Diagnóstico y epidemiología de erosión dental

RESUMEN La erosión dental es la pérdida localizada, crónica y patológica de tejido duro dental. Ésta es causada por soluciones químicas las cuales entran en contacto con los dientes. La apariencia de los dientes erosionados es suave, sedosa y brillante, a veces mate, la superficie del esmalte tiene una ausencia de periquimatíes y esmalte intacto en el margen gingival. Se ha hipotetizado que la banda de esmalte preservado a lo largo del margen vestibular y lingual pudiera ser debido a que algunos remanentes de placa podían actuar como una barrera de difusión para los ácidos. Un diagnóstico temprano de este daño del tejido duro dental es de importancia clínica. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar algunos aspectos básicos de erosión dental en términos de diagnóstico y epidemiología. Este documento enfatiza sobre factores de riesgo extrínsecos los cuales son discutidos con respecto a su relevancia para el desarrollo de erosión dental. Salud UIS 2011; 43 (2): 179-189 Palabras clave: Erosión de los dientes, esmalte dental, diagnóstico, epidemiología, etiología, dieta       ABSTRACT Dental erosion is a pathologic, chronic, localized loss of dental hard tissue. It is caused by chemical solutions which come into contact with the teeth. The appearance of eroded teeth is smoothing, silky-glazed, sometimes dull, the enamel surface has an absence of perikymata and intact enamel on the gingival margin. It has been hypothesized that the preserved enamel band along the oral and facial gingival margin could be due to some plaque remnants could act as a diffusion barrier for acids. Early diagnosis of this damage of dental hard tissue is of clinical importance. The aim of this article is to show some basic aspects of dental erosion in terms of diagnosis and epidemiology. This paper emphasize on extrinsic risk factors which are discussed with respect to their relevance for the development of dental erosion. Salud UIS 2011; 43 (2): 179-189 Keywords: Tooth erosion, dental enamel, diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, die

Diagnóstico y epidemiología de erosión dental

RESUMEN La erosión dental es la pérdida localizada, crónica y patológica de tejido duro dental. Ésta es causada por soluciones químicas las cuales entran en contacto con los dientes. La apariencia de los dientes erosionados es suave, sedosa y brillante, a veces mate, la superficie del esmalte tiene una ausencia de periquimatíes y esmalte intacto en el margen gingival. Se ha hipotetizado que la banda de esmalte preservado a lo largo del margen vestibular y lingual pudiera ser debido a que algunos remanentes de placa podían actuar como una barrera de difusión para los ácidos. Un diagnóstico temprano de este daño del tejido duro dental es de importancia clínica. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar algunos aspectos básicos de erosión dental en términos de diagnóstico y epidemiología. Este documento enfatiza sobre factores de riesgo extrínsecos los cuales son discutidos con respecto a su relevancia para el desarrollo de erosión dental. Salud UIS 2011; 43 (2): 179-189 Palabras clave: Erosión de los dientes, esmalte dental, diagnóstico, epidemiología, etiología, dieta       ABSTRACT Dental erosion is a pathologic, chronic, localized loss of dental hard tissue. It is caused by chemical solutions which come into contact with the teeth. The appearance of eroded teeth is smoothing, silky-glazed, sometimes dull, the enamel surface has an absence of perikymata and intact enamel on the gingival margin. It has been hypothesized that the preserved enamel band along the oral and facial gingival margin could be due to some plaque remnants could act as a diffusion barrier for acids. Early diagnosis of this damage of dental hard tissue is of clinical importance. The aim of this article is to show some basic aspects of dental erosion in terms of diagnosis and epidemiology. This paper emphasize on extrinsic risk factors which are discussed with respect to their relevance for the development of dental erosion. Salud UIS 2011; 43 (2): 179-189 Keywords: Tooth erosion, dental enamel, diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, die

Alcohol consumption among college medical students in Pasto (Colombia)

