14,867 research outputs found
Origin of Superconductivity in Boron-doped Diamond
Superconductivity of boron-doped diamond, reported recently at T_c=4 K, is
investigated exploiting its electronic and vibrational analogies to MgB2. The
deformation potential of the hole states arising from the C-C bond stretch mode
is 60% larger than the corresponding quantity in MgB2 that drives its high Tc,
leading to very large electron-phonon matrix elements. The calculated coupling
strength \lambda ~ 0.5 leads to T_c in the 5-10 K range and makes phonon
coupling the likely mechanism. Higher doping should increase T_c somewhat, but
effects of three dimensionality primarily on the density of states keep doped
diamond from having a T_c closer to that of MgB2.Comment: Four pages with two embedded figures, corrected fig1. (To appear in
Physical Review Letters(2004)
The Ever-Shifting Internet Population
Presents findings from surveys conducted between March and May 2002. Takes a new look at Internet access and the digital divide. Explores factors of cost, lack of technology skills, and physical access (particularly for persons with disabilities)
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EUS-guided portal pressure gradient measurement with a simple novel device: a human pilot study.
Background and aimsPortal hypertension is a serious adverse event of liver cirrhosis. Recently, we developed a simple novel technique for EUS-guided portal pressure gradient (PPG) measurement (PPGM). Our animal studies showed excellent correlation between EUS-PPGM and interventional radiology-acquired PPGM. In this video we demonstrate the results of the first human pilot study of EUS-PPGM in patients with liver disease.MethodsEUS-PPGM was performed by experienced endosonographers using a linear echoendoscope, a 25-gauge FNA needle, and a novel compact manometer. The portal vein and hepatic vein (or inferior vena cava) were targeted by use of a transgastric or transduodenal approach. Feasibility was defined as successful PPGM in each patient. Safety was based on adverse events captured in a postprocedural interview.ResultsTwenty-eight patients underwent EUS-PPGM with 100% technical success and no adverse events. PPG ranged from 1.5 to 19 mm Hg and had excellent correlation with clinical parameters of portal hypertension, including the presence of varices (P = .0002), PH gastropathy (P = .007), and thrombocytopenia (P = .036).ConclusionThis novel technique of EUS-PPGM using a 25-gauge needle and compact manometer is feasible and appears safe. Given the availability of EUS and the simplicity of the manometry setup, EUS-guided PPG may represent a promising breakthrough for procuring indispensable information in the management of patients with liver disease
Materials and Methods Useful to Affect Growth and Development of Lepidoptera Larvae
The present invention provides materials and methods related to causing insect resistance in plants. Specifically, the present invention provides nucleic acid compounds which encode a teratocyte secreted protein (TSP) which is capable of causing inhibition of growth and developmental arrest in Lepidoptera larvae. Cells and plants (including plant parts, seeds, embryos, etc.) comprising the nucleic acid compounds are also within the scope of the present invention. The present invention also provides amino acid compounds encoded by the nucleic acid compounds of the present invention, as well as methods to induce larval developmental arrest, methods to produce the nucleic acid and amino acid compounds, and methods to inhibit crop damage due to Lepidoptera infestation
Sublattice addressing and spin-dependent motion of atoms in a double-well lattice
We load atoms into every site of an optical lattice and selectively spin flip
atoms in a sublattice consisting of every other site. These selected atoms are
separated from their unselected neighbors by less than an optical wavelength.
We also show spin-dependent transport, where atomic wave packets are coherently
separated into adjacent sites according to their internal state. These tools
should be useful for quantum information processing and quantum simulation of
lattice models with neutral atoms
Two-gap superconductivity in MgB: clean or dirty?
A large number of experimental facts and theoretical arguments favor a
two-gap model for superconductivity in MgB. However, this model predicts
strong suppression of the critical temperature by interband impurity scattering
and, presumably, a strong correlation between the critical temperature and the
residual resistivity. No such correlation has been observed. We argue that this
fact can be understood if the band disparity of the electronic structure is
taken into account, not only in the superconducting state, but also in normal
transport
Kohn Anomaly in MgB2 by Inelastic X-Ray Scattering
We study phonons in MgB2 using inelastic x-ray scattering (1.6 and 6 meV
resolution). Our measurements show excellent agreement with theory for the
dispersion and line-width: we clearly observe the softening and broadening of
the crucial E2g mode through the Kohn anomaly along GM. Low temperature
measurements (just above and below Tc) show negligible changes for the
momentum-transfers investigated, and no change in the E2g mode at A between
room temperature and 16K. We report the presence of a longitudinal mode along
GA near in energy to the E2g mode that is not predicted by theory.Comment: 7 Pages of text and references 4 Figures in 4 page
Resistivity of a Metal between the Boltzmann Transport Regime and the Anderson Transition
We study the transport properties of a finite three dimensional disordered
conductor, for both weak and strong scattering on impurities, employing the
real-space Green function technique and related Landauer-type formula. The
dirty metal is described by a nearest neighbor tight-binding Hamiltonian with a
single s-orbital per site and random on-site potential (Anderson model). We
compute exactly the zero-temperature conductance of a finite size sample placed
between two semi-infinite disorder-free leads. The resistivity is found from
the coefficient of linear scaling of the disorder averaged resistance with
sample length. This ``quantum'' resistivity is compared to the semiclassical
Boltzmann expression computed in both Born approximation and multiple
scattering approximation.Comment: 5 pages, 3 embedded EPS figure
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