Mixed Methods Design: A Narrative Literature Review

In this study it is aimed to review the description and structure of mixed methods design along with the research process from conducting to concluding. According to this aim, a narrative literature review technique, a type of literature review, is used. What is mixed methods design, how it is structured and how the process is conducted are theoretically clarified in this study. In addition to this, the points which are taken into consideration while presenting a research planned and conducted as a mixed methods design with mixed methods research’s examples gathered from the literature are examined. As a result of review, the rules of mixing qualitative and quantitative research designs in a study designed according to mixed methods research should be considered. The decision of selecting the type of mixed methods designs should be determined. Moreover, mixing rules as timing, priority and integration should be regarded while mixing qualitative and quantitative research. While composing research questions, qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods research questions should be included. The rules of the selected type of mixed methods design should be followed during conducting the research process and concluding the research. A researcher should make the presentation of mixed methods research in terms of given rules.

Mixed Methods Design: A Narrative Literature Review

In this study it is aimed to review the description and structure of mixed methods design along with the research process from conducting to concluding. According to this aim, a narrative literature review technique, a type of literature review, is used. What is mixed methods design, how it is structured and how the process is conducted are theoretically clarified in this study. In addition to this, the points which are taken into consideration while presenting a research planned and conducted as a mixed methods design with mixed methods research’s examples gathered from the literature are examined. As a result of review, the rules of mixing qualitative and quantitative research designs in a study designed according to mixed methods research should be considered. The decision of selecting the type of mixed methods designs should be determined. Moreover, mixing rules as timing, priority and integration should be regarded while mixing qualitative and quantitative research. While composing research questions, qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods research questions should be included. The rules of the selected type of mixed methods design should be followed during conducting the research process and concluding the research. A researcher should make the presentation of mixed methods research in terms of given rules.

Biological Control Potential of Native Entomopathogenic Nematodes against the Potato Tuber Moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Turkey

Abstract.-The biocontrol efficiency of three Turkish isolates of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae, S. feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were evaluated against the last instar of potato tuber moth (PTM) Phthorimaea operculella under laboratory conditions. To determine optimum nematode application rate and temperature, the experiments were conducted with 100, 500 and 1000 IJs at 10, 15 and 25 o C. Temperature and nematode concentration had a significant effect on P. operculella larval mortality. S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora species displayed generally increased virulence in parallel with rising temperature and the number of infective juveniles applied. At 25°C and 1000 IJs concentration, the larval mortality was 96 and 80% for S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora, respectively. However, S. feltiae did not exhibit more than 40% mortality at any temperature or concentration, except when the nematodes were applied in infected insect host cadavers. At 25°C, infected cadaver applications showed 97, 83 and 67% mortality for S. carpocapsae, H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae, respectively. Our results indicate that P. operculella larvae are quite susceptible to entomopathogenic nematode infection and, in particular, S. carpocapsae blacksea strain has a high level of potential to control this pest

Evaluation of Hemodynamic Parameters during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Children with Sickle Cell Disease and Non-Sickle Cell Disease

Background: Aim of this study is to evaluate if there is any difference in terms of hemodynamic parameters during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) in children with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) and Non-Sickle Cell Disease (NSCD). Methods: Twenty children with asymptomatic cholelithiasis, recruited for elective LC were allocated into two groups: group 1 (n: 10) children without SCD (control group), and group 2 (n: 10) children with SCD. All of the patients with SCD had preoperative hematological evaluation for the surgical procedure. Study parameters included: heart rate, mean blood pressure, Peak Inspiration Pressure (PIP), end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration (PETCO2), expiratory tidal volume (Vt), O2 saturation, arterial blood gases (pH, PaCO2, PaO2, HCO3), hematocrit and intra-abdominal pressures. Parameters were recorded at five moments: before CO2 insufflation, 15, 45, 60 minutes after insufflation in reverse Trendelenburg position and 5 minutes after CO2 insufflation in the supine position. Results: Regarding all parameters, before and after CO2 insufflation and after CO2 insufflation, there were insignificant changes in each group and between the two groups. Intra-abdominal pressure changes did not affect the hemodynamic parameters. No postoperative complication was observed and the post-operative hospital stay in two groups was similar. Conclusion: Although sample size is not enough this study reveal that laparoscopic cholecystectomy does not have any adverse effects on hemodynamic parameters of children with sickle cell disease. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy may be feasible and as safe as in NSCD patients

