Фразеологические единицы с компонентом deve в крымскотатарском и турецком языках

Цель и задачи статьи - выявить и охарактеризовать фразеологические единицы крымскотатарского и турецкого языков с компонентом deve/верблюд в структуре национальной когнитивной картины мира

Immunogenicity of an additional mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people with HIV with hyporesponse after primary vaccination

Background:The COVIH study is a prospective coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination study in 1154 people with HIV (PWH), of whom 14% showed reduced antibody levels after primary vaccination. We evaluated whether an additional vaccination boosts immune responses in these hyporesponders. Methods: The primary end point was the increase in antibodies 28 days after additional mRNA-1273 vaccination. Secondary end points included neutralizing antibodies, S-specific T-cell and B-cell responses, and reactogenicity. Results:Of the 66 participants, 40 previously received 2 doses ChAdOx1-S, 22 received 2 doses BNT162b2, and 4 received a single dose Ad26.COV2.S. The median age was 63 years (interquartile range [IQR], 60–66), 86% were male, and median CD4 + T-cell count was 650/μL (IQR, 423–941). The mean S1-specific antibody level increased from 35 binding antibody units (BAU)/ mL (95% confidence interval [CI], 24–46) to 4317 BAU/mL (95% CI, 3275–5360) (P &lt; .0001). Of all participants, 97% showed an adequate response and the 45 antibody-negative participants all seroconverted. A significant increase in the proportion of PWH with ancestral S-specific CD4 + T cells (P = .04) and S-specific B cells (P = .02) was observed. Conclusions:An additional mRNA-1273 vaccination induced a robust serological response in 97% of PWH with a hyporesponse after primary vaccination.</p

From intention to STI prevention: An online questionnaire on barriers and facilitators for discussing sexual risk behaviour among HIV nurses.

We aimed to elucidate facilitators and barriers that HIV nurses experience in discussing sexual risk behaviour with HIV-positive men who have sex with men, using variables from a previous qualitative study and the theory of planned behaviour

Dynamics of Low-Level Viremia and Immune Activation after Switching to a Darunavir-Based Regimen

There is an ongoing debate regarding whether low-level viremia (LLV), in particular persistent LLV, during HIV treatment with optimal adherence originates from low-level viral replication, viral production, or both. We performed an observational study in 30 individuals with LLV who switched to a boosted darunavir (DRV)-based therapy. In-depth virological analyses were used to characterize the viral population and the (activity) of the viral reservoir. Immune activation was examined using cell-bound and soluble markers. The primary outcome was defined as the effect on HIV-RNA and was categorized by responders (&lt;50 cp/mL) or non-responders (&gt;50 cp/mL). At week 24, 53% of the individuals were considered responders, 40% non-responders, and 7% could not be assigned. Sequencing showed no evolution or selection of drug resistance in the non-responders. Production of defective virus with mutations in either the protease (D25N) or RT active site contributed to persistent LLV in two individuals. We show that in about half of the study participants, the switch to a DRV-based regimen resulted in a viral response indicative of ongoing low-level viral replication as the cause of LLV before the switch. Our data confirm that in clinical management, high genetic barrier drugs like DRV are a safe choice, irrespective of the source of LLV.</p

Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Is Noninferior to Continuing Dolutegravir- and Non-Dolutegravir-Based Triple-Drug Antiretroviral Therapy in Virologically Suppressed People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus:DUALING Prospective Nationwide Matched Cohort Study

BACKGROUND: Confirming the efficacy of dolutegravir/lamivudine in clinical practice solidifies recommendations on its use.METHODS: Prospective cohort study (DUALING) in 24 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment centers in the Netherlands. HIV RNA-suppressed cases were on triple-drug antiretroviral regimens without prior virological failure or resistance and started dolutegravir/lamivudine. Cases were 1:2 matched to controls on triple-drug antiretroviral regimens by the use of dolutegravir-based regimens, age, sex, transmission route, CD4 + T-cell nadir, and HIV RNA zenith. The primary endpoint was the treatment failure rate in cases versus controls at 1 year by intention-to-treat and on-treatment analyses with 5% noninferiority margin. RESULTS: The 2040 participants were 680 cases and 1380 controls. Treatment failure in the 390 dolutegravir-based cases versus controls occurred in 8.72% and 12.50% (difference: -3.78% [95% confidence interval {CI}, -7.49% to .08%]) by intention-to-treat and 1.39% and 0.80% (difference: 0.59% [95% CI, -.80% to 1.98%]) by on-treatment analyses. The treatment failure risk in 290 non-dolutegravir-based cases was also noninferior to controls. Antiretroviral regimen modifications unrelated to virological failure explained the higher treatment failure rate by intention-to-treat. A shorter time on triple-drug antiretroviral therapy and being of non-Western origin was associated with treatment failure. Treatment failure, defined as 2 consecutive HIV RNA &gt;50 copies/mL, occurred in 4 cases and 5 controls but without genotypic resistance detected. Viral blips occured comparable in cases and controls but cases gained more weight, especially when tenofovir-based regimens were discontinued.CONCLUSIONS: In routine care, dolutegravir/lamivudine was noninferior to continuing triple-drug antiretroviral regimens after 1 year, supporting the use of dolutegravir/lamivudine in clinical practice.CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT04707326.</p

