Giant Pulses from PSR B1937+21 with widths <= 15 nanoseconds and T_b >= 5 x 10^39 K, the Highest Brightness Temperature Observed in the Universe

Giant radio pulses of the millisecond pulsar B1937+21 were recorded with the S2 VLBI system at 1.65 GHz with NASA/JPL's 70-m radio telescope at Tidbinbilla, Australia. These pulses have been observed as strong as 65000 Jy with widths <= 15 ns, corresponding to a brightness temperature T_b >= 5 x 10^39 K, the highest observed in the universe. The vast majority of these pulses occur in a 5.8 mcs and 8.2 mcs window at the very trailing edges of the regular main pulse and interpulse profiles, respectively. Giant pulses occur in general with a single spike. Only in one case out of 309 was the structure clearly more complex. The cumulative distribution is fit by a power law with index -1.40 +/- 0.01 with a low-energy but no high-energy cutoff. We estimate that giant pulses occur frequently but are only rarely detected. When corrected for the directivity factor, 25 giant pulses are estimated to be generated in one neutron star revolution alone. The intensities of the giant pulses of the main pulses and interpulses are not correlated with each other nor with the intensities or energies of the main pulses and interpulses themselves. Their radiation energy density can exceed 300 times the plasma energy density at the surface of the neutron star and can even exceed the magnetic field energy density at that surface. We therefore do not think that the generation of giant pulses is linked to the plasma mechanisms in the magnetosphere. Instead we suggest that it is directly related to discharges in the polar cap region of the pulsar.Comment: 14 pages, 13 figures, to be published in ApJ, November 2004, v. 616, also was presented in Russian National Astronomical Conference VAK-2004, "Horizons of the Universe" held in Moscow State University, Sternberg Astronomical Institute, June 3-10, 2004, page 19

Инициативная студенческая лаборатория интерактивных обучающих ресурсов: цели, результаты, перспективы

Presented an initiative students laboratory of interactive educational resources, created in 2011-12 academic year in the chair of Applied Mathematics of Ural State University of Economics. There is described the purpose of its creation, analyzed the experience and perspectives of its work.Представлена инициативная студенческая лаборатория интерактивных образовательных ресурсов, созданная в 2011-12 учебном году на кафедре Прикладной математики Уральского государственного экономического университета. Описаны цели ее создания, проанализирован опыт и перспективы работы

Total linear polarization in the OH maser W75N: VLBA polarization structure

W75N is a star-forming region containing various ultracompact HII regions and OH, water, and methanol maser emission. Our VLBA map shows that the OH masers are located in a thin disk rotating around an O-star which is the exciting star of the ultracompact HII region VLA1. A separate set of maser spots is connected with the ultracompact HII region VLA2. The radial velocity of OH maser spots varies across the disk from 3.7 km/s to 10.9 km/s. The diameter of the disk is 4000 A.U. All maser spots are strongly polarized. This are the first OH masers showing nearly 100 per cent linear polarization in several spots. Two maser spots seem to be Zeeman pairs corresponding to a magnetic field of 5.2 mgauss and 7.7 mgauss, and in one case we tentatively found a Zeeman pair consisting of two linearly polarized components. The linearly polarized maser spots are shown to be sigma-components which is the case of the magnetic field being perpendicular to the line of sight. The direction of the magnetic field as determined from linearly polarized spots is perpendicular to the plane of the disk, although the galactic Faraday rotation may significantly affect this conclusion.Comment: 14 figures, 1 table, 27 pages. accepted for publication in ApJ, scheduled for v.564, N1, 200

Space-VLBI observations of OH maser OH34.26+0.15: low interstellar scattering

We report on the first space-VLBI observations of the OH34.26+0.15 maser in two main line OH transitions at 1665 and 1667 MHz. The observations involved the space radiotelescope on board the Japanese satellite HALCA and an array of ground radio telescopes. The map of the maser region and images of individual maser spots were produced with an angular resolution of 1 milliarcsec which is several times higher than the angular resolution available on the ground. The maser spots were only partly resolved and a lower limit to the brightness temperature 6x10^{12} K was obtained. The maser seems to be located in the direction of low interstellar scattering, an order of magnitude lower than the scattering of a nearby extragalactic source and pulsar.Comment: 8 pages, 2 tables, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Влияние ферментозаместительной терапии на обструкцию верхних дыхательных путей у детей с мукополисахаридозами: ретроспективное когортное исследование

Background. Data on the efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in relation to the pathology of ENT organs and respiratory performance in sleep in children with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is poorly presented in the literature. Our aim was to assess the effect of ERT on the upper respiratory tract in children with MPS. Methods. According to the case histories, we studied treatment results of children with MPS type I and II who received ERT in the Research Center of Children’s Health from January 2007 to November 2016. The severity of upper airway obstruction and its change during ERT was assessed according to indices of apnea-hypopnea and desaturation (SpO2), average/minimal SpO2, duration of SpO2 episodes &lt; 90%, and hypertrophy degree of palatine tonsils and adenoids. Results. The severity of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome did not progress in children (n = 15) with MPS against the background of ERT with a median duration of 38 (23; 48) months: initially, the apnea-hypopnea index was 3 (1.3; 7.7), while the repeated study — 2.6 (0.9; 13.5) (p = 0.507). There was also no statistically significant change in cardiorespiratory monitoring values. Conclusion. Long-term ERT in children with MPS type I and II interferes with the progression of airway obstruction.Обоснование. Данные об эффективности ферментозаместительной терапии (ФЗТ) в отношении патологии ЛОР- органов и показателей дыхания во сне у детей с мукополисахаридозом (МПС) в литературе представлены скудно.Цель исследования — оценить влияние ФЗТ на состояние верхних дыхательных путей у детей с МПС.Методы. По историям болезни изучали результаты лечения детей с МПС I и II типов, получавших ФЗТ в Научном центре здоровья детей (ныне ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России) с января 2007 по ноябрь 2016 г. Выраженность обструкции верхних дыхательных путей и ее изменение на фоне ФЗТ оценивали по индексам апноэ-гипопноэ и десатурации (SpO2), средней/минимальной SpO2, продолжительности эпизодов SpO2&lt; 90% и степени гипертрофии небных миндалин и аденоидов.Результаты. У детей (n=15) с МПС на фоне ФЗТ продолжительностью (медиана) 38 (23; 48) мес тяжесть синдрома обструктивного апноэ сна не прогрессировала: исходно индекс апноэ-гипопноэ составил 3 (1,3; 7,7), при повторном исследовании — 2,6 (0,9; 13,5) (р=0,507). Также не установлено статистически значимого изменения показателей кардиореспираторного мониторинга.Заключение. Длительная ФЗТ у детей с МПС I и II типов препятствует прогрессированию обструкции дыхательных путей.КОНФЛИКТ ИНТЕРЕСОВ Л.С. Намазова-Баранова — получение исследовательских грантов от фармацевтических компаний Пьер Фабр, Genzyme Europe B. V., ООО «Астра зенека Фармасьютикалз», Gilead / PRA «Фармасьютикал Рисерч Ассошиэйтс СиАйЭс», Bionorica, Teva Branded Pharmaceutical products R&amp;D, Inc / ООО «ППД Девелопмент (Смоленск)», «Сталлержен С. А.» / «Квинтайлс ГезмбХ» (Австрия). Л.М. Кузенкова, А.К. Геворкян, Т.В. Подклетнова, Н.Д. Вашакмадзе читают лекции для компаний «Санофи Джензайм», «Шайер», «Биомарин». Остальные авторы подтвердили отсутствие конфликта интересов, о котором необходимо сообщить

Examination of pathological process pecularities caused by A/duck/Altai/469/14 H5N1 isolate of avian influenza virus in chickens

Data on examination of chickens intranasally infected with А/duck/Altai/469/14 H5N1 isolate of avian influenza virus for clinical signs and microscopic and gross pathomorphological lesions in their organs are given in the paper. The virus antigen was identified in chicken tissue lesions by immunohistochemical method