Indication and efficacy of splenectomy in children with hematological

Amaç: Bu çalışmada çocuklarda hematolojik hastalıklar nedeniyle yapılan splenektominin faydasını ve endikasyonlarının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Hastanemizde 2009-2015 yılları arasında, 0-17 yaş aralığında, herhangi bir sebepten dolayı splenektomi yapılmış hastalar araştırıldı. Hastalarının yaşı, cinsiyeti, tanıları, postsplenektomi enfeksiyon olup olmadığı, portal venoz tromboz (PVT) olup olmadığı, ameliyat tipi, preoperatif ve postoperatif beyaz küre sayısı, hemotokrit ve trombosit sayısı, eşzamanlı kolesistektomi, dalak boyutu ve ameliyattan fayda görüp görmediği retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Hastaların (n=58) yaş ortancası 8’di. %41’i kız, %59 ‘u erkekti. Dört hastada splenektomi sonrası PVT gelişti. Hastaların 8’ine laparoskopik splenektomi yapıldı. 2 hasta ise ameliyata laparoskopik başlanmış ancak kanama sebebiyle açığa dönülmüştür. On dört hastaya eş zamanlı kolesistektomi yapıldı. En çok orak hücreli anemi (n=20 %34.5) ,daha sonra talasemi major ( n=17 %29,3) ve immün trombositopenik purpura (n=6 %10,3) tanılarıyla splenektomi yapıldı. Dokuz (%15) hasta splenektomi sonrası enfeksiyon nedeniyle hastanemize yatışı yapıldı. Hastaların 17 ‘sinde splenektomiden fayda görüp görmediği veri yetersizliğinden dolayı değerlendirilemedi. Değerlendirilen hastaların %85’i (n=35) splenektomiden fayda gördü. 4 hasta eksitus olmuştur. Talasemi major ve immün trombositopenik purpura olan birer hasta splenektomiden fayda görmedi. Orak hücreli anemi olan hastaların hepsi splenektomiden fayda gördü. Sonuç: Splenektomi, hala birçok hematolojik hastalığın tedavisi için kullanılan etkili cerrahi bir işlemdir. Trombosit sayısını yükseltmek için yapılan ameliyatlarda hastanın yaşı, azda olsa önemlidir.Purpose:. We aimed to research benefits and indications of splenectomy operation due to hematological disease in children. Materials and Methods: The children who underwent to splenectomy due to hematological diseases between 2009-2015 were included in this study. Age of patients, sex, diagnosis, post splenectomy infection, portal vein thrombosis (PVT), operation types, pre and post operative thrombocyte, leucocyte and hematocrit counts, simultaneous cholecystectomy, spleen size, the efficacy of operation were noted retrospectively. Results: Median age of the patients (n=58) was 8. 41% of them were girl and 51% were boy. PVT occurred in 4 patients after splenectomy. 8 of them underwent splenectomy laparoscopically. 2 had conversion due to uncontrolled bleeding. 14 patients underwent cholecystectomy simultaneously. Diagnosis were sickle cell anemia (SCA) (n=20, 34.5%), thalassemia major (n=17, 29.3%) and immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) (n=6, 10.3%). 9 (15%) patients were hospitalized because of post splenectomy infections. Efficacy of splenectomy was not evaluated in 17 patients due to data lack. Efficacy of splenectomy was 85% in evaluated patients. 4 patients were death. One each of thalassemia major and ITP patients had no benefit and all of SCA patients had benefited from splenectomy. Conclusion: Splenectomy is still efficient operation procedure for many hematologic diseases. Age of patients is also important in respect of increasing thrombocyte count

Uterine Junctional Zone Thickness, Cervical Length and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis of Body Composition in Women with Endometriosis

