Effect of feeding olive pomace acid oil on dark chicken meat lipid composition, oxidative stability, color, and sensory acceptance

This study evaluated the effect of using olive pomace acid oil (OPAO) instead of crude palm oil (PO) or refined olive pomace oil (ROPO) on lipid composition, lipid oxidation, and quality of chicken meat. Broiler chickens were fed diets with 6% of PO, ROPO, or OPAO, and deboned legs with skin were sampled. Fresh and refrigerated (commercial conditions; 7 days) chicken meat samples were assessed for fatty acid (FA) composition, tocopherol (T) and tocotrienol (T3) content, lipid oxidative stability, 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values, volatile compounds, color, and sensory acceptance. Using ROPO and OPAO led to meat richer in monounsaturated FAs and OPAO to lower α-T levels compared to PO. Oxidative stability, TBA values, volatile compounds, and overall acceptance of meat were not affected by diet. Refrigeration increased TBA values and some volatile compounds’ concentrations, but it did not decrease redness or consumers’ overall acceptance. Therefore, the OPAO used was an adequate fat source for chicken diets at 6%, as it produced dark meat lower in saturated FAs than PO without affecting lipid oxidation or overall acceptance. According to this, upcycling OPAO as an energy source in chicken diets would be possible, which can contribute to the sustainability of the food chain. Keywords: edible oil refining by-product; upcycling; chicken feed; chicken diet; poultry meat quality; fat by-product; broiler meat; meat refrigeration; palm oil; olive pomace oi

Effect of feeding olive pomace acid oil on pork lipid composition, oxidative stability, colour, and sensory acceptance

One of the targets of the meat industry is to reduce production costs and to increase the sustainability of the food chain, which has driven the attention towards the use of by-products as feed ingredients. Acid oils are fat by-products coming from the chemical refining process of edible oils, with a high energy value and that are approved as feed ingredients in the European Union. However, meat producers are hesitant to utilise them due to their varying composition and the limited understanding of their impact on animal performance and meat quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of using olive pomace acid oil (OPAO) instead of its corresponding crude olive pomace oil (OPO) or crude palm oil (PO) in pig diets on lipid composition, lipid oxidation and quality of pork loin (longissimus dorsi), fresh and after commercial refrigerated storage for 8 days. The experimental design consisted of feeding pigs with four diets supplemented with a 5% of PO, OPO, OPAO or a blend (B) of PO and OPAO (50:50, w/w). Fresh and refrigerated pork loin samples were assessed for fatty acid profile; tocopherol (T) and tocotrienol (T3) composition; lipid oxidative stability with the ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange method; 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value; volatile compounds; colour; and sensory acceptance. Results showed that refrigeration reduced the total T + T3 levels and increased the TBA values and the volatile compound concentrations. The refrigerated storage also affected the instrumental colour parameters (L*, a* and b*) but not the overall acceptance of pork. Regarding the diet, pork from OPAO diet showed a higher unsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid ratio than pork from PO and B diets. The lowest T + T3 concentration was found in OPO and OPAO fresh pork and in OPAO refrigerated pork. The oxidative stability of fresh pork was lower for OPAO than for PO diet, but no significant effect of the diet was observed for this parameter in refrigerated pork. The TBA values and volatile compound concentrations of fresh pork were not affected by the diet. After refrigeration, OPAO pork had the highest TBA value and volatile compound concentrations. In any case, colour and consumer acceptance of pork were not affected by diet. In conclusion, in order to upcycle acid oils in pig diets, and considering results on the lipid oxidative stability of pork, it would be preferable to add the OPAO used in this study blended with PO

