Double-orifice mitral valve and an associated malformation: secundum atrial septal defect

The authors report a case of double-orifice mitral valve (DOMV) which showed mitral stenosis and mild insufficiency. An associated anomaly was secundum atrial septal defect. DOMV is an unusual congenital heart defect. The occurrence of this anomaly with or without secundum atrial septal defect is very rare. More often it is associated with other congenital malformations arising from atrioventricular canal defects. There may be no haemodynamic consequences but mitral insufficiency and/or stenosis may complicate this malformation. Treatment can be summarised as abstention, surgical repair or valve replacement

Creating Computer Aided 3D Model Of Spleen And Kidney Based On Visible Human Project

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of computer aided 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technique on visualization and modeling of gross anatomical structures with an affordable methodology applied on the spleen and kidney. Methods: From The Visible Human Project Dataset cryosection images, developed by the National Library of Medicine, the spleen and kidney sections were preferred to be used due to their highly distinct contours. The software used for the reconstruction were SurfDriver 3.5.3 for Mac and Cinema 4D XL version 7.1 for Mac OS X. This study was carried out in May 2004 at the Department of Anatomy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. Results: As a result of this study, it is determined that these 2 programs could be effectively used both for 3D modeling of the mentioned organs and volumetric analyses on these models. It is also seen that it is possible to hold the physical models of these gross anatomical digital ones with stereolithography technique by means of the data exchange file format provided by the program and present such images as anaglyph. Conclusion: SurfDriver 3.5.3 for Mac OS and Cinema 4 DXL version 7.1 for Mac OS X can be used effectively for reconstruction of gross anatomical structures from serial parallel sections with distinct contours such as spleen and kidney and the animation of models. These software constitute a highly effective way of getting volumetric calculations, spatial relations and morphometrical measurements of reconstructed structures.Wo

The middle colic artery originating from the coeliac trunk

A case is reported of an anomalous origin of the middle colic artery. The middle colic artery originated from the coeliac trunk (CT) instead of the superior mesenteric artery, the normal place of origin. The colon receives its blood supply from the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. Since modern colon surgery requires a more detailed anatomy of blood supply, many articles have been published on the anatomy and variations of the arteries of the colon. However, the incidence of such an anomaly is low and there have been few previous reports. These arterial variations underscore the importance of performing vascular studies prior to major abdominal surgery

Scanning Electron Microscopic Observation Of The Brown Tumor Of The Head Of Mandible

Brown tumors are tumor-like, expansile osteolytic lesions of bone which are seen in both primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. They generally resolve after surgical treatment of the parathyroid adenoma. Here, we report a case of brown tumor of the mandible of a cadaver with its scanning electron microscopic observation and review of literature.Wo

hair with hereditary trichodysplasia (Marie Unna hypotrichosis)

Objective: Our aim was to investigate the microscopic structural alteration in hair with hereditary trichodysplasia. This article presents the results of light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of cases having hereditary trichodysplasia.Methods: The biopsy specimens were obtained from 2 girls of ages 3 and 5-years, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University in 2001. A large number of hair specimens were obtained from these 2 cases having hereditary trichodysplasia. Routine light microscopic and SEM procedure was performed on the tissue specimen, and then they were examined by light microscopy and SEM.Results: Hair specimens taken from both patients had great similarities. Our results reveal that the atypical looking hair were flattened, twisted and partly scattered at the end. Moreover, these hairs had sheath structures with abnormal proliferation and these structures were damaged, the cuticles had fractures and were degenerative.Conclusion: There is only a small number of SEM studies in literature reporting the ultrastructural changes of hereditary trichodysplasia. Scanning electron microscopy is a 3 dimensional examination technique revealing easily comparable images and it is indispensable for diagnosis in various tissues which permit considerable magnification. As it is used in the hereditary trichodysplasia syndrome its routine usage in many dermatologic and hair diseases will result in valuable contributions to scientific literature

Light And Scanning Electron Microscopic Examination Of Late Changes In Hair With Hereditary Trichodysplasia (Marie Unna Hypotrichosis)

