Türkiye'de yeni sığır mastitis ajanları ve antimikrobiyal duyarlılıklarının araştırılması

There are new emerging cattle mastitis agents that have become a major burden economically on the dairy industry because of their negatively affects on production and quality in dairy cattle farming in Turkey,. To overcome this emerged problem, antimicrobials are adopted in this sector to prevent and administrate mastitis and other bacterial infections affecting cattle in the country. Nevertheless, the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasing in both animal and human contaminants. The occurrence and features of AMR of the emerging cattle mastitis agents in dairy cattle in Turkey, have been manifested. As a result, the goal of this research was to assess secluded emerging cattle mastitis agents in Turkey and to appraise the antimicrobial susceptibility of these pathogens. Sixty one milk samples from cattle wwith mastitis were collected between 2014 and 2018 for assessment of clinical mastitis in diagnostic and analysis laboratory of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University. Twenty five microorganism species arised as cattle mastitis agents were assessed in these milk samples. The outcomes of the present study identified the necessity for advancements in antimicrobial stewardship as well as infection administration plans in Turkish farms to decrease the occurence of AMR. VITEK Compact® 2 systemmethod showed that Streptococcus uberis had the maximum AMR while Globicatella sulfidifaciens had the minimum AMR. The study depicts that the number of cattle mastitis is directly proportional to the size of the herd. Keywords: Cattle, mastitis, new agent, antimicrobial resistance.Türkiye‟deki sütçü ineklerinin üretim ve kalitesine olumsuz yönde etkileyen ve süt endüstrisine ekonomik olarak büyük bir zarar oluşturan yeni ortaya çıkan sığır mastitis etkenleri bulunmaktadır. Giderek artan bu sorunun üstesinden gelmek için, bu sektörde mastitis ve ülkedeki inekleri etkileyen diğer bakteriyel enfeksiyonların önlenmesi ve yönetilmesi amacıyla antimikrobiyaller kullanılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, antimikrobiyal direncin (AMR) oluşumu hem hayvan hem de insan kontaminantlarında artmaktadır. Türkiye‟deki sütçü ineklerinden ortaya çıkan sığır mastitis etkenlerinde antimikrobiyal direncin oluşumu ve özellikleri açıkça ortaya konmuştur. Sonuç olarak, bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye'de ilk kez tespit edilen inek mastitis etkenlerini ve bu patojenlerin antimikrobiyal duyarlılığını değerlendirmektir. Bu araştırmada Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Teşhis ve Analiz Laboratuarında klinik mastitisin değerlendirilmesi için 2014-2018 yılları arasında 61 adet mastitisli süt örneği incelenmiştir. Bu süt örneklerinden Türkiye‟de ilk kez izole edilen 25 sığır mastitis ajanı değerlendirilmiştir.. Mevcut araştırmanın sonucu, AMR'nin gelişimini azaltmak için Türkiye çiftliklerindeki enfeksiyon yönetiminin planlanmasının yanı sıra antimikrobiyal geliştirilmesinin gerekliliğini de ortaya koymuştur. VITEK Compact® 2 yöntemi Streptococcus uberis'in maksimum AMR, Globicatella sulfidifaciens‟in ise minimum AMR geliştirdiğini göstermiştir. Çalışma, ortaya çıkan sığır mastitis sayısının doğrudan sürü büyüklüğü ile orantılı olduğunu da ortaya koymuştur

Antidiabetic effects and enzymatic antioxidant activity of chicken drumstick mushroom (Coprinus comatus) extract in diabetic rats model

Coprinus comatus (O.F. Mull.) Pers. is a medicinal and edible mushroom containing bioactive compounds known as antidiabetic and antioxidant agents. The pancreatic β-cells were sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS) attacks, which can cause necrosis and disrupt insulin production. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the C. comatus ethyl acetate extract for antidiabetic and antioxidant to decrease fasting blood glucose, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme (DPP-4) levels, and increase glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Subsequently, 24 male Wistar rats were divided into six groups, namely 2-5 streptozotocin (STZ)-induced 45 mg/kg, 1/HC (without any treatment), 2/NC (negative control), 3/PC (administered metformin 45 mg/kg Body weight (BW), 4-6 (T1: administered 250 mg, T2: administered 500 mg, and T3: administered 750 mg/kg BW extract). The parameters were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. According to the results, the extract significantly decreased DPP-4 levels, blood glucose and increased GPx (p ≤ 0.05). The 500 mg extract effectively reduced blood glucose levels and DPP-4 enzyme as well as increased levels of GPx

Antibacterial activity of metallic-core gold and silver nanoparticles against some animal pathogens

The current work aimed to find substitutes for antibiotics because of the side effects of antibacterial agents and the expansion of bacterial resistance to these agents. The scope of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of gold and silver nanoparticles (AuNPs and AgNPs) against selected animal pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus abortus and Mycobacterium bovis). The synthesized nanoparticles were distinguished by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and tested for antibacterial activity with the broth microdilution method, well diffusion assay, and minimum bactericidal concentration procedure. Results showed that both AuNPs and AgNPs displayed good antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria. The strongest antibacterial action of AgNPS (18 mm) was contra E. coli. AuNPs displayed good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and B. bovis with a suppression area of 14 mm. Therefore, it is suggested that AgNPs and AuNPs could be effectively used against animal pathogens and may contribute to reducing antibiotic resistance. However, there is a need for further research on the in vivo toxicity and mechanisms of action of AuNPs and AgNPs

Antimicrobial susceptibility and detection of genes for antimicrobial resistance of mycoplasma bovis, staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli

Background: Mycoplasma bovis (Gram-positive bacteria) belongs the class Mollicutes and to the family Mycoplasmataceae (Maunsell and Donovan, 2009). It is a cell wall-less bacterium and are instead enveloped by a complex plasma membrane. In cattle, M. bovis is widely known causes various diseases, such respiratory disease, mastitis, arthritis and otitis. Methods: The present study was aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and identify the genes for antimicrobial resistance of Mycoplasma bovis PG45, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. M. bovis PG45, S. aureus and E.coli were subjected to test for their sensitivity to various clinically important antibiotics (Cefotaxime, Cefuroxime, Cefaclor Cefalexin, Ofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Nalidixic acid, Amikacin, Ampicillin, Oxacilin, Amoxyclav, Rifampicin, Penicillin G and Tylosin). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each antimicrobial agent was determined by applying an agar dilution method. Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify specific DNA fragments and thus to determine the presence or absence of a target gene (VspA, tet k and tetA). Result: Showed the MIC values and the presence of VspA, tetK and tetA in M. bovis PG45, S. aureus and E. coli respectively

Functional Role of Macrofungi as Prebiotics and Health Perspectives

Mushrooms have been used since centuries as source of food and also as important part of folk medicine in many ancient cultures. Nowadays, with the increased awareness’s of the importance of healthy food, mushrooms become one of the main components of healthy food food and food supplements. In addition to the known functional role in prevention and treatment of many diseases, recent research find also that it includes also many nutrients which can act as prebiotic. This plays crucial role as natural supplement to provide healthy growth of human and animal through supporting the growth of microbiome and thus, increase the functional role of probiotics. This chapter will highlight the recent development of mushroom research as functional prebiotic source for both human and animal health

Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Mustard Oil and Engine Performance Tests

Bu çalışmada hardal yağından biyodizel üretim sürecinin optimizasyonu yapılmıştır. Optimizasyon süreci metanol/yağ oranı, katalizör konsantrasyonu reaksiyonu süresi ve sıcaklığı gibi parametrelere göre ele alınmıştır. Değişen oranlarda hardal yağı-dizel karışımından elde edilen biyodizel yakıtının motor performansına ve egzoz emisyonlarına etkileri incelenmiştir. Biyodizel oranı arttıkça içten yanmalı motorun güç ve momenti azalırken, özgül yakıt tüketimi (SFC) artmıştır. Ayrıca, biyodizel, dizel yakıtları ve biyodizel-dizel yakıtlarının karışımlarının NOx ve CO emisyonları karşılaştırılmıştır. Hardal yağı biyodizelinin emisyon değerlerinin dizel yakıttan düşük olduğu görülmüştür..In this study mustard oil produced from biodiesel production process are optimized. Parameters such as methanol / oil ratio, the catalyst concentration, reaction time and temperature have been investigated in the optimization process. Mustard oil-diesel fuel consisting of blends at the different proportions has been examined effects on engine performance and exhaust emissions. While proportion of biodiesel rising, power and torque of the internal combustion engine are reduced and specific fuel consumption (SFC) is increased. In addition, biodiesel, diesel fuels and blends of biodiesel-diesel fuels were investigated and their compared to NOx and CO emissions. It is found that biodiesel of mustard oil emissions more less than that of diesel fuel

First isolation of vibrio furnissii (Emerging vibrio) from mussels (mediterranean mussel and bearded mussel) in turkey [Türkiye’deki midyelerden (Kara midye ve kıllı midye) ilk Vibrio furnissii (emerging Vibrio) izolasyonu]

Vibrio furnissii is an emerging pathogen that can cause acute gastroenteritis in humans. In this work, 652 bivalve mollusc samples (wedge shell-Donax trunculus, L.1758, oyster-Ostrea edulis, L.1758, cockle-Venus verrucosa, L.1758, clam-Tapes decussatus, L.1758, bearded mussel-Modiolus barbatus, L.1758, Mediterranean mussel-Mytilus galloprovincialis L.1819, striped venus-Chamelea gallina L.1753) sent to the laboratory from stations in Ayvalık and Balıkesir (Northern Aegean Region of Turkey) between 2007-2010 were researched with conventional microbiological methods and six isolates were identified as Vibrio furnisii. Isolates were later confirmed with PCR using primers specific to toxR gene. Isolation rate of V. furnisii from bivalve molluscs per years were 2007 (2%), 2008 (0.43%), 2009 (1.29%), 2010 (0%) and per shell fish species were mediterranean mussel (3.33%), bearded mussel (3.27%), oyster (3.27%), clam (0%), cockle (0%), wedge shell (0%), striped venus (0 %). In this work, V. furnissi was isolated from mussels in Turkey for the first time and attention was drawn zoonotic importance of the agent. © 2017, Chartered Inst. of Building Services Engineers. All rights reserved