Traducción del modelo de planta de CN Cofrentes del código TRAC-BF1 a SNAP-TRACE

Las herramientas de simulación SNAP-TRACE están siendo desarrolladas y actualizadas por la NRC y el grupo de usuarios de las mismas, con el fin de que simulen el comportamiento termohidráulico de una instalación o central nuclear. Dentro de las líneas de investigación del Grupo de Termohidráulica e Ingeniería Nuclear de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, así como IBERDROLA, se encuentra el estudio, análisis y utilización de estas nuevas herramientas. En esta ponencia se presenta el trabajo realizado conjuntamente para la obtención de un modelo de planta de la CN de Cofrentes que se pueda utilizar con estas nuevas herramientas. Se pretende desarrollar un modelo tridimensional de CN Cofrentes cuyos resultados sean consistentes comparándolos con los programas de uso actual (TRAC-BF1, RETRAN) validados con datos de planta. Esta comparación no debe hacerse globalmente ya que puede llevar a compensación de errores. Para comprobar la correcta traducción se han comparado los resultados obtenidos con TRACE y los programas actualmente en uso y se han realizado los correspondientes ajustes, teniendo en cuenta que las correlaciones y modelos de ambos códigos son diferentes. Durante la realización de este trabajo se han detectado diversos errores que deberán ser subsanados en las futuras versiones de estas herramientasEscrivá Castells, FA.; Muñoz-Cobo González, JL.; Concejal, A.; Melara, J.; Albendea, M. (2012). Traducción del modelo de planta de CN Cofrentes del código TRAC-BF1 a SNAP-TRACE. Sociedad Nuclear Española. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/71540

Incorporación de la variación de la conductividad con el quemado en el código de estabilidad predictivo LAPUR

En el campo de la seguridad nuclear, el análisis de la estabilidad de los reactores de agua en ebullición supone uno de los mayores retos para los investigadores. Para estos cálculos se puede utilizar el código LAPUR que permite obtener los parámetros de estabilidad de la planta (Decay Ratio y Frecuencia), siendo este uno de los programas utilizados por IBERDROLA. Con la colaboración del grupo de investigación TIN de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, se ha incorporado un modelo de pérdida de conductividad del uranio con el quemado a LAPUR. Esta actualización permite que se reproduzca el fenómeno de forma más realista. Esta mejora se ha validado y verificado contrastando los resultados con valores de referencia.Escrivá Castells, FA.; Muñoz-Cobo González, JL.; Merino Benavent, R.; Melara San Román, J.; Albendea, M. (2013). Incorporación de la variación de la conductividad con el quemado en el código de estabilidad predictivo LAPUR. Sociedad Nuclear Española. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/71592

Obtención de un simulador de transitorios termohidráulicos de la CN Cofrentes utilizando la plataforma SNAP-TRACE

Las herramientas de simulación SNAP-TRACE están siendo desarrolladas y actualizadas por la NRC y el grupo de usuarios de las mismas, con el fin de que simulen el comportamiento termohidráulico de una instalación o central nuclear. Dentro de las líneas de investigación del Grupo de Termohidráulica e Ingeniería Nuclear de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, así como IBERDROLA, se encuentra el estudio, análisis y utilización de estas nuevas herramientas. En esta ponencia se presentan los últimos trabajos realizados conjuntamente entre Iberdrola y el grupo TIN para la obtención de un simulador de planta de la CN de Cofrentes y su correspondiente versión interactiva animada, que se pueda utilizar con estas nuevas herramientas. El modelo desarrollado utiliza cinética puntual y permite simular diversos transitorios de forma interactiva, como son el disparo de las turbo-bombas de agua de alimentación o el cierre de las válvulas de vapor principal (MSIVs). Los modelos desarrollados permiten visualizar, a través de diferentes pantallas, el comportamiento de toda la planta, así como de su sistema de control.Escrivá Castells, FA.; Muñoz-Cobo González, JL.; Concejal, A.; Soler, A.; Melara San Román, J.; Albendea, M. (2013). Obtención de un simulador de transitorios termohidráulicos de la CN Cofrentes utilizando la plataforma SNAP-TRACE. Sociedad Nuclear Española. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/71590

Comparative analysis of CAR T-cell therapy access for DLBCL patients: associated challenges and solutions in the four largest EU countries

IntroductionCAR T-cell therapy has emerged as a promising new immuno-oncology treatment that engages the patient’s immune system to fight certain hematological malignancies, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In the European Union (EU), CAR T-cell therapies have been approved for relapsed/refractory (R/R) DLBCL patients since 2018, but patient access is often still limited or delayed. This paper is aimed at discussing challenges to access and possible solutions in the largest four EU countries.MethodsThe analysis relied on literature review, market data collection, since homogeneous data coming from registries were not available, and discussion with experts coming from all four countries.ResultsWe calculated that in 2020, between 58% and 83% of R/R DLBCL patients (EMA approved label population) or between 29% and 71% of the estimated medically eligible R/R DLBCL patients, were not treated with a licensed CAR T-cell therapy. Common challenges along the patient journey that may result in limited access or delays to CAR T-cell therapy were identified. These include timely identification and referral of eligible patients, pre-treatment funding approval by authorities and payers, and resource needs at CAR T-cell centers.DiscussionThese challenges, existing best practices and recommended focus areas for health systems are discussed here, with the aim to inform necessary actions for overcoming patient access challenges for current CAR T-cell therapies as well as for future cell and gene therapies

Effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines on maternal and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of COVID-19 vaccines in women before or during pregnancy on SARS-CoV-2 infection-related, pregnancy, offspring and reactogenicity outcomes. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Major databases between December 2019 and January 2023. STUDY SELECTION: Nine pairs of reviewers contributed to study selection. We included test-negative designs, comparative cohorts and randomised trials on effects of COVID-19 vaccines on infection-related and pregnancy outcomes. Non-comparative cohort studies reporting reactogenicity outcomes were also included. QUALITY ASSESSMENT, DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently assessed study quality and extracted data. We undertook random-effects meta-analysis and reported findings as HRs, risk ratios (RRs), ORs or rates with 95% CIs. RESULTS: Sixty-seven studies (1 813 947 women) were included. Overall, in test-negative design studies, pregnant women fully vaccinated with any COVID-19 vaccine had 61% reduced odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.75; 4 studies, 23 927 women; I2=87.2%) and 94% reduced odds of hospital admission (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.71; 2 studies, 868 women; I2=92%). In adjusted cohort studies, the risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy was reduced by 12% (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.92; 2 studies; 115 085 women), while caesarean section was reduced by 9% (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.98; 6 studies; 30 192 women). We observed an 8% reduction in the risk of neonatal intensive care unit admission (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.97; 2 studies; 54 569 women) in babies born to vaccinated versus not vaccinated women. In general, vaccination during pregnancy was not associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy or perinatal outcomes. Pain at the injection site was the most common side effect reported (77%, 95% CI 52% to 94%; 11 studies; 27 195 women). CONCLUSION: COVID-19 vaccines are effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and related complications in pregnant women. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020178076

Euclid preparation: X. The Euclid photometric-redshift challenge

Forthcoming large photometric surveys for cosmology require precise and accurate photometric redshift (photo-z) measurements for the success of their main science objectives. However, to date, no method has been able to produce photo-zs at the required accuracy using only the broad-band photometry that those surveys will provide. An assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of current methods is a crucial step in the eventual development of an approach to meet this challenge. We report on the performance of 13 photometric redshift code single value redshift estimates and redshift probability distributions (PDZs) on a common set of data, focusing particularly on the 0.2−2.6 redshift range that the Euclid mission will probe. We designed a challenge using emulated Euclid data drawn from three photometric surveys of the COSMOS field. The data was divided into two samples: one calibration sample for which photometry and redshifts were provided to the participants; and the validation sample, containing only the photometry to ensure a blinded test of the methods. Participants were invited to provide a redshift single value estimate and a PDZ for each source in the validation sample, along with a rejection flag that indicates the sources they consider unfit for use in cosmological analyses. The performance of each method was assessed through a set of informative metrics, using cross-matched spectroscopic and highlyaccurate photometric redshifts as the ground truth. We show that the rejection criteria set by participants are efficient in removing strong outliers, that is to say sources for which the photo-z deviates by more than 0.15(1 + z) from the spectroscopic-redshift (spec-z). We also show that, while all methods are able to provide reliable single value estimates, several machine-learning methods do not manage to produce useful PDZs. We find that no machine-learning method provides good results in the regions of galaxy color-space that are sparsely populated by spectroscopic-redshifts, for example z > 1. However they generally perform better than template-fitting methods at low redshift (z < 0.7), indicating that template-fitting methods do not use all of the information contained in the photometry. We introduce metrics that quantify both photo-z precision and completeness of the samples (post-rejection), since both contribute to the final figure of merit of the science goals of the survey (e.g., cosmic shear from Euclid). Template-fitting methods provide the best results in these metrics, but we show that a combination of template-fitting results and machine-learning results with rejection criteria can outperform any individual method. On this basis, we argue that further work in identifying how to best select between machine-learning and template-fitting approaches for each individual galaxy should be pursued as a priority

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