Objective: Our aim was to investigate the microscopic structural alteration in hair with hereditary trichodysplasia. This article presents the results of light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of cases having hereditary trichodysplasia. Methods: The biopsy specimens were obtained from 2 girls of ages 3 and 5-years, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University in 2001. A large number of hair specimens were obtained from these 2 cases having hereditary trichodysplasia. Routine light microscopic and SEM procedure was performed on the tissue specimen, and then they were examined by light microscopy and SEM. Results: Hair specimens taken from both patients had great similarities. Our results reveal that the atypical looking hair were flattened, twisted and partly scattered at the end. Moreover, these hairs had sheath structures with abnormal proliferation and these structures were damaged, the cuticles had fractures and were degenerative. Conclusion: There is only a small number of SEM studies in literature reporting the ultrastructural changes of hereditary trichodysplasia. Scanning electron microscopy is a 3 dimensional examination technique revealing easily comparable images and it is indispensable for diagnosis in various tissues which permit considerable magnification. As it is used in the hereditary trichodysplasia syndrome its routine usage in many dermatologic and hair diseases will result in valuable contributions to scientific literature.Wo

Septum Formation Of The Lateral Ventricles

In an MRI study examining anomalies of the septum pellucidum in 505 cases, we detected bilateral septum formation of the lateral ventricles in a 17-month-old baby. In this study, we evaluate 505 (242 males and 263 females) patients referred to the Emaray Imaging Center, Ankara, Turkey with various prediagnoses. We specially selected all the cases from a non-psychotic population. We obtained MRI scans on a 1-Tesla imager (Picker International, Highland Heights, Ohio, USA), with slices of 5 and 6 mm thickness. In axial and coronal sections, we observed septum formation laterally between the anterior horn and the ventricular body of the lateral ventricles. Radio opaque septum formations started from the caudate nucleus and stretched to the genu of the corpus callosum. There was a second septum formation between the posterior horn and the ventricular body of the right lateral ventricle. It started from the caudate nucleus and stretched to the cavum vergae

hair with hereditary trichodysplasia (Marie Unna hypotrichosis)

Objective: Our aim was to investigate the microscopic structural alteration in hair with hereditary trichodysplasia. This article presents the results of light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of cases having hereditary trichodysplasia.Methods: The biopsy specimens were obtained from 2 girls of ages 3 and 5-years, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University in 2001. A large number of hair specimens were obtained from these 2 cases having hereditary trichodysplasia. Routine light microscopic and SEM procedure was performed on the tissue specimen, and then they were examined by light microscopy and SEM.Results: Hair specimens taken from both patients had great similarities. Our results reveal that the atypical looking hair were flattened, twisted and partly scattered at the end. Moreover, these hairs had sheath structures with abnormal proliferation and these structures were damaged, the cuticles had fractures and were degenerative.Conclusion: There is only a small number of SEM studies in literature reporting the ultrastructural changes of hereditary trichodysplasia. Scanning electron microscopy is a 3 dimensional examination technique revealing easily comparable images and it is indispensable for diagnosis in various tissues which permit considerable magnification. As it is used in the hereditary trichodysplasia syndrome its routine usage in many dermatologic and hair diseases will result in valuable contributions to scientific literature.C1 Hacettepe Univ, Fac Med, Dept Anat, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey.Pamukkale Univ, Fac Med, Dept Anat, Denizli, Turkey

Three-Dimensional Structure Of The Modiolus - A Computerized Reconstruction Study

Objective: Modiolus is a dense, compact, mobile fibromuscular structure, reachable by the dissection of buccolabial musculature. We undertook this study to provide detailed information about the macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of modiolus and its 3-dimensional (3-D) shape. Methods: Fifteen micrometer thick serial sections were taken from the fixed cadaveric tissue samples and then stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and Massons' trichrome stain. Stained sections were photographed digitally and images were transferred to computer medium to perform 3-D reconstruction. The study was carried out in the dissection lab of the Anatomy Department of Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey between 2002 and 2003. Results: The modiolus appears to be a tortuous, blunt conelike structure, extending vertically from the buccal mucosa to the dermis of the skin. The base of the cone is adjacent to the mucosa. Conclusion: As the structure has great clinical importance, and satisfactory complete 3-D analysis of the subject is not yet available; we believe that our study presenting the histological and 3-D description of the modiolus will be of great help to surgeons for satisfactory esthetic and functional results during surgical operations related to the oral commissure.Wo