Investigation of heavy metals in the Persian Gulf pearl oyster Pinctada radiata by using atomic absorption spectroscopy

Bioaccumulation of seven heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Fe, Cd, Pb, Ni, Mn) were determined in the Persian Gulf pearl oyster "Pinctada radiata" collected from major pearl oyster beds of Lavan and Handurabi Islands and Nakhiloo port during six months, winter of 1994 and spring of 1995, by spectroscopy, considering their environmental condition such as : salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen and transparency. Three ways analysis of variance and mean comparison tests, have been used to determine the relationship between concentration of metals and factors including time sampling, sites and size of samples

Hydrocarbons quality survey in the water, sediment and bivalve in the north-eastern of the Persian Gulf

Monthly samples of the bivalve Pinctada fucata were collected within one year (1995-96) in the north-eastern (Nakhiloo, Hendurabi and Lavan) of the Persian Gulf. The objective of this study was hydrocarbons quality survey. Thy above regions are natural habitant of pearl oyster (P.fucata). The primary sampling showed that pearl oyster stocks decreased in Lavan and Hendurabi regions, therefore the regions were selected as experimental stations. The oil hydrocarbons were measured in water (surface and depth), sediment and bivalves. The result indicated that in the north of Lavan, due to few currents of water hydrocarbons' concentration was more than north eastern part of Lavan, Hendurabi and Nakhiloo regions and in the, Nakhiloo region, in which hydrocarbons were less than studied stations, the bivalve size were larger

Investigation of heavy metals accumulation in muscle tissue of Mugil auratus in relation to standard length, weight, age and sex

We assessed concentration of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) in the muscle tissue of Mugil auratus caught from important parts of Caspian Sea in Mazandaran Province in autumn 2002. After biometrical measurements, the muscle tissue of 32 randomly selected fish were separated using standard method MOOPAM 1999. Metals were extracted from the tissues using Closed Digestion method and acidic mixture (Moopam, 1983). Concentrations of the heavy metals were measured by FAAS (AAS4 Zeiss Germany). Mean concentrations for Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd (14.327, 0.996, 2.337 and 0321 ppm/dry weight) were compared with the international standards such as WHO, UK (MAFF), and NHMRC. A T. test showed higher than normal concentration of Pb, Cd in the muscle tissues. We found a positive linear relationship between accumulation of Zinc and Cadmium with weight, sex and standard length factors a negative linear relationship between accumulation of Pb with weight, sex and standard length. There was no significant relationship between accumulations of Cu with the biometrical factors of the sampled fish. Also, no relationship was found between sex and accumulation of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, while the accumulation of Pb in male samples were more than female ones

Ecotoxicological studies on Daphnia magna

In this study we used Daphnia magna as an index organism for ecotoxicological studies. In order to determine the filtration and ingestion rates in Daphnia magna, we used algea Chlorella volgaris (10 mg/1). Prior to the tests, the acute toxicity of the herbicides Machete and Saturn and the pesticides Diazinon and Malathion, in order to calculate their EC50, were determined. The concentrations which caused the same mortality rate in 24 hours as the EC50 concentrations of these chemical did, were 18.49 mg/1 for Machete, 4.46mg/1 for Saturn, 0.31 gr/1 for Diazinon and 1.5 grit for Malathion. In order to study the toxic effect of Machete, Saturn, Diazinon and Malathion on the filtration and ingestion rates, Daphnia magna was exposed to Ec50, 3/4 Ec50 ,1/2 Ec50 and 1/4 Ec50 concentrations. The rates were reduced after the organism had been exposed to these toxic chemicals for 5 hours. The effective concentrations at which feeding rate were reduced by 50%, compared to the controls, were for herbicides activity and pesticides action. These values in regard to filtration and ingestion rates were 2.8 and 3.3 mg/1 for Machete, 1.45 and 1.6 mg/1 for Saturn, 0.16 and 0.075 mg/1 for Diazinon and 0.6 and 0.7 mg/1 for Malathion respectively

Assessing heavy metal content of muscle tissue and caviar of Acipenser persicus and Acipenser stellatus in southern Caspian Sea

WE sampled 139 specimen of Acipenser persicus and 103 Acipenser stellatus over the years 19984999 in five fishing zones of the southern Caspian Sea for heavy metal contamination assessment. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometery was used to determine contamination of the specimens with Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb and cold vapor method for Hg. The mean age for A. persicus and A. stellatus was 17.6±2.6 years and 11.9±1.8 years, respectively. The mean concentrations of heavy metals assessed for dry weight of the muscle tissues and caviar in A. persicus were 26.9 and 65.9 µg/g for Zn, 1.8 and 4.2 µg/g for Cu, 0.61 and 0.111 µg/g for Pb and 0.61 and 0.005 µg/g for Cd. The wet weight concentration of Hg in the muscle tissue and caviar of the fish were 0.06 and 0.007 µg/g respectively. For A. stellatus we determined the mean concentration of heavy metals in dry weight of the muscle tissue and caviar to be 27.4 and 57.8 µg/g for Zn, 1.64 and 4.85 µg/g for Cu, 0.481 and 0.112 µg/g for Pb and 0.59 and 0.005 µg/g for Cd while the wet weight concentration of Hg were 0.05 and 0.008 µg/g. By international standards, the contamination of the muscle tissue and caviar samples with the heavy metals in the two sturgeon species are well below maximum allowable for human consumption

