444 research outputs found
Examining the Social Determinants of Health in Urban Communities: A Comparative Analysis
This comparative analysis investigates the social determinants of health (SDOH) in urban communities, aiming to discern disparities and inform targeted interventions and policies. With a focus on three key determinants socioeconomic status, housing and neighborhoods, and access to healthcare the study examines selected urban communities to illuminate the intricacies of health disparities within these contexts. The paper commences with an exploration of the background and significance of SDOH, emphasizing the crucial role they play in shaping health outcomes. The literature review provides a comprehensive overview of SDOH, offering insights into historical perspectives and unique challenges faced by urban communities.The methodology section outlines the criteria for selecting urban communities, the sources of data, and the ethical considerations guiding the research. A comparative framework is established, incorporating metrics such as income disparities, educational attainment, housing quality, neighborhood environments, and access to healthcare facilities. The analysis of these determinants reveals patterns, trends, and significant disparities among the selected urban communities, shedding light on the multifaceted nature of health inequalities.The findings section summarizes the key results, emphasizing the implications for public health. Policy recommendations and targeted interventions are discussed, emphasizing the importance of addressing SDOH to enhance overall community well-being. This comparative analysis underscores the imperative of considering SDOH in urban contexts and provides a foundation for future research and action. By delving into the intricacies of health disparities, this study contributes valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on public health, urging a comprehensive and nuanced approach to address the root causes of health inequities in urban communities
FACILE SYNTHESIS AND SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SULFONAMIDE BEARING DIVERSIFIED CARBOXAMIDE AND HYDRAZINE CARBOXAMIDE MOIETIES
This current research describes the eco-friendly synthesis of N-(s-phenyl)-3-phenyl-2-(phenyl sulfonamido)
propanamides which are sulfonamide bearing diversified carboxamide moieties. The incorporation of amido
functionality into the sulfonamide moieties was herein achieved in three steps in a cost-effective manner by starting
from cheap amino acid, phenyl alanine which was reacted with benzenesulfonyl chloride to produce sulfonamide
which upon subsequent esterification followed by amidation furnished carboxamido-incorporated sulfonamide
analogs 9a-j in good to excellent yield. The completion of reaction processes was authenticated with Thin Layer
Chromatography (TLC) and the chemical structures were validated through the elemental analysis result as well as
spectroscopic means which include FT-IR, UV, 1H and 13C NMR. The technique used herein was found to be efficient
and cost-effective for the production of the series of carboxamide diversified sulfonamide derivative
Facile Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of 2-Alkanamino Benzimidazole Derivatives
Benzimidazole derivatives are known to represent a class of medicinally important compounds which are extensively used in drug design and catalysis. A series of 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives 10a-i was herein synthesized from the reaction of o-phenylenediamine with some amino acids using ameliorable pathway. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were con rmed by IR, UV, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, Mass spectral and analytical data. The compounds were investigated for their antimicrobial activity alongside gentamicin clinical standard. The results showed that this skeletal framework exhibited marked potency as antimicrobial agents. The most active compound was 1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanamine, 10a
Comparative Study of the Antibacterial Activity of N, N-Diethylamido Substituted p-Toluenesulfonamides to their α-Toluenesulfonamide Counterparts
Reaction of p-toluenesulfonyl chloride with amino acids gave sulfonamides p-T1a-k which upon amidation afforded p-T2a-k. Similarly, treatment involving α-toluenesulfonyl chloride and amino acids afforded the sulfonamides α-T1a-k.
These two classes of sulfonamides were synthetically modified at their COOH end position to achieve N,N-diethylamido substituted p-toluenesulfonamides p-T2a-k
and α-toluenesulfonamides α-T2a-k, respectively. The chemical structures of the compounds were validated with IR, Mass spectra, NMR as well as elemental analytical data. Both classes of compounds were screened against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and their activity were compared. It was remarkable to note that the α-toluene sulfonamides α-T2a-k were more active than their p-toluenesulfonamide counterparts p-T2a-k. Compound 1-(benzylsulfonyl)-N,Ndiethylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamide α-T2a was the most potent antibacterial compound on S. aureus with MIC value of 3.12 μg mLG1 while N,N-Diethyl-3-
phenyl-2-(phenylmethylsulfonamide) propanamide α-T2j emerged as the best antibacterial motif against E. coli with MIC value of 12.5 μg mLG1. Hence, these compounds especially the α-toluenesulfonamide core structural templates are good candidates for further study for future drug discovery
Comparative Study of the Antibacterial Activity of N, N-Diethylamido Substituted p-Toluenesulfonamides to their α-Toluenesulfonamide Counterparts
Reaction of p-toluenesulfonyl chloride with amino acids gave sulfonamides
p-T1a-k which upon amidation afforded p-T2a-k. Similarly, treatment involving
α-toluenesulfonyl chloride and amino acids afforded the sulfonamides α-T1a-k.
