La désaffiliation partisane: pourquoi les adhérents quittent leur parti? étude de cas: le Parti socialiste francophone en Belgique

Cette recherche appréhende la désaffiliation partisane, définie comme le fait de tout membre qui n’assure plus le paiement de ses cotisations au parti, qu’il s’agisse d’un acte volontaire ou involontaire, d’une démarche active ou passive et indépendamment du type d’engagement qui le caractérisait. Cet objet d’étude est quasi inexploré par les politistes et fait des désaffiliés une figure totalement méconnue. Dans ce cadre, il était nécessaire de choisir un cas d’étude et des données appropriés. La recherche se concentre sur le Parti socialiste francophone en Belgique et utilise les données de deux enquêtes par questionnaire auprès des membres et des désaffiliés ainsi que des entretiens menés avec des désaffiliés. Se basant sur le niveau individuel et sur une conception multidimensionnelle du phénomène étudié et utilisant une méthodologie mixte, cette recherche répond à trois interrogations. Pour répondre à la question « qui sont les désaffiliés ?», un cadre théorique systématisé de la désaffiliation partisane a été construit. Suite aux analyses, il s’avère que les anciens membres se distinguent par certains traits des membres qui restent dans l’organisation. Il est donc possible de prédire la désaffiliation par des causes latentes. Ensuite, pour comprendre quelles sont les raisons de sortie de ces membres, cette recherche examine la diversité des parcours d’adhésion et identifie quatre types de désaffiliés :les fidèles, les désengagés, les sympathisants et les décalés. Enfin, il est également question de savoir comment se déroule la désaffiliation. Découlant directement du cadre hirschmanien et de l’approche sociologique du désengagement, l’étude met en exergue différents processus de désaffiliation selon les classes de désaffiliés. Cette partie met en exergue l’existence d’un processus de disqualification du parti opérant à la base des sections locales ou des sollicitations d’adhésion, les conditions de l’occurrence de la prise de parole, des temps de passivité ainsi que le rôle des évènements politiques et personnels. Avec ces trois questionnements, cette recherche analyse les différentes dimensions de la désaffiliation :la variance intergroupe (désaffiliés versus membres), la variance intragroupe (types de désaffiliés) et la dimension compréhensive (déroulement et perceptions). Cette recherche apporte une connaissance fine d’un phénomène inexploré. Elle permet, entre autres, de dégager des pistes de réflexion sur les approches théoriques de la participation, sur les processus de sélection à l’œuvre dans les partis politiques et sur la substance de l’adhésion partisane au 21ème siècle.Doctorat en Sciences politiques et socialesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Party Membership and Intra-Party Democracy: How Do Members React to Organizational Change within Political Parties? The Case of Belgium

Facing a crucial legitimacy crisis, many Western European political parties have recently undergone various forms of organizational changes by adopting procedures for increasing intra-democracy: internal ballots, internal referenda, primary elections and so on. Direct democracy is now used in a wide range of decision-making procedures such as candidate and leadership selection (Cross and Katz, 2013). These reforms have pro-vided new opportunities for participation to party members. What happens to more traditional elements of party internal structures when such instruments of intra-party democracy are adopted? And more specifically, how are such changes perceived by the party base? This paper explores the attitudes and behaviors of members with regard to intra-party democracy procedures. On the basis of a case study (Belgium) and of an original dataset, the paper explores the political consequences of intra-party democracy. We show that members’ satisfaction with the party and their degree of previous internal activism affect the level of involvement in intra-party democracy activities. However, the dissatisfaction of the party base vis-à-vis of the membership role is growing. Intra-party democratization seems to limit the organizational function of the grass-roots membership to a ‘cheerleading’ role

Le modèle organisationnel du Front national

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Party membership and intra-party democracy: How do members react to organizational change within political parties? The case of Belgium

Facing a crucial legitimacy crisis, many Western European political parties have recently undergone various forms of organizational changes by adopting procedures for increasing intra-democracy: internal ballots, internal referenda, primary elections and so on. Direct democracy is now used in a wide range of decision-making procedures such as candidate and leadership selection (Cross and Katz, 2013). These reforms have provided new opportunities for participation to party members. What happens to more traditional elements of party internal structures when such instruments of intra-party democracy are adopted? And more specifically, how are such changes perceived by the party base? This paper explores the attitudes and behaviors of members with regard to intra-party democracy procedures. On the basis of a case study (Belgium) and of an original dataset, the paper explores the political consequences of intra-party democracy. We show that members' satisfaction with the party and their degree of previous internal activism affect the level of involvement in intra-party de-mocracy activities. However, the dissatisfaction of the party base vis-à-vis of the membership role is growing. Intra-party democratization seems to limit the organizational function of the grass-roots membership to a 'cheerleading' role.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Party internal discontent and factionalism

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Les élections communales à Bruxelles

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Le vote obligatoire (débats, enjeux et défis)

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Party members in a pillarised partitocracy: An empirical overview of party membership figures and profiles in Belgium

This study examines the pillarised and partitocratic nature of Belgian political parties via an empirical overview of their party on the ground. Two main research questions guide the study: To what extent can party membership figures in Belgium be considered as ideal-typical of pillarised or partitocratic parties? And how does the social and political profile of party members in Belgium correspond to what one might expect from pillarised or partitocratic parties? The study relies on two types of data set: party membership figures since WWII and membership survey data of the four ‘dominant’ relatives in each party family in Belgium. The article shows contradicting results. Although party membership figures have nuanced the idea of partitocratic and pillar parties, the analysis of the profile of party members has produced more conclusive results. The members of some parties (PS, CD&V) still display a strong encapsulation in their sociological world, report specific reasons for joining, as well as lower levels of activism than in other parties.The pillar parties in Belgium seem to have reached a paradoxical situation in which their anchorage in civil society is still very strong, yet it relies on a shrinking social basis. These results raise the question of the incentives that parties offer to their party on the ground to mobilise citizens for participation. They indicate a need to look more systematically and empirically at this neglected aspect of party organisation, as it provides important information for the debate on party declineinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe