Behavioral Measurement of Young Generation towards Brand Products in Saudi Arabia: Al- Hassa Case Study

Brand products are rapidly prevailing in developed countries. The behavioral measurement and attitude among young generation is vital to understand in order to make a good marketing plan. This paper highlights the behavioral measurement of young generation towards brand products. It specifically measures  demographic variables ( age, gender, income, social status, education, employment status, friendship effect and price) towards the brand products. Methodology used is the quantitative method which is a self-administrated questionnaire  with 170 responses from the online/paper filling survey participation. SPSS is the software tool used for the statistical analysis to test the suggested hypothesis. Results showed that the price of well-known brand products affects the purchase process negatively. Although young people are interested in purchasing brand products, their low income prevents them from the buying process while they are considered as a major segmentation for brand names. Keywords: Young generation, Brand products, Al-Hass

Cement Industry in Saudi Arabia during (2009 – 2012) : Supply and Demand Analysis

The growth of mega projects in Saudi Arabia due to the overflow public budget is considered as major catalyst for cement industry . However, governmental rules contribute critically in monitoring and controlling in cement prices . So, companies can not raise prices even if different factors appear. In this paper, three cement companies are selected as samples of the sector: Southern Cement, Yamamah and Arabian Cement which analyzed by look to supply and demand side with their determinants during (2009 - 2012 ) by applying the law of supply and the law of demand. Also, the black market and the reasons of emergence are discussed. Finally, conclusion and implication are explained at the end. Keywords: Cement Industry, Saudi Arabia, Supply, Deman

Essays on the effects of oil price shocks on exchange rates and the economy of Saudi Arabia

Doctor of PhilosophyEconomicsLance J. BachmeierThis dissertation consists of three essays examining the consequences of oil price shocks on exchange rates and the economy of Saudi Arabia. In the first essay, we examine the impact of oil prices on the US dollar (USD) exchange rate in the flexible monetary model framework. We find evidence, based on the impulse response function analysis from the VEC model, suggesting the negative association between oil prices and the USD against 12 currencies. Furthermore, the results from out-of-sample forecasts indicate that oil prices play an essential role in improving the forecasting power of the monetary model of exchange rate determination. In the second essay, we analyze how G7 real exchange rates and monetary policy respond to oil supply, aggregate demand, and oil-specific demand shocks initiated by Killian (2009). Our evidence confirms that aggregate demand and oil specific demand shocks are associated with the depreciation of the real exchange rate for five countries whereas oil supply shocks lead to the depreciation of real exchange rate in four countries. Likewise, we find the monetary policy responds significantly only to aggregate demand and oil specific demand shocks in three countries while the monetary policy responds to real exchange rate shocks in four countries. In the third essay, we investigate the differential effects of oil shocks, developed by Killian (2009), on industrial production, inflation, and the nominal exchange rate of Saudi Arabia. The reported evidence shows that industrial production responds positively only to oil supply shocks. Likewise, we find evidence indicating that there is a positive impact of aggregate demand shocks on inflation. On the other hand, we find evidence suggesting that oil supply and demand shocks are associated with the nominal exchange rate depreciation

The Effects of Oil Shocks on Turkish Macroeconomic Aggregates

This paper examines the impacts of oil price shocks on macroeconomic aggregates of Turkey. We find evidence suggesting the influential role of oil price shocks on macroeconomic aggregates. In other words, we find that oil price shocks affect output growth negatively with a delay. However, higher oil prices are associated with higher inflation, and depreciating exchange rate. We also explore the role of asymmetric oil shocks on macroeconomic aggregates and find that both oil price increases and decreases are associated with a delayed lower output growth rate. Furthermore, we find oil price increases affect inflation positively a delay. The appreciation of exchange rate appears with a delay due to oil price decreases. Keywords: Oil Price Shocks, Economic Activity, Turkey JEL Classification: C22, C32, Q4

The Effects of Global Commodity Prices on Domestic Prices in Saudi Arabia

This paper evaluates the impacts of global commodity prices on domestic prices in Saudi Arabia with aid of econometric techniques and monthly data over the period 2000:01-2016:09. We find evidence suggesting the influential role of global commodity prices on Saudi domestic prices over long run. In particular, we find that non-fuel commodity prices have more impacts on domestic prices than energy prices. Likewise, we find evidence, based on Granger causality analysis, suggesting that global commodity prices are useful indicators in capturing the movements in domestic prices. Keywords: Global commodity prices, Domestic Prices, Saudi Arabia. JEL Classifications: C13, C22, C50, E31, Q4

Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, maternal nutrition and pregnancy outcome.

Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP), which is known to affect nearly 70% of all pregnant women, has been associated with favourable pregnancy outcomes such as decreased risk of miscarriage, low birth weight and premature delivery. The aim of this research was to determine the mechanism by which these protective effects of NVP may be brought about. Women suffering from NVP may decrease their intake due to the symptoms, may increase their intake to alleviate symptoms, or may change the quality of their diet. Both a retrospective questionnaire survey (n=201) and a prospective cohort study (n=52)were carried out between April 1999 and August 2001. Women were recruited mainly from two GP clinics in Guildford. It was found from both studies that the prevalence of NVP in the Guildford area is similar to that reported in other studies. Although this study found no relationship between NVP and birth weight and gestational age, women with NVP had higher cord IGF-1 levels compared to women without NVP (p=0.044). In addition, duration of NVP was inversely related to birthweight to placental ratio (p=0.011). Forty three women provided complete dietary information. It was found that energy intakes did not differ between women who had NVP compared with women who had no NVP, however the quality of diet varied between women with NVP and those without NVP. This is probably due to the fact that women with NVP had a high risk of cravings and aversions in pregnancy, leading to the difference in intake of certain nutrients such as riboflavin, calcium, zinc and copper. The strong association between NVP and aversions in pregnancy (P= 0.026) found in the retrospective study could lend further support to the "Embryo protection" hypothesis, which states that NVP is a protective mechanism, which has evolved to prevent the mother from the ingestion of foods that could be harmful to the fetus. Further studies using larger sample sizes, covering a range of socio-economic status and different regions are needed before definite conclusions can be drawn

Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, maternal nutrition and pregnancy outcome

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Testing for Causality between Oil Prices and Money Supply in Saudi Arabia

The impact of oil price shocks on a country’s economy has been well studied in the economic literature. However, until now, articles analyzing the impact of these shocks on the Saudi Arabian economy have been relatively sparse. This paper attempts to shed some light on this important topic by examining the causal relationship between oil prices and an important monetary variable, the M3 (broad-based) money supply. Monthly data going back to 1982 were used in this study, which employs unit root tests and Granger causality analysis to test whether there is a causal relationship or not. No discernable causality relationship was found; this lack of such link leads the authors to conclude that this may be due to the prudent and stable fiscal and monetary policy on the part of the Kingdom’s government and its central bank, the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA)