An Analytical Study On Maintainability Of Academic Building Elevators

Maintainability is an inherent characteristic of system or product design. It pertains to the ease, accuracy, safety and economy in the performance of maintenance actions. A system should be designed such that it can be maintained without large investments of time, at the least cost, with a minimum expenditure of resources (personnel, materials, facilities and test equipment). One goal is to maintain a system effectively and efficiently in its intended environment, without adversely affecting the mission of the system

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KESADARAN PELAPORAN KECELAKAAN KERJA PADA PEKERJA KONSTRUKSI PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN GEDUNG

Sektor konstruksi merupakan sektor yang menyumbang terbanyak pada kecelakaan kerja di Indonesia. Pelaporan kecelakaan kerja yang terjadi dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya kesadaran. PT.X adalah perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang jasa konstruksi.Hasil wawancara dengan mandor, diakui kesadaran pekerja untuk melapor terkait kecelakaan kerja masih rendah khususnya kecelakaan ringan dan nearmiss. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan kesadaran pelaporan kecelakaan kerja adalah usia, pendidikan, shiftkerja, masa kerja, dukungan rekan kerja dan dukungan atasan. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi pekerja di PT.X sebanyak 100 pekerja. Metode sampling yang digunakan adalah quota sampling dan menghasilkan 50 sampel. Pengumpulan data menggunakan angket. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik menggunakan chi-square didapatkan variabel yang berhubungan yaitu pendidikan (p-value=0,021), shift kerja (p-value=0,001), dan dukungan atasan (p-value=0,014). Variabel yang tidak berhubungan adalah usia (p-value=0,208, masa kerja (p-value=0,647), dukungan rekan kerja (p-value=0,294). Manajemen disarankan untuk memberikan pre-test untuk screening, memberi pelatihan dan menempelkan media promosi k3 untuk meningkatkan kesadaran pelaporan kecelakaan kerja Kata Kunci: Konstruksi, Kesadaran, Pelaporan Kecelakaan Kerj

Creep Properties of Geopolymer Bituminous Mixtures

A study was previously conducted in Universiti Teknologi Petronas(UTP) on the uses of geopolymer in porous asphalt, and it was discovered that using adding geopolymer on porous asphalt gives the substance a higher value of stiffness and stability compared to conventional pavement being used nowadays. This finding sparks the initiative to further investigate the properties of geopolymer bituminous mixtures, with the ultimate goal to study the potential capability of the substance to commercially replace the use of conventional pavement. The project "Creep Properties of Geopolymer Bituminous Mixtures" is a continuation of the previous study, with the aim to investigate the creep properties of geopolymer bituminous mixtures, and thus predicting the rut potential of the material. This project is an important component in an effort to investigate the suitability of geopolymer bituminous mixtures for its potential commercial use in the future. Much of the drive behind research carried out in academic institutions these days is to investigate the development of geopolymer cements as a potential large-scale replacement for concrete produced from Portland cement. This is due to geopolymers' alleged lower carbon dioxide production emissions, greater chemical and thermal resistance and better mechanical properties at both ambient and extreme conditions. Addition of geopolymer to porous asphalt to produce a new type of pavement material is a new idea which seeks to exploit these valuable properties of geopolymer, which is beneficial in pavement design. In short, the use of geopolymer on bituminous mixtures therefore carries the prospect of combining these properties of geopolymer and porous asphalt to develop a material that is environmental friendly and durable at a competitive cost for use in pavement

ELECTRONIC NOSE: FOR SPOILT MILK DETECTION

The main objective of this project is to build an electronic nose and implement it for desired application. This report is about the study of an electronic nose and its application to differentiate between the spoiled milk with fresh milk. Electronic nose is an electronic instrument that imitates the function of human nose to detect the smell, odors and flavor. Electronic nose has a wide range of applications where one of them is to discriminate foods by their quality. By using an electronic nose, it is possible to differentiate between fresh milk and spoiled milk without even have to risk our health to taste it by ourselves. The milk where it contains certain type of micro bacteria undergoes certain chemical processes which cause it to spoil and release certain gas as results of the process. The scope of this project is to do research about electronic nose, building an electronic nose for our application and perform a data analysis. The method is explained further inside this report and experiment were done to validate the findings in literature review. The experimental results are presented

Defect detection in weld zone using ultrasonic non-destructive testing / Muhammad Aiman Ismail

The defects in the materials can be tested by using Non-destructive testing (NDT). NOT is defined as a testing of material, component or assembly by means, which do not affect its ultimate use. One of common methods in NOT is Ultrasonic testing (UT). UT is a non-destructive technique of describing the depth or interior structure of a test piece with high-frequency sound waves. UT can be utilized for flaw discovery, dimensional estimations and material display. Therefore, by using UT, the defect of the plate can be determined. The defect of Plate No. 14 B was located on the middle of the plate with the depth of half of the thickness, which was 5.1 mm. For plate No.6, the defect was detected from the position 2 by the depth of 5.5 mm as half of the thickness. Thus, the defect was located on the middle of the welded plate. For plate No. 13, the defect was determined from the position 2 by the depth of 7.0 mm as half of the thickness. That is why, the defect was detected at the centre of the welded plate. While, for plate No.1, the probe was moved to position 2 and the defect was obtained at the depth of 1.4 mm and sound path, S of 26.2 mm. Lastly for plate No.2, the probe was moved to position 2 and the defect was obtained at the depth of 5.0 mm and sound path, S of 30.0 mm. In conclusion, the defect present in weld zone on the plate is successfully determined using ultrasonic testing by analyzing graph signal of ultrasonic testing