Development of diagnostic prediction tools for bacteraemia caused by 3rd generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in suspected bacterial infections : a nested case-control study

OBJECTIVES: Current guidelines for empiric antibiotic treatment poorly predict the presence of 3rd generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacteraemia (3GCR-E-Bac) as a cause of infection, thereby increasing unnecessary carbapenem use. We aimed to develop diagnostic scoring systems to better predict the presence of 3GCR-E-Bac. METHODS: A retrospective nested case-control study was performed that included patients ≥18 years from eight Dutch hospitals in whom blood cultures were obtained and intravenous antibiotics were initiated. Each patient with 3GCR-E-Bac was matched to four control infection episodes within the same hospital, based on blood culture date and onset location (community or hospital). Starting from 32 commonly described clinical risk factors available at infection onset, selection strategies were used to derive scoring systems for the probability of community- and hospital-onset 3GCR-E-Bac. RESULTS: 3GCR-E-Bac occurred in 90 of 22,506 (0.4%) community-onset and in 82 of 8,110 (1.0%) hospital-onset infections, and these cases were matched to 360 community-onset and 328 hospital-onset control episodes. The derived community-onset and hospital-onset scoring systems consisted of 6 and 9 predictors, respectively. With selected score cutoffs, the models identified 3GCR-E-Bac with equal sensitivity as existing guidelines (community-onset: 54.3%; hospital-onset: 81.5%). Yet, they reduced the proportion of patients classified as at risk for 3GCR-E-Bac (i.e. eligible for empiric carbapenem therapy) with 40% (95% confidence interval 21-56%) and 49% (95% confidence interval 39-58%) in, respectively, community-onset and hospital-onset infection. CONCLUSIONS: These prediction scores for 3GCR-E-Bac, specifically geared towards the initiation of empiric antibiotic treatment, may improve the balance between inappropriate antibiotics and carbapenem overuse

Development of diagnostic prediction tools for bacteraemia caused by 3rd generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in suspected bacterial infections : a nested case-control study

OBJECTIVES: Current guidelines for empiric antibiotic treatment poorly predict the presence of 3rd generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacteraemia (3GCR-E-Bac) as a cause of infection, thereby increasing unnecessary carbapenem use. We aimed to develop diagnostic scoring systems to better predict the presence of 3GCR-E-Bac. METHODS: A retrospective nested case-control study was performed that included patients ≥18 years from eight Dutch hospitals in whom blood cultures were obtained and intravenous antibiotics were initiated. Each patient with 3GCR-E-Bac was matched to four control infection episodes within the same hospital, based on blood culture date and onset location (community or hospital). Starting from 32 commonly described clinical risk factors available at infection onset, selection strategies were used to derive scoring systems for the probability of community- and hospital-onset 3GCR-E-Bac. RESULTS: 3GCR-E-Bac occurred in 90 of 22,506 (0.4%) community-onset and in 82 of 8,110 (1.0%) hospital-onset infections, and these cases were matched to 360 community-onset and 328 hospital-onset control episodes. The derived community-onset and hospital-onset scoring systems consisted of 6 and 9 predictors, respectively. With selected score cutoffs, the models identified 3GCR-E-Bac with equal sensitivity as existing guidelines (community-onset: 54.3%; hospital-onset: 81.5%). Yet, they reduced the proportion of patients classified as at risk for 3GCR-E-Bac (i.e. eligible for empiric carbapenem therapy) with 40% (95% confidence interval 21-56%) and 49% (95% confidence interval 39-58%) in, respectively, community-onset and hospital-onset infection. CONCLUSIONS: These prediction scores for 3GCR-E-Bac, specifically geared towards the initiation of empiric antibiotic treatment, may improve the balance between inappropriate antibiotics and carbapenem overuse