 Objective: To evaluate the reliability of the Spanish version of the AUDIT and assess the rate of problematic alcohol consumers and associated risk factors among medical students in Pasto (Colombia). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a random sample of 340 medical school students. All subjects were interviewed by two trained researchers. According to socio-demographic characteristics, variables such as age, sex, residence, socioeconomic status (SES), marital status, and study year were included. The 10-item Alcohol Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) was used for assessing alcohol consumption. The inter-item correlations and Cronbach’s α coefficient were calculated as measures of the internal consistency of the AUDIT. Results: Factor analysis for the AUDIT items supported a single factor solution, with an eigenvalue of 4.8. Using a cut-off score of 8 for the AUDIT analysis indicated 39.1 % had problematic drinking (52.4 % men and 28.2 % women). There were significant statistical differences according to socio-demographics variables such as age, sex and study year. Conclusion: The AUDIT principal component analysis resulted in a single-factor solution. The estimated occurrence of problematic drinking was high in these medical students. In terms of risk factors, variables such as age, sex and study year were related to higher scores. Preventive programs are needed to educate students about the risks associated to alcohol use

Estudio retrospectivo de trauma dento-alveolar en escolares de Pasto, Colombia.

Objective: determine the prevalence of dento-alveolar trauma in school children at Institución Educativa Municipal (INEM) from Pasto, Colombia, 2007-2008. Method: a cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to assess 325, aged 10 to 12, school children. Variables such as gender, place located, cause, dental anatomical structure, and etiological factors were used. Results: the prevalence of dento-alveolar trauma was 7.4 percent; a higher incidence in males (70.8 percent). A trauma peak was recorded in 11-year-old group (70.8 percent.) Male/female ratio was 2.3:1. Home was the place where dento-alveolar trauma was set, and accidental falls were the main injury cause. Twenty-five percent of school children traumatized had subluxation. The most affected teeth were the maxillary right central incisors (37.5 percent). An increased overbite (25 percent) was found in school children who presented dento-alveolar trauma. Conclusions: teeth injuries were more frequent on 11-year pupils in the assessed population. Dento-alveolar trauma could have an impact on dental aesthetic and the mouth function. Therefore, this trauma is an alarming condition and should have an emergency treatment provided.Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de trauma dentoalveolar en escolares de la Institución Educativa Municipal (INEM) Pasto, Colombia,  entre el 2007 y el 2008. Metodología: se diseñó un estudio descriptivo transversal donde se evaluaron 325 escolares de 10 a 12  años de edad. Se utilizaron variables como sexo, lugar donde se estableció, causa, estructura anatómica dental y factores etiológicos.  Resultados: la prevalencia del trauma dentoalveolar fue del 7,4%, existió una mayor incidencia entre hombres (70,8%). Un pico de trauma  fue visto en el grupo de 11 años de edad (70,8%). La razón hombre/mujer fue 2,3:1. La casa fue el lugar donde se presentó el trauma  dentoalveolar y la principal causa de lesión fueron las caídas accidentales. El 25% de los escolares traumatizados tuvieron subluxación.  Los dientes más afectados fueron los incisivos centrales superiores derechos (37,5%). Un overbite aumentado (25%) fue encontrado en  los escolares, quienes presentaron trauma dentoalveolar. Conclusiones: en la población evaluada los casos de lesiones dentales fueron  más frecuentes en escolares de 11 años. El trauma dentoalveolar en los escolares podría tener un impacto sobre la estética dental y la  función de la boca. Por lo tanto, el trauma es una condición de alarma y debería ser provisto de un tratamiento de emergencia.  &nbsp