Heavy metal concentration in surficial sediments from Anzali wetland

Concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn were determined in surficial sediments from II sampling sites in Anzali wetland. Four different methods were tested to choose the most efficient procedure for determi-nation of the metals including: 1) HNO3-HCL digestion 2) HCL digestion 3) HNO3 digestion 4) Extraction with EDTA. The measurement of the metal levels was performed using atomic absorption spectroscopy. In order to interpret analytical results, several statistical methods were applied. There was statistically significant differences between the accumulation of the metals in sediments. While considerable differences could not be observed between the seasons. Different patterns could be detected at the levels of each heavy metal in the sampling sites. The sampling site eight showed the lowest similarity compared to others.....

Hydrocarbons quality survey in the water, sediment and bivalve in the north-eastern of the Persian Gulf

Monthly samples of the bivalve Pinctada fucata were collected within one year (1995-96) in the north-eastern (Nakhiloo, Hendurabi and Lavan) of the Persian Gulf. The objective of this study was hydrocarbons quality survey. Thy above regions are natural habitant of pearl oyster (P.fucata). The primary sampling showed that pearl oyster stocks decreased in Lavan and Hendurabi regions, therefore the regions were selected as experimental stations. The oil hydrocarbons were measured in water (surface and depth), sediment and bivalves. The result indicated that in the north of Lavan, due to few currents of water hydrocarbons' concentration was more than north eastern part of Lavan, Hendurabi and Nakhiloo regions and in the, Nakhiloo region, in which hydrocarbons were less than studied stations, the bivalve size were larger.....

Investigation of heavy metals accumulation in muscle tissue of Mugil auratus in relation to standard length, weight, age and sex

We assessed concentration of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) in the muscle tissue of Mugil auratus caught from important parts of Caspian Sea in Mazandaran Province in autumn 2002. After biometrical measurements, the muscle tissue of 32 randomly selected fish were separated using standard method MOOPAM 1999. Metals were extracted from the tissues using Closed Digestion method and acidic mixture (Moopam, 1983). Concentrations of the heavy metals were measured by FAAS (AAS4 Zeiss Gennany). Mean concentrations for Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd (14.327, 0.996, 2.337 and 0.321 ppm/dry weight) were compared with the international standards such as WHO, UK (MAFF), and NHMRC. A T. test showed higher than normal concentration of Pb, Cd in the muscle tissues. We found a positive linear relationship between accumulation of Zinc and Cadmium with weight, sex and standard length factors a negative linear relationship between accumulation of Pb with weight, sex and standard length. There was no significant relationship between accumulations of Cu with the biometrical factors of the sampled fish. Also, no relationship was found between sex and accumulation of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, while the accumulation of Pb in male samples were more than female ones

Investigation of heavy metal pollution in eastern Aegean Sea coastal waters by using Cystoseira barbata, Patella caerulea, and Liza aurata as biological indicators

In order to have an extensive contamination profile of heavy metal levels (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn), seawater, sediment, Patella caerulea, Cystoseira barbata, and Liza aurata were investigated by using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Samples were collected from five coastal stations along the eastern Aegean Sea coast (Turkey) on a monthly basis from July 2002 through May 2003. According to the results of this study, heavy metal levels were arranged in the following sequence: Fe > Pb > Zn > Mn > Ni > Cu > Cd for water, Fe > Cu > Mn > Ni > Zn > Pb > Cd for sediment, Fe > Zn > Mn > Pb > Ni > Cd > Cu for C. barbata, Fe > Zn > Mn > Ni > Pb > Cu > Cd for P. caerulea, and Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cd for L. aurata. Moreover, positive relationships between Fe in water and Mn in water, Fe in sediment and Mn in sediment, Fe in C. barbata and Mn in C. barbata, Fe in P. caerulea and Mn in P. caerulea, and Fe in L. aurata and Mn in L. aurata may suggest that these metals could be originated from the same anthropogenic source. C. barbata represented with higher bioconcentration factor (BCF) values, especially for Fe, Mn, and Zn values. This observation may support that C. barbata can be used as an indicator species for the determinations of Fe, Mn, and Zn levels. Regarding Turkish Food Codex Regulation's residue limits, metal values in L. aurata were found to be lower than the maximum-permissible levels issued by Turkish legislation and also the recommended limits set by FAO/WHO guidelines. The results of the investigation indicated that P. caerulea, L. aurata, and especially C. barbata are quantitative water-quality bioindicators and biomonitoring subjects for biologically available metal accumulation for Aegean Sea coastal waters