Objective: We aimed to evaluate uterine junctional zone thickness, cervical length and bioelectrical impedance analysis of body composition in women with endometriosis.Material and Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in a tertiary teaching hospital. A total of 73 patients were included in the study. Endometriosis was surgically diagnosed in 36 patients (study group). The control group included 37 patients. Main outcome measure(s): Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to measure body composition. Uterine junctional zone thickness and cervical length were measured by transvaginal ultrasonography.Results: Patients’ characteristics (age, gravida, parity, live baby, age of menarche, lengths of menstrual cycle , percentage of patients with dysmenorrhea, positive family history), body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), amount of body fat (kg), percentage of body fat were not statistically different between the two groups (p>0.05). The length of menstruation and cervical length were longer in women with endometriosis. Similarly, the inner myometrium was thicker in women with endometriosis than the control group. Conclusion: The relation between endometriosis and demographic features such as age, gravida, parity, gravida, BMI, lengths of the menstrual cycle, age of menarche are controversial. Longer cervical length and thicker inner myometrial layer may be important in the etiopathogenesis of endometriosis

Biliary Atresia Splenic Malformation Syndrome: A Single Center Experience

Introduction: The cause of biliary atresia (BA) is not understood exactly as well as biliary atresia splenic malformation (BASM) syndrome. BA is destructive biliary fibrosis; the etiology may be multifactorial. Association of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and BA have been shown in many reports but CMV and BASM have not been mentioned in the literature. So we aimed to report BASM experiences, an association of CMV infection and need of duodenoduodenostomy if preduodenal portal vein exists. Materials and Methods: The data were collected retrospectively from Cukurova University which is one of the largest tertiary hospitals in Turkey between 2005-2017. The patients of sex, age, blood chemistry counts, TORCH infections blood parameters, BA types, operational findings and mortality were noted. Results: In total, 59 BA patients were diagnosed between 2005- 2017. Seven of them were classified as BASM. The median age of them was 60 days (45-90 days). Three of them were girl and 4 of them were male in gender. The main complaint of whole patients was jaundice. The jaundice of 6 patients began since birth. One of them began at 20 days-age. Median total / direct blood bilirubin levels were 9.6 / 5.4 mg/dl. Median values of liver function tests; ALT, AST and GGT were 77 IU/L, 201 IU/L and 607 IU/L respectively. Five of the patients showed positive results for anti-CMV immunoglobulin M. All had positive anti-CMV Ig G and anti-toxoplasmosis Ig G. Evaluation of the types of BA revealed that one patient had type 2, while all others had type 3. Four of BASM patients had polysplenia and one had asplenia. Five of them had a preduodenal portal vein. All of them had midgut malrotation. One had inferior vena cava interruption. One had hepatic artery anomaly which was originated from SMA. The median time of follow-up was 4 years (1-5 years). All of them are alive and 1 required liver transplantation. Conclusion: BASM should be kept in mind by the surgeon for the requirement of additional surgical procedures such as Ladd procedure, duodenoduodenostomy with Kasai Porto-enterostomy. Duodenoduodenostomy may be performed when the existence of preduodenal portal vein. Further research is recommended for CMV infection and BASM

A Retrospective Evaluation of Causes of Morbidity, and Mortality among Babies Delivered in the Haseki Training and Research Hospital Within the Three Years

Aim: Our aim was to evaluate morbidity and mortality rates, and relevant effective factors among babies delivered in our hospital between January 2009 and December 2011. Methods: We evaluated the neonatal care unit data on mortality and morbidity among babies delivered between January 1st 2009 and December 31st 2011, and analyzed epidemiological data of these babies born at gestational age of >22 weeks with a birth weight above 500 gr. Results: One thousand nine hundred five live babies and 32 stillbirths were delivered in the year 2011. Twelve babies died during early neonatal period. The rates of perinatal and early neonatal mortality, and stillbirth were found to be 2.27‰, 0.61‰, and 1.65‰, respectively. The causes of perinatal death were stillbirths (68.1%), congenital malformations (11.3%), prematurity-related factors (9%), and other etiologies (11.6%) in order of decreasing frequency. The most frequent indications for hospitalizations were neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (35.3%), and suspected sepsis (13.4%), and other etiologies. Our median mortality rate among babies delivered before the 32nd weeks of gestation within three years was 14.5%. Conclusion: Providing adequate antenatal care for pregnants, realization of deliveries under optimal conditions, and delivery of sufficient postnatal care will dramatically decrease neonatal mortality rates