These two classes of sulfonamides were synthetically modified at their COOH end
position to achieve N,N-diethylamido substituted p-toluenesulfonamides p-T2a-k
and α-toluenesulfonamides α-T2a-k, respectively. The chemical structures of the
compounds were validated with IR, Mass spectra, NMR as well as elemental
analytical data. Both classes of compounds were screened against Escherichia coli
and Staphylococcus aureus and their activity were compared. It was remarkable
to note that the α-toluene sulfonamides α-T2a-k were more active than their
p-toluenesulfonamide counterparts p-T2a-k. Compound 1-(benzylsulfonyl)-N,Ndiethylpyrrolidine-
2-carboxamide α-T2a was the most potent antibacterial
compound on S. aureus with MIC value of 3.12 μg mLG1 while N,N-Diethyl-3-
phenyl-2-(phenylmethylsulfonamide) propanamide α-T2j emerged as the best
antibacterial motif against E. coli with MIC value of 12.5 μg mLG1. Hence, these
compounds especially the α-toluenesulfonamide core structural templates are good
candidates for further study for future drug discovery
High efficacy and low toxicity of weekly docetaxel given as first-line treatment for metastatic breast cancer
Background: Docetaxel is one of the most effective antitumor agents currently available for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). This phase II multicenter study prospectively analyzed the efficacy and toxicity of docetaxel given on a weekly schedule as first-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Patients and Methods: All patients received docetaxel, 35 mg/m(2) weekly for 6 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of rest. Subsequent cycles ( 3 weeks of treatment, 2 weeks of rest) were given until a maximum of 5 cycles or disease progression. Premedication consisted of 8 mg dexamethasone intravenously 30 min prior to the infusion of docetaxel. Results: Fifty-four patients at a median age of 58 years with previously untreated MBC were included in the study. A median of 10 doses ( median cumulative dose 339 mg/m(2)) was administered ( range: 2 - 18). The overall response rate was 48.1% ( 95% CI: 34 - 61%, intent-to-treat). Median survival was 15.8 months and median time to progression was 5.9 months ( intent-to-treat). Hematological toxicity was mild with absence of neutropenia-related complications. Grade 3 neutropenia was observed in 3.7% of patients and grade 3 and 4 anemia was observed in 5.6 and 1.9% of patients, respectively. Conclusion: The weekly administration of docetaxel is highly efficient and safe as first-line treatment for MBC and may serve as an important treatment option specifically in elderly patients and patients with a reduced performance status. Copyright (C) 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel
Microwave-assisted synthesis and antibacterial propensity of N0-s-benzylidene-2-propylquinoline- 4-carbohydrazide and N0-((s-1H-pyrrol- 2-yl)methylene)-2-propylquinoline- 4-carbohydrazide motifs
Microwave-assisted approach was utilized as green approach to access a series of 2-pro
pylquinoline-4-carbohydrazide hydrazone derivatives 10a-j of aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes
in highly encouraging yields. It involved four steps reaction which was initiated with ring opening
reaction of isatin in a basified environment and subsequent cross-coupling with pentan-2-one to
produce compound 7. Esterification of 7 in acid medium led to the formation of compound 8 which
was reacted with hydrazine hydrate to access 9 which upon microwave-assisted condensed with aromatic
and heteroaromatic aldehydes furnished the targeted compounds 10a-j. The structures of 10aj
were confirmed by physico-chemical, elemental analyses and spectroscopic characterization which
include UV, FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR as well as DEPT-135. The targeted compounds 10a-j, alongside
with gentamicin clinical standard, were investigated for their antibacterial efficacies using agar
diffusion method. 2-Propyl-N0-(pyridine-3-ylmethylene) quinoline-4-carbohydrazide 10j emerged a
N′-(4-Fluorobenzylidene)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetohydrazide
In the title compound, C15H12F2N2O, the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 48.73 (8)°. The hydrazine group is twisted slightly, with a C—N—N—C torsion angle of 172.48 (12)°. In the crystal, molecules are connected by strong N—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming supramolecular chains along the c axis. The structure is consolidated by π–π [centroid–centroid separation = 3.6579 (10) Å] and C—H⋯π interactions
N′-(4-Chlorobenzylidene)-2-[4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]acetohydrazide
In the title compound, C16H15ClN2OS, the hydrazine group is twisted slightly: the C—N—N—C torsion angle is 175.46 (13)°. The dihedral angle between the two terminal aromatic rings is 87.01 (8)°. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate R
2
2(8) loops. The dimers are further linked by weak C—H⋯π interactions
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