Bal Melas

To move towards ensuring community participation in primary education, among the various activities planned, Bal Mela-s provide an important platform for connecting communities, schools and children through a tangible context. It is a great learning experience for children outside the classroom because it fosters interest and understanding in children. Various games based on memory, accuracy, concentration, creativity and imagination are organised in Bal Mela-s

A Study on Maize Production in Samastipur (Bihar): An Empirical Analysis

Maize is an important cereal crop in the world. It has several important uses for industrial purposes, human food and animal feed. It is grown under variety of agro-ecological conditions and posses highest yield potential above 80 quintal per hectare among the food grain crop. The demand of maize is growing globally due to multiple uses and need to increase production continuously. This crop has tremendous potential for increase in productivity, profitability and sustainability in agriculture. But the drawback is that it is cultivated mostly under stress condition. In this backdrop the present study has plan to access the maize production and utilization system in Samastipur district of Bihar with objectives of maize production system prevails in the area, opportunities for utilization of maize and constraints thereon is the main focus of the paper. The study is based on primary data collected through 120 different categories of house hold from six villages falls under two blocks in Samastipur district. The main findings emerged from the analysis that in study area farmers were growing maize extensively in rabi season only. In kharif season flood and water logging condition is the main problem from August to January almost every year. Due to high risk involved in kharif and summer season farmers were found growing maize generally local variety with less input use. The farmers were reported that adoption of hybrid maize during risk situation avoids and uses open pollinated varieties (OPVs). Due to lacks of good quality maize seed varieties particularly for stress situation of flood, and droughts, bad marketing facilities, storage facilities etc. are the factors which limits the increase in productivity and production of maize in the areas. The hybrid variety of maize during the rabi season was extensively grown for commercial purpose not for consumption of human is the main drawback of utilization. The study also finds that due to high risk involve in kharif and summer season farmer were kept their cultivated land fallow. The paper suggests that more research and development is required for increase production and productivity particularly in abiotic stress conditions in the study area with development of suitable hybrid varieties of maize for human consumption. This is important for food and nutritional security to the economically poor families in the study area

A Study on Maize Production in Samastipur (Bihar): An Empirical Analysis

Maize is an important cereal crop in the world. It has several important uses for industrial purposes, human food and animal feed. It is grown under variety of agro-ecological conditions and posses highest yield potential above 80 quintal per hectare among the food grain crop. The demand of maize is growing globally due to multiple uses and need to increase production continuously. This crop has tremendous potential for increase in productivity, profitability and sustainability in agriculture. But the drawback is that it is cultivated mostly under stress condition. In this backdrop the present study has plan to access the maize production and utilization system in Samastipur district of Bihar with objectives of maize production system prevails in the area, opportunities for utilization of maize and constraints thereon is the main focus of the paper. The study is based on primary data collected through 120 different categories of house hold from six villages falls under two blocks in Samastipur district. The main findings emerged from the analysis that in study area farmers were growing maize extensively in rabi season only. In kharif season flood and water logging condition is the main problem from August to January almost every year. Due to high risk involved in kharif and summer season farmers were found growing maize generally local variety with less input use. The farmers were reported that adoption of hybrid maize during risk situation avoids and uses open pollinated varieties (OPVs). Due to lacks of good quality maize seed varieties particularly for stress situation of flood, and droughts, bad marketing facilities, storage facilities etc. are the factors which limits the increase in productivity and production of maize in the areas. The hybrid variety of maize during the rabi season was extensively grown for commercial purpose not for consumption of human is the main drawback of utilization. The study also finds that due to high risk involve in kharif and summer season farmer were kept their cultivated land fallow. The paper suggests that more research and development is required for increase production and productivity particularly in abiotic stress conditions in the study area with development of suitable hybrid varieties of maize for human consumption. This is important for food and nutritional security to the economically poor families in the study area

Bal Melas

To move towards ensuring community participation in primary education, among the various activities planned, Bal Mela-s provide an important platform for connecting communities, schools and children through a tangible context. It is a great learning experience for children outside the classroom because it fosters interest and understanding in children. Various games based on memory, accuracy, concentration, creativity and imagination are organised in Bal Mela-s

Prediction of excess heat capacity from internal pressure data for <i>n</i>-alkoxyethanol + water mixtures at 298.15 K

28-34Excess heat capacities (CPE) have been determined at 298.15 K for nine binary liquid mixtures of alkoxyethanols with water both from the Prigogine-Flory theory and the internal pressure data. Internal pressure values have been computed on the basis of the statistical thermodynamic theory due to Flory. Values of deviation in internal pressure (ΔPint) have also been obtained from the data of pure components

Volumetric and acoustic studies of binary liquid mixtures of propylene glycol monopropyl ether + n-alkylamine at 288.15, 298.15 and 308.15 K

735-745The densities, ρ, and the speeds of sound, u, for binary liquid mixtures containing propylene glycol monopropyl ether (PGMPE) and n- butylamine (BA), dibutylamine (DBA) or tributylamine (TBA) have been measured as a function of composition using a vibrating tube densimeter and sound analyzer Anton-Paar model DSA-5000 at temperatures 288.15, 298.15 and 308.15 K and atmospheric pressure. From these data excess molar volumes, Vm E , the thermal expansion coefficient, αE, and deviations in isentropic compressibility, Δκs, have been calculated.. The Vm E values are negative over the whole mole fraction range for the systems propylene glycol monopropyl ether + n-butylamine, and dibutylamine, and positive for the system propylene glycol monopropyl ether + tributylamine. whereas the Δκs values are negative over the entire range of composition for all mixtures with the exception of tributylamine. Also, in the present study, thermophysical parameters such as apparent molar volume ,vФ,i, and apparent molar isentropic compressibility, K φ,i are studied for the PGMPE with BA, DBA or TBA. The results reveal the dominance of ether – BA or DBA as compared to ether –TBA interactions which are found to increase with elevation of temperature but decrease with increasing the chain length of alkylamine. Further, the deviation of the speeds of sound uD from their ideal values uid in an ideal mixture have been calculated for all measured values of mole fraction x1. Sign and magnitude of Vm E, Δκs and uD with respect to the composition and temperature have been used to analyze the mixing behavior of the components

Viscosities for binary liquid mixtures of some <i>n</i>-alkoxyethanols with alkyl acetates at 298.15 K

1322-1326Viscosities at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure for binary liquid mixtures of (n-alkoxyethanols + methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate) have been measured as a function of composition using an Ubbelohde viscometer. The n-alkoxyethanols are 2-methoxyethanol, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol, 2-{2-(2-methyoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethanol, 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol, and 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol. The deviations in viscosities (ΔInη]) and excess energies of activation (ΔG*E) for viscous flow have been calculated from the experimental data. Bloomfield and Dewan model has been used to calculate viscosity coefficients, which are compared with experimental data for these mixtures

Excess molar volumes and viscosities of binary mixtures of 2-{ 2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethoxy}ethanol with chloroalkanes at 298.15 K

275-279Molar excess volumes (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">VE ) and dynamic viscosities (η) have been measured for binary liquid mixtures of 2- {2-(2- butoxyethoxy)ethoxy}ethanol with dichloromethane, trichloromethane, and tetrachloromethane at 298.1 5 K and at atmospheric pressure. The excess volumes are negative over the entire concentration range for the systems studied. The viscosity results have been analyzed using the viscosity equations of McAllister and Heric. From the experimental data, deviation in the viscosity (Δlnη) and excess energies of activation for viscous flow (ΔG*E)have been calculated. These values are positive over the whole range of composition for all the mixtures. The results for VE , Δlnη  and ΔG*E  <span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">are discussed in terms of the interaction between the components of the mixtures. The Flory model have also been used to calculate <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">VE, and are compared with experimental data.</span