The Sources and Types of Reading Miscues Produced by 6th Grade Students at Public Schools in Jordan

This study was conducted to explore the types and sources of reading errors produced by 6th grade  students at Jawza governmental secondary school at Al-Karak directorate of education. The sample of the study consists of  20 students. The result of the study showed that students produced different types of reading miscues. This included reading omission, repetition, mispronunciation, pausing and word by word reading categories. In light of these results, the study provides several pedagogical implications that could hopefully used by teachers to improve their student reading. The study recommends that further future researches study be conducted in this field to investigate this area. Keywords: Reading Miscues, Omission, Repetition, Pausing and Mispronunciation

Investigation of interaction between boronic acids and sugar: effect of structural change of sugars on binding affinity using steady state and time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking

Binding interactions of boronic acid derivatives viz. 2-Methylphenylboronic acid (B1) and 3-Methoxyphenylboronic acid (B2) with mono saccharides (arabinose, fructose and galactose) and disaccharides (sucrose, lactose and maltose) in aqueous condition at pH 7.4 by means of fluorescence spectroscopy is reported in the present investigation. Sugar sensing as well as continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) plays a significant role in diabetes regulation. Sugar sensors mediated through enzymes have their own drawbacks, which led to encouragement to search for designing new sensors through alternate approaches. Among many, fluorescence-based sensors are drawing more attention. Boronic acid-based fluorescence sensors have the capacity to bind reversibly with diols, which makes their demand high in applications. Addition of sugar reduces fluorescence intensities. Change in intensities is associated to cleavage of intermolecular hydrogen bonding which leads in reduced stability of boronate ester. Lineweaver-Burk and Benesi-Hildebrand equation is used for analysing data. Mono sugars are estimated to have higher binding constants. Mutarotation leads to structural changes in saccharides which play a key role in binding interactions. Sugars in furanose form are found to be highly favoured for binding. Molecular docking of B1 and B2 with proteins with PDB ID: 2IPL and 2IPM being periplasmic was done with the help of Schrodinger Maestro 11.2 version. GLIDE scores terms are used for expressing binding affinity.Scopu