EXTRAPULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN SIBERIA AND FAR EAST

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis still remains a mysterious problem greatky due to significant degree of divergence in definitions.Materials and methods. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis incidence and its structure have been analyzed for Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts for the last 10 years – from 2006 to 2015.Results. In 2006 in Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts there were 871 patients suffering from isolated extrapulmonary tuberculosis, the structure of the forms was as follows: tuberculosis of central nervous system (CNS) – 5.7%; bone and joint tuberculosis – 28.7%; urogenital tuberculosis – 35.9%; tuberculosis of peripheral lymph nodes – 15.8%; ocular tuberculosis – 5.2%, other forms – 8.7%. Starting from 2008 ocular tuberculosis was excluded from reporting, despite the fact that the number of such patients was almost the same as the number of CNS tuberculosis cases. 10 years later in 2015 isolated forms of tuberculosis were diagnosed in 699 (-172) people, forms were the following: CNS tuberculosis – 10.6%, double increase; bone and joint tuberculosis – 39.8%, 1.5 fold increase; urogenital tuberculosis – 24.5%, 1.5 fold decrease respectively. Number of those suffering from tuberculosis of peripheral lymph nodes remained the same – 14.2%, other forms inclusive tuberculosis of salivary glands, pancreas, gall bladder, intestine, breast, skin etc. increased respectively up to 11%.Conclusions. The problem of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Russia as in the whole world still needs to be resolved. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis incidence greatly depends on the number of properly trained specialists and sufficient technical facilities of dispensaries. The following changes are to be made to Form 8: firstly, urological and genital tuberculosis cases are to be recorded separately; secondly, all forms are to be recorded separately according to HIV status

Evaluation of the applicability of immunochromatography to the identification of live plague vaccines and the tularaemia allergen (Tularin)

The regulatory standards require that the identification of live plague vaccines and the liquid tularaemia allergen (Tularin) should be performed by immunofluorescence. A major drawback of the recommended method is its labour intensive nature. However, immunochromatography represents an alternative method that offers a number of advantages, including rapid testing and easy result interpretation. The aim of the study was to assess the applicability of immunochromatography to the identification of live plague vaccines and the liquid tularaemia allergen (Tularin).Materials and methods. The authors performed identification tests using samples of the pharmacopoeia standard for live plague vaccines, three commercial batches of a live plague vaccine, and two batches of the liquid tularaemia allergen (Tularin). These samples were tested using immunochromatographic assay (ICA) reagent kits for rapid detection and identification of Yersinia pestis (ICA System for Y. pestis) and Francisella tularensis (ICA System for F. tularensis) manufactured by the State Scientific Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.Results. The findings show that immunochromatography is an effective, rapid, and species-specific method to confirm the presence of Y. pestis in a sample of a live plague vaccine or F. tularensis in a sample of the liquid tularaemia allergen (Tularin). To perform identification tests by immunochromatography, the authors recommend diluting live plague vaccine samples to a concentration of 109 bacterial cells/mL and using undiluted samples of the liquid tularaemia allergen (Tularin).Conclusions. The study results may support the inclusion of ICA into the regulatory standards for live plague vaccines and the liquid tularaemia allergen (Tularin) as an alternative identification method

Simultaneous Interpreting : Characteristic of Autonomic Provision of Extreme Cognitive Loads

Simultaneous interpreting is one of the most comprehensive and energy-consuming types of cognitive activity. To work successfully, a simultaneous interpreter must have a specific functional state. The aim of our study was to find out the basic mechanisms of this functional state, the effect of the simultaneous interpreting on cognitive function changes, and the main factors influencing the degree of the regulatory systems strain. Materials and Methods. 33 individuals participated in the study: 22 linguists specially trained in simultaneous translation composed the experimental group and 11 language-qualified people having no skills of simultaneous translation represented the control group. In compliance with the study design, the measurements were performed under the conditions similar to the real work of simultaneous interpreters: the participants working in succession performed professional tasks: shadowing in the native and foreign languages (German and English), simultaneous interpretation of the reports from the native language to the foreign, and vice versa. The interpreters were psychologically tested using ApWay.ru Web platform before and after the performance on the professional tasks: computer campimetry, test for a simple sensorimotor activity, Stroop test, and test for emotional disadaptation level. Cardiointervalogram was telemetrically recorded during the entire experiment. Results. Some specific aspects of autonomic provision of simultaneous interpreting have been unraveled. A significantly greater tension of the autonomic regulation is manifested by the simultaneous interpreters compared to the control group. It was most prominent when translation was done from the foreign language. The total level of stress during the performance on the linguistic tasks appeared to be higher in the control group. In the simultaneous interpreters, in contrast to the control group, there was registered a high activity level of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems and a marked integration of the cardiac rhythm regulation circuits over the entire period of performing the linguistic tasks. The psychological tests have demonstrated a significantly more confident cognitive control relative to the control group. Thus, a specific functional system has been formed in the simultaneous interpreters providing a successful interaction of various information images (or codes) and consolidation of autonomic and cognitive resources during the performance on professional tasks. Lack of the necessary skills and, consequently, of the task-oriented functional system in the participants of the control group resulted in the enhancement of the non-specific (less effective) stress response.Peer reviewe

quest as a method of cognitive learning

Обучение в нашем цифровом мире должно быть направлено на развитие у индивида навыков учиться, т. е. человек должен овладеть инструментами обучения, развить навыки для работ, востребованных в профессиональной сфере, конструктивно сотрудничать и коммуницировать, полноценно и всесторонне развиваться. Разработка и использование образовательных квест-технологий, направленных на развитие указанных навыков, является актуальной задачей современного образования. Цель статьи - разработать квест-технологию, которая позволила бы эффективно встроить игровые элементы в процесс обучения, повысить заинтересованность студентов в обучении, в развитии умений и навыков в сфере аналитической деятельности.Education in our digital world should be aimed at developing individual skills to learn, i. e. a person should master learning tools, develop skills for work in demand in the professional field, constructively cooperate and communicate, fully and comprehensively develop. The development and use of educational quest technologies aimed at developing these skills is an urgent task of modern education. The purpose of the article is to develop a quest technology that would effectively integrate game elements into the learning process, increase students' interest in learning, in the development of skills and abilities in the field of analytical activity