Brownian dynamics of rigid particles in an incompressible fluctuating fluid by a meshfree method

A meshfree Lagrangian method for the fluctuating hydrodynamic equations (FHEs) with fluid-structure interactions is presented. Brownian motion of the particle is investigated by direct numerical simulation of the fluctuating hydrodynamic equations. In this framework a bidirectional coupling has been introduced between the fluctuating fluid and the solid object. The force governing the motion of the solid object is solely due to the surrounding fluid particles. Since a meshfree formulation is used, the method can be extended to many real applications involving complex fluid flows. A three-dimensional implementation is presented. In particular, we observe the short and long-time behaviour of the velocity autocorrelation function (VACF) of Brownian particles and compare it with the analytical expression. Moreover, the Stokes-Einstein relation is reproduced to ensure the correct long-time behaviour of Brownian dynamics.Comment: 24 pages, 2 figure

FAKTOR RISIKO LINGKUNGAN PADA KEJADIAN PENYAKIT ASMA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS MANGKANG KOTA SEMARANG

Asma di Kota Semarang mengalami kenaikan jumlah dari tahun 2013 berjumlah 5040 kasus menjadi 5711 kasus pada tahun 2014. Prevalensi penyakit asma di Puskesmas Mangkang Kota Semarang sebesar 1,5% dengan jumlah kasus tahun 2014 dan 2015 sebanyak 117 dan 133 kasus. Selain adanya riwayat asma dalam keluarga, adanya partikulat pencemar udara juga berkontribusi terhadap timbulnya asma. Jenis partikulat diantaranya PM10 dan PM2,5. Partikulat pencemar udara di dalam rumah juga dipengaruhi kondisi fisik rumah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor risiko lingkungan dengan kejadian asma di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mangkang Kota Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain penelitian case control. Besar sampel pada masing masing kelompok kasus dan kontrol sama yaitu 37 responden. Sampel pada kelompok kasus merupakan pasien yang didiagnosis menderita asma yang berobat di Puskesmas Mangkang Kota Semarang pada bulan November 2015-April 2016. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan uji Chi Square. Rata rata suhu udara adalah 31 derajat Celcius, kelembaban udara 65%, dan konsentrasi PM10 585µg/m3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 8 variabel bebas yang diteliti terdapat 2 variabel yang berhubungan dengan kejadian asma yaitu kelembaban udara dalam rumah (p-value= 0,048; OR= 3,96; 95% CI= 1,140-13,756) dan keberadaan hewan peliharaan berbulu (p-value= 0,036; OR= 2,70; 95% CI= 1,056-6,941). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian asma di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Mangkang Kota Semarang adalah kelembaban udara dalam rumah dan keberadaan hewan peliharaan. Kata Kunci: Asma, PM10, Pencemaran Udara, Semaran

Infertile Couples in the Family Context: Variation Across Setting

The present research is an attempt to study the perception of family members in three different ecological settings of Jammu (J&K) about childlessness. The sample of the study consisted of 100 family members each from three ecological settings; total 150 family members formed the core group for the study. Snow ball sampling technique was used for sample selection. The tool used for the study was interview guide and informal observation. View point of the family members about childlessness was studied and it was found that family members in all the three settings considered children important for socio-emotional reasons i.e. continuation of lineage, getting social recognition to parents and family and religious reasons such as insurance of salvation. Children were also considered important for marital stability and future security. For causes of childlessness females were somehow held responsible even in those cases where males were clearly diagnosed infertile. Majority of respondents in rural and tribal setting had negative attitude towards childlessness. Some of the respondents reported having positive attitude towards childless couples. Keywords: Childlessness, Infertility, Perception, Ecology, Urban, Rural, Triba

Distributed resource integration analysis and network design of electric power distribution systems

The integration of high percentages of distributed energy resources and controllable loads into the distribution system coupled with the strict power quality and service reliability requirements at the power distribution level are necessitating a significant change in the planning, operation and control of the traditional power distribution system. The future power distribution circuits should be able to accommodate the new technologies while simultaneously providing a desired level of power quality and service reliability to the customers. This thesis aims to address the current and future grid requirements of both existing as well as new distribution systems with regard to power quality and service reliability issues. Several methods are proposed to evaluate and mitigate power quality and service reliability concerns due to the integration of smart grid technologies into both existing and new distribution circuits. Notably, for the existing distribution circuits, integration studies are simulated to analyze and mitigate the impacts of electric vehicle loads and photovoltaic generation on the distribution voltages. Furthermore, the problem of siting, sizing and deployment of distributed energy storage systems in meeting distribution planning requirements with regard to integrating distributed generation and providing contingency requirements is also addressed. A new distribution system both grid-connected and operating in islanded mode, however, could be designed to the new requirements. The new distribution circuit could be designed to meet the power quality and service reliability standards directly, thus more efficiently mitigating the concerns. In the thesis, the new distribution circuit design is approached from the perspective of maximizing the service reliability. For the new distribution circuit, approaches to reliability based distribution circuit design are proposed.Electrical and Computer Engineerin