The posture effects on trumpet playing (sitting and standing) / Muhammad Aiman Churayme

This study was conduct to examine the effects of posture on trumpet playing while sitting and standing. The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of posture on trumpet playing while sitting and standing. For this particular study, the data are collected from books, article and journal by different authors who talk about posture. The data gathered was analyzed and will conclude based on the three research question. From the findings of this study, posture directly can effects a trumpet player performance and the player should determined on an individual basis based on the comfortability each player or performe

ALKALINE FLOODING OF LOW ACID NUMBER CRUDE OIL

Alkaline flooding is the earliest chemical flooding method reported. Its usage was in the beginning limited to reservoirs with high acid numbers because of the assumption that recovery is due to in situ surfactant that is formed from alkali-acidic components reactions. Alkaline flooding while succeeded in increasing microscopic sweep did not reduce the mobility ratio. Consequently, the macroscopic sweep was not improved. Later work proved that improvement in recovery was not dependent on high acid number. This work aims to relate the increase in recovery by alkaline flooding due to end-points relative permeability changes and formation of 1FT reducing components that do not depend on acids. Dulang crude, Waxy crude and Sodium Hydroxide as the alkaline solution were tested. Removals of acids from the crudes were effected by adding 2- Ethylimidazole in Ethanol with the crudes. The extracted and un-extracted crudes were used in alkaline flooding using Berea sandstone cores with initial water flooding; End-points relative permeability changes and incremental recoveries from alkaline flooding were measured from the displacement tests for comparisons. Core properties after displacements were also inspected for any effective porosity and permeability alterations. Effluents from the displacement test were tested for alcohol formation which was expected to be a major Interfacial Tension (1FT) reducing component. Synthetically mixed crude oil (n-Heptanes/ Butanol/ Oleic Acid) were tested with alkaline solution to identity component which affected the 1FT the most. Emulsion stability test was also conducted using Dulang crude with alkaline solution to quantity the Interfacial Viscosity (IFV) which could play a major role in improving the volumetric efficiency. Incremental recoveries from alkaline flooding for un-extracted crude were around 7- 10% whereas for the extracted crude 5-6% incremental. End-points relative permeability to the displacing fluid, Krw' was reduced to around 30 - 50% in alkaline flooding compared to water flooding in all the displacement tests, thus leads to a lower Mobility Ratio of 0.5 - 0. 7 in the case for alkaline flooding. pH detection of more than 0.5 indicates a high possibility of alcohol formation from the effluents of the displacement runs. Effective permeability of the core sample prior to flooding increased after the displacement test with an increase of around 0.2 - 13% increment from all cases. From all the synthetic crude mixture, Butanol as one of the type of alcohol, lead to the greatest 1FT reduction of 0.14 Dynes/em at 5% wt concentration. This confirmed that even if very small amount of alcohol was formed, it can lead to a very low 1FT. From emulsion stability test, at 2 % wt concentration of alkaline, the emulsion formed was the most stable giving the longest time for separation of around 33 minutes. This explained the stability of emulsion droplets formed in alkaline flooding which improved the volumetric efficiency thus leading to a higher oil recovery. Alkaline flooding still offers a cheap alternative to other interfacial tension (1FT) reducing chemical process. Well defined relationships between the recovery improvements to key mechanisms in alkali flooding can be valuable in designing flooding processes using alkali as part of alkali polymer or alkali-surfactant-polymer flooding

Nano Polishing of Titanium Alloy with Ionic Liquid

Nano polishing is a method of using electrochemical polishing to achieve nano size structure of a metal surface. The study was focusing on electrochemical polishing of titanium alloy using ionic liquid. Ionic liquid was used in comparison to the conventional ways of using hazardous solvent. Three parameters were varied such as voltage, rotational speed and polishing time for the experiment. The experiment was also performed to study the surface roughness and grain formation after the electrochemical polishing of the titanium alloy. Based from the surface roughness tester and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images, the surface roughness of titanium is proven to be decreased with the use of electrochemical process. A sample surface roughness was reduced to 54.4% from the initial surface roughness. The best parameters to conduct electrochemical polishing were low voltage and high rotation speed. The use of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was preferable to show the 3 dimensional surface representation

Tuning Control for Debutanizer Column

The performance of various conventional control strategies was compared against the self tuning Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller which examined when been applied in composition control of a debutanizer column. Tuning of PID control strategies studied and analyzed included Smith Predictor control, Internal Mode control, Cascade control, Feedback control and Feedforward-feedback control. The comparisons were done by MATLAB Simulation using Identification Tool (IDENT) and SIMULINK. The comparison for each control strategy performance was studied in terms of response towards set point changes and disturbance rejection towards error, manipulated variable which is valve opening and the scope. The success of control strategies are determined by the stability of the process model obtained from each control strategies