Ruídos articulares em estudantes universitários

Introduction: to determine the prevalence of joint noise among 20-year-old university students in Pasto, Nariño, Colombia. Methods: The sample consisted of 173 individuals (77 men and 96 women), who were evaluated according to Temporomandibular Disorder Research Diagnostic Criteria (rdc/tmd Spanish version) Axis. Results: 36 individuals (20.8%) had joint noise; 32 (18.8%) were clicking and 4 (2%) had crepitation. The women/men ratio was 1.7:1 (p > 0.05). Individuals studying a health science career had a higher joint noise rate. In relation to joint noise characteristics, 24 temporomandibular joints (tmj) had clicking/crepitation at the reproducible aperture and 14 had clicking/crepitation at the reciprocal aperture. Additionally, 19 tmj had clicking/crepitation at the reproducible closure and 14 had clicking/ crepitation at the reciprocal closure. 18 (50%) students with joint noise had limited aperture; 68 (39.3%) students had muscular or joint pain when palpated; 17 individuals (47.2%) with joint noise had muscular or joint pain when palpated. Conclusion: The results show the clinical characteristics of joint noise among university students. The prevalence is similar to what is reported among other populations; there is an insignificant difference according to gender, and almost half of those with joint noise had muscular or joint pain when palpated. The presence of clicking is a good indicator of disk displacement with reduction.Introducción: determinar la prevalencia de ruidos articulares en estudiantes universitarios de 20 años de edad en San Juan de Pasto, Nariño, Colombia. Métodos: la muestra consistió de 173 individuos (77 hombres y 96 mujeres), quienes fueron evaluados de acuerdo con los Criterios Diagnósticos para la Investigación de Trastornos Temporomandibulares (RDC/TMD versión española) Eje I. Resultados: 36 individuos (20,8%) tuvieron ruidos articulares; 32 (18,8%) fueron clicking y 4 (2%), crepitación. La razón mujer/hombre fue 1,7:1 (p > 0,05). Los individuos que estudiaron una carrera de ciencias de la salud presentaron una mayor frecuencia de ruidos articulares. En relación con las características de los ruidos articulares, 24 articulaciones temporomandibulares (ATM) tenían un/a clicking/crepitación a la apertura reproducible y 14 tenían un/a clicking/crepitación a la apertura recíproco. Además, 19 ATM presentaron un/a clicking/crepitación al cierre reproducible y 14 presentaron un/a clicking/crepitación al cierre recíproco. Dieciocho (50%) estudiantes con ruidos articulares tenían una apertura limitada; 68 (39,3%) estudiantes tenían dolor muscular o articular a la palpación; 17 individuos (47,2%) con ruidos articulares tenían dolor muscular o articular a la palpación. Conclusión: estos resultados han mostrado las características clínicas de ruidos articulares en estudiantes universitarios. La prevalencia es similar a aquellas reportadas en otras poblaciones; existió una diferencia no significativa según el género, y casi la mitad de los individuos con ruidos articulares tenían dolor muscular o articular a la palpación. La presencia de clicking es un buen indicador de desplazamiento del disco con reducción.Introdução: odeterminar a prevalência de ruídos articulares em estudantes universitários de 20 anos de idade em Pasto, Nariño, Colômbia. Métodos: a mostra consistiu de 173 indivíduos (77 homens e 96 mulheres), que foram avaliados de acordo com os Critérios Diagnósticos para a Pesquisa de Transtornos Temporomandibulares (rdc/ tmd versão espanhola) Eixo I. Resultados: 36 indivíduos (20,8%) tiveram ruídos articular; 32 (18,8%) foram click e 4 (2%), crepitação. A razão mulher/homem foi 1,7:1 (p > 0,05). Os indivíduos que estudaram uma faculdade de ciências da saúde apresentaram uma maior frequência de ruídos articulares. Em relação as características dos ruídos articulares, 24 articulações temporomandibulares (atm) tinham um/a click/crepitação à abertura reproduzível 14 tinham um/a click/crepitação à abertura recíproco. Além disso, 19 atm apresentaram um/a click/crepitação ao fechamento reproduzível e 14 apresentaram um/a click/crepitação ao fechamento recíproco. Dezoito (50%) estudantes com ruídos articulares tinham uma abertura limitada; 68 (39,3%) estudantes tinham dor muscular ou articular à palpação; 17 indivíduos (47,2%) com ruídos articulares tinham dor muscular ou articular à palpação. Conclusão: estes resultados têm mostrado as características clínicas de ruídos articularesem estudantes universitários. A prevalência é similar àquelas reportadas em outras populações; existiu uma diferença não significativa segundo o gênero, e quase a metade dos indivíduos com ruídos articulares tinham dor muscular ou articular à palpação. A presença de click é um bom indicador de deslocamento do disco com redução

