Localized charge in various configurations of magnetic domain wall in Weyl semimetal

We numerically investigate the electronic properties of magnetic domain walls formed in a Weyl semimetal. Electric charge distribution is computed from the electron wave functions, by numerically diagonalizing the Hamiltonian under several types of domain walls. We find a certain amount of electric charge localized around the domain wall, depending on the texture of the domain wall. This localized charge stems from the degeneracy of Landau states under the axial magnetic field, which corresponds to the curl in the magnetic texture. The localized charge enables one to drive the domain wall motion by applying an external electric field without injecting an electric current, which is distinct from the ordinary spin-transfer torque and is free from Joule heating.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure

Structure of l-rhamnose isomerase in complex with l-rhamnopyranose demonstrates the sugar-ring opening mechanism and the role of a substrate sub-binding site

Abstractl-Rhamnose isomerase (l-RhI) catalyzes the reversible isomerization of l-rhamnose to l-rhamnulose. Previously determined X-ray structures of l-RhI showed a hydride-shift mechanism for the isomerization of substrates in a linear form, but the mechanism for opening of the sugar-ring is still unclear. To elucidate this mechanism, we determined X-ray structures of a mutant l-RhI in complex with l-rhamnopyranose and d-allopyranose. Results suggest that a catalytic water molecule, which acts as an acid/base catalyst in the isomerization reaction, is likely to be involved in pyranose-ring opening, and that a newly found substrate sub-binding site in the vicinity of the catalytic site may recognize different anomers of substrates

日本人男性における携帯式尿流量計(P-Flowdiary®)を用いた排尿量/尿流量に関する年齢階層別ノモグラムの作成

Background: To develop a nomogram of urinary volume and flow based on the data of Japanese men without lower urinary tract symptoms and multiple flows per participant whose characteristics were clear. Methods: Overall, 101 Japanese male volunteers without lower urinary tract symptoms aged between 20 and 59 years were enrolled. A portable uroflowmeter (P-Flowdiary®) was used to record urinary information (flow rate and volume) for 2 successive days. The model (quadratic, linear, or logarithmic regression) most fit for the relationship between maximum flow rate and voided volume was determined. The maximum flow rate at > 150 mL was compared among the 20-29-, 30-39-, 40-49-, and 50-59-year age groups. Nomograms appropriate for the age groups were created. Results: The mean age, International Prostate Symptom Score, and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score were 38.5 years, 0.42, and 0.24, respectively. The quadratic regression model was the most fit because its mean coefficient determination was 0.93 ± 0.06. The mean maximum flow rate was significantly lower in the 50-59-year age group (21.8 ± 5.05 mL/s, P < 0.01) than in the younger groups (24.14 ± 4.94, 24.05 ± 6.99, and 24.64 ± 5.72 mL/s). The 2 nomograms are Y = 28.99 {1 - exp(- 0.01 × X)} and Y = 25.67 {1 - exp(- 0.01 × X)} for the 20-49- and 50-59-year age groups, respectively. Conclusions: The nomogram can predict maximum flow rate based on voided volume in Japanese men aged 20-59 years without lower urinary tract symptoms.博士（医学）・甲第858号・令和4年12月22日© 2022. The Author(s). Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data

Microscopic characterization of the C–F bonds in fluorine–graphite intercalation compounds

The structures of fluorine–graphite intercalation compounds (F-GICs, C₂.₈F and C₃.₅F) have been analyzed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cross-sectional TEM images of the F-GICs indicate that the interlayer distance increases by insertion of fluorine with randomly buckled carbon layers. Such a structure can form by alternation in the bond angle at a carbon atom covalently bonded with fluorine. Electron energy loss spectroscopy combined with TEM indicates that the π-orbital network over the graphitic carbon layer reduces with fluorination. The C–F bond is essentially covalent

尿中剥離前立腺癌細胞における5-ALA を用いた光力学的診断の有用性

BACKGROUND:Past attempts at detecting prostate cancer (PCa) cells in voided urine by traditional cytology have been impeded by undesirably low sensitivities but high specificities. To improve the sensitivities, we evaluate the feasibility and clinical utility of photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) of prostate cancer by using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) to examine shed prostate cancer cells in voided urine samples. METHODS:One hundred thirty-eight patients with an abnormal digital rectal exam (DRE) and/or abnormal prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were recruited between April 2009 and December 2010. Voided urine specimens were collected before prostate biopsy. Urine specimens were treated with 5-ALA and imaged by fluorescence microscopy and reported as protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) positive (presence of cells demonstrating simultaneous PPIX fluorescence) or PPIX negative (lack of cells demonstrating fluorescence). RESULTS:Of the 138 patients, PCa was detected on needle biopsy in 81 patients (58.7%); of these 81 patients with PCa, 60 were PPIX-positive (sensitivity: 74.1%). Although 57 patients did not harbor PCa by conventional diagnostic procedures, 17 of these at-risk patients were found to be PPIX-positive (specificity: 70.2%). PPIX-PDD was more sensitive compared with DRE and transrectal ultrasound and more specific compared with PSA and PSA density. The incidence of PPIX-PDD positivity did not increase with increasing total PSA levels, tumor stage or Gleason score.CONCLUSIONS:To our knowledge, this is the first successful demonstration of PPIX in urine sediments treated with 5-ALA used to detect PCa in a noninvasive yet highly sensitive manner. However, further studies are warranted to determine the role of PPIX-PPD for PCa detection.博士（医学）・甲第633号・平成27年3月16日© 2014 Nakai et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated