s (ordinary differential equations) that accurately reproduce important dynamics of aerosol process. The objective of this study is to investigate if we can use the reduced population balance model for the control of nanoparticle size distribution. The numerical result shows there is a dependence of the average particle diameter on the wall temperatures and the model can thus be used as a basis to synthesize a feedback controller where manipulated variable is the wall temperature of the reactor and the control variable the aerosol size distribution at the outlet of the reactor