Ruídos articulares em estudantes universitários

Introduction: to determine the prevalence of joint noise among 20-year-old university students in Pasto, Nariño, Colombia. Methods: The sample consisted of 173 individuals (77 men and 96 women), who were evaluated according to Temporomandibular Disorder Research Diagnostic Criteria (rdc/tmd Spanish version) Axis. Results: 36 individuals (20.8%) had joint noise; 32 (18.8%) were clicking and 4 (2%) had crepitation. The women/men ratio was 1.7:1 (p > 0.05). Individuals studying a health science career had a higher joint noise rate. In relation to joint noise characteristics, 24 temporomandibular joints (tmj) had clicking/crepitation at the reproducible aperture and 14 had clicking/crepitation at the reciprocal aperture. Additionally, 19 tmj had clicking/crepitation at the reproducible closure and 14 had clicking/ crepitation at the reciprocal closure. 18 (50%) students with joint noise had limited aperture; 68 (39.3%) students had muscular or joint pain when palpated; 17 individuals (47.2%) with joint noise had muscular or joint pain when palpated. Conclusion: The results show the clinical characteristics of joint noise among university students. The prevalence is similar to what is reported among other populations; there is an insignificant difference according to gender, and almost half of those with joint noise had muscular or joint pain when palpated. The presence of clicking is a good indicator of disk displacement with reduction.Introducción: determinar la prevalencia de ruidos articulares en estudiantes universitarios de 20 años de edad en San Juan de Pasto, Nariño, Colombia. Métodos: la muestra consistió de 173 individuos (77 hombres y 96 mujeres), quienes fueron evaluados de acuerdo con los Criterios Diagnósticos para la Investigación de Trastornos Temporomandibulares (RDC/TMD versión española) Eje I. Resultados: 36 individuos (20,8%) tuvieron ruidos articulares; 32 (18,8%) fueron clicking y 4 (2%), crepitación. La razón mujer/hombre fue 1,7:1 (p > 0,05). Los individuos que estudiaron una carrera de ciencias de la salud presentaron una mayor frecuencia de ruidos articulares. En relación con las características de los ruidos articulares, 24 articulaciones temporomandibulares (ATM) tenían un/a clicking/crepitación a la apertura reproducible y 14 tenían un/a clicking/crepitación a la apertura recíproco. Además, 19 ATM presentaron un/a clicking/crepitación al cierre reproducible y 14 presentaron un/a clicking/crepitación al cierre recíproco. Dieciocho (50%) estudiantes con ruidos articulares tenían una apertura limitada; 68 (39,3%) estudiantes tenían dolor muscular o articular a la palpación; 17 individuos (47,2%) con ruidos articulares tenían dolor muscular o articular a la palpación. Conclusión: estos resultados han mostrado las características clínicas de ruidos articulares en estudiantes universitarios. La prevalencia es similar a aquellas reportadas en otras poblaciones; existió una diferencia no significativa según el género, y casi la mitad de los individuos con ruidos articulares tenían dolor muscular o articular a la palpación. La presencia de clicking es un buen indicador de desplazamiento del disco con reducción.Introdução: odeterminar a prevalência de ruídos articulares em estudantes universitários de 20 anos de idade em Pasto, Nariño, Colômbia. Métodos: a mostra consistiu de 173 indivíduos (77 homens e 96 mulheres), que foram avaliados de acordo com os Critérios Diagnósticos para a Pesquisa de Transtornos Temporomandibulares (rdc/ tmd versão espanhola) Eixo I. Resultados: 36 indivíduos (20,8%) tiveram ruídos articular; 32 (18,8%) foram click e 4 (2%), crepitação. A razão mulher/homem foi 1,7:1 (p > 0,05). Os indivíduos que estudaram uma faculdade de ciências da saúde apresentaram uma maior frequência de ruídos articulares. Em relação as características dos ruídos articulares, 24 articulações temporomandibulares (atm) tinham um/a click/crepitação à abertura reproduzível 14 tinham um/a click/crepitação à abertura recíproco. Além disso, 19 atm apresentaram um/a click/crepitação ao fechamento reproduzível e 14 apresentaram um/a click/crepitação ao fechamento recíproco. Dezoito (50%) estudantes com ruídos articulares tinham uma abertura limitada; 68 (39,3%) estudantes tinham dor muscular ou articular à palpação; 17 indivíduos (47,2%) com ruídos articulares tinham dor muscular ou articular à palpação. Conclusão: estes resultados têm mostrado as características clínicas de ruídos articularesem estudantes universitários. A prevalência é similar àquelas reportadas em outras populações; existiu uma diferença não significativa segundo o gênero, e quase a metade dos indivíduos com ruídos articulares tinham dor muscular ou articular à palpação. A presença de click é um bom indicador de deslocamento do disco com redução

Adolescencia: Cambios bio-psicosociales y salud oral

Background: In dentistry, adolescents are an important reference group, since during this period the main dental and maxillary changes occur and their identity is consolidated, which will define their future attitude towards oral health. Methodology: In the years of 1997 through 2007, the National Center for Biotechnology PUBMED data base was searched for articles about adolescent bio-psychosocial features. The search was limited to articles in English and Spanish. Results: Hormonal changes increase weight, stature, muscular and bone mass, and include the acquisition of the secondary sexual characteristics. Regarding oral health, the incidence of dental caries and periodontal disease peaks during these years. In terms of psychosocial characteristics, adolescents solidify their identity in this time. There is an evolution from an autoerotic focus to heterosexuality, show emotional fluctuations, vindicatory social attitudes, and there is a progressive separation from their parents and preferential association with their peers. These changes can lead to problems such as alcoholism, use of psychoactive substances and pregnancy. Conclusions: Adolescents undergo substantial physical and emotional changes. Adolescence is a critical age, for that reason it is important to pay special attention to it, as this period is complex and has an impact on several aspects of oral health. It would be valid to utilize the strategies practiced in other countries to help oral health outcomes during these years, i.e., the inclusion of teaching sessions on adolescence in health programs at university level. © 2008 Corporación Editora Médica del Valle.0000-0002-2805-790

COVID-19: Smoking cessation and the science of dissemination and implementation in dental care

Tobacco use was officially identified as an addiction therefore emerged as a policy focus through pulmonology medicine and epidemiology rather than psychiatry. Currently, evidence demonstrates patients with history of smoking and COVID-19 are 14 times more at risk to progress to pneumonia. Since the latest epidemics have involved different problems related to respiratory diseases, the creation and re-evaluation of the designs of programs for the use of tobacco and electronic cigarettes are mandatory in dental schools. An important tool to develop those programs is the Dissemination and Implementation science.https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000676616https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2805-7901https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/gruplac/jsp/visualiza/visualizagr.jsp?nro=00000000002911ana.mafla@campusucc.edu.cohttps://scholar.google.com/citations?user=MSFc5YoAAAAJ&hl=e

Occlusal and cephalometric characteristics of anterior open-bite among Colombian 5-10 years old school children

Artículo publicado en acceso abierto en la revista: Journal of Oral Research. ISSN Online: 0719-2479. Universidad de Concepción. ChileObjetive. The aim of this study was to determine oclussal and skeletal characteristics of anterior open bite (AOB) according to sex and socioeconomic status (SES) in school children in the municipality of Pasto, Colombia. Methodology. A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 384 children between 5 and 10 years of age. A clinical assessment was performed to evaluate AOB, and information regarding socio-demographic variables, such as sex and SES according to Colombian standards, was obtained. Standardized lateral cephalograms and cast models were taken from participating subjects. A statistical analysis was performed using frequencies, percentages, t-student, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results. Prevalence of AOB was 8.1%, showing a significant difference according to SES. The most common Angle’s classification was Class II with 70.6% in the right molars, and 58.8% in the left molars, according to occlusal characteristics. Statistically significant differences were observed in the ratio of posterior and anterior facial height (PFH:AFH) (p=0.050) according to sex. The distance between the upper first molar and palatal plane (U6-PP) (p=0.028), the Overbite (p=0.032) and Gonial° (p=0.033) values showed statistically significant differences according to SES in vertical skeletal measures. The 64.7% of AOB were of dental origin. Conclusion. Results suggest variations in some vertical skeletal measures according to sex and SES in children with AOB. Since a high percentage of AOB is caused by dental factors, preventive programs are required to control this [email protected]