The role of the family in promoting drug free communities in Nigeria.

Drug abuse is rapidly growing worldwide problem. The problem of drug abuse poses a significant threat to the health, economic, and social structure of families, communities and the nations

Adolescent’s and Drugs Abuse in Nigeria

Drug abuse continues to be the major risk behaviour among youth and adolescents, with physical and mental health complications. Despite the known risks associated with the drugs, adolescents continue using these drugs. This paper reveals the prevalence of drug abuse among adolescent’s in Nigeria, problems associated with drugs abuse and reasons why adolescents are vulnerable to drugs abuse. Drug abuse causes a lot of risk among the adolescents; it results to gang formation, armed robbery, mental illness and cultism. Studies revealed that most of the drug addicts started smoking from their young age. As they grow older they seek new thrills and gradually go into hard drugs. There was an indication that 65 percent of high school students used drugs to have good time, 54 percent wanted to experiment to see what it is like, 20–40 percent used it to alter their moods. It concludes by prescribing some ways of curbing the menace arising from drug abuse. Keywords: Adolescents, drug abuse, problem, preventio

Effects of Aquatic Training on Waist Circumference and Body Composition among Children: A Meta-analysis

PURPOSE Aquatic training assists in reducing the risk of exercise on joints among children. This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of aquatic training for children from the perspective of body composition. METHODS A meta-analysis was performed to determine the potential impact of aquatic training in children. Four databases, namely Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO, were used for the systematic search from September 2010 to November 2021. The mean differences in the data were analyzed using Stata 15.1 software with a 95% confidence interval. Outcome measures included weight, body mass index (BMI), fat percentage (Fat%), and waist circumference. RESULTS Eleven studies, comprising eight randomized controlled trials (RCT) and three non-RCT studies, evaluating the effect of aquatic training on children were analyzed and reported. Aquatic training significantly improved the BMI (p<.01) and Fat% (p<.01) in children (ES (95% CI)=−0.23 (−0.38, −0.08) and ES (95% CI)=−0.27 (−0.45, −0.08). However, aquatic training had no significant effect on weight (p=.41), ES (95% CI)=−0.07 (−0.25, 0.10), and waist circumference (p=.11) in children, ES (95% CI)=−0.33 (−0.74, 0.08). CONCLUSIONS Aquatic training can improve children's BMI and body fat% but nottheir weight, waist circumference, and muscle mass. Aquatic training may be a potential exercise program for improving body composition in children

Predictors of breast self -examination behavior among Malaysian women

The purpose of this study was to determine which variables predict breast self-examination (BSE) among Malaysian women. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used as the conceptual framework. Subjects were a convenience sample of 433 highly educated mostly Malay women 22 to 51 years old ( M = 33.5) who taught at 23 different high schools all over Malaysia. Research questions explored the relationships between demographics, breast cancer risk factors, health beliefs, health practices, health status, communication with health-care providers, and BSE behavior (practice and frequency). Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires including Champion\u27s HBM Scale (Champion, 1993), the SF-36 Health Survey (Ware, 1993), and an instrument for demographic and experiential information developed by the investigator. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, point-biserial correlations, Chi-square, t-tests, forward stepwise logistic regression, and discriminant function analysis. Women who performed BSE were more likely to be older and married with children. Further, they were more likely to have had a breast biopsy, a clinical breast examination (CBE), and a Pap smear. Lastly, they were more likely to have talked with a physician about breast cancer and BSE and/or to be taught how to perform BSE by a nurse or physician. Analysis of the data also revealed there were differences between the performer and non-performer groups in terms of health beliefs, health status, and physician communication. Breast self-examination performers were more motivated in their general health, more confident in their ability to perform BSE, perceived fewer barriers, had communication with their physicians, and perceived themselves to be in a better health than non-performers. The variables of perceived confidence, perceived barriers, and physician communication predicted both BSE practice and frequency. In addition, having obtained CBE was the strongest predictor of BSE practice. Results were discussed in terms of their implications for designing BSE educational interventions that focus on self-efficacy and reducing barriers for Malaysian women. The physicians\u27 role in disseminating information about breast cancer, the importance of BSE in early detection of breast cancer, and encouraging women to obtain CBE and practice monthly BSE also were discussed

Pengaruh jenis latihan guru dan pengalaman mengajar terhadap efikasi guru sekolah menengah

This research was aimed to determine the influence of teacher qualification factors, namely type of teacher training and teaching experience on secondary school teachers’ efficacy in Sabah. Data were collected using the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale which involved 928 teachers from 22 secondary school in four districts. ANOVA analysis found significant mean difference in all dimensions of teacher efficacy according to type of teacher training and teaching experience. Finding also showed that teachers with Diploma in Malaysian Education obtained the highest level of efficacy, compared to teachers from the other programs. Teachers with teaching more than seven years of teaching experience were statistically different in efficacy than those with less teaching experience. The research suggested that well-trained graduate teachers should be given more opportunity to teach in positive teaching environment to enable them to develop positive teacher efficacy

Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN 2347-5374 (Online) Effects of School-Based program on Benylin with Codeine abuse prevention among Secondary School Student&apos;s Perceived Behavioural Control in Katsina, Nigeria

Abstract: Drug abuse prevention in schools is a main concern in most countries and other prevention programs have the potential of preventing or delaying students&apos; drug usage. Some preventive programs are effective while others are not effective. The objective of this study is to find out the effects of Enlightenment campaign program (Drug abuse prevention program) on perceived Behavioural Control between the groups of students towards the usage of Codeine. A stratified random sampling procedure was used in selecting the sample. 900 respondents were selected from 9 randomly selected private secondary schools in the three senatorial zones in Katsina state, Nigeria. The respondents were grouped in to 5 different groups, group 1 are the respondents that attend the program every week, group 2 are the respondents that attend the program once in two weeks, group 3 are the respondents that attend the program once in a month, group 4 are the respondents that attend the program once in a term and group 5 are the respondents that never attend the program. The results revealed that there were statistical significant differences at p &lt; .05 between the five groups compared, with regard to the effects of Drug abuse prevention program. Study results demonstrated the effectiveness of a substance abuse prevention program integrating the Theory of Planned Behaviour

Bibliometric Analysis of 21st Century Research Trends in Extracurricular Activities

By discovering and assessing articles in social sciences, this research explores the various aspects of current extracurricular activities research to further understand the knowledge base of this topic. The primary purpose of this study is to analyse the last 20 years of extracurricular activities research published in the Scopus database. VOSviewer software was used to perform bibliometric analysis such as co-occurrence, bibliographic coupling and co-authorship. Microsoft Excel was utilised to generate the tables and graphs in this paper. The analysis resulted in some interesting information which includes the steady growth of publications in extracurricular activities research that strongly indicates that it is still a trending topic and worth to be explored further. The Journal of Youth and Adolescence and the United States of America are the top journal and country that have contributed to this field of research, respectively. The analysis shows that the author key concepts are changing proportionally and apart from academic accomplishment and social capital that remain as the foci of interest, the adolescence developments is increasingly significant for future extracurricular activities research as well. This study also highlights the collaborative research networks of extracurricular activities among the authors across the globe. Consequently, it provides the opportunity to build networks among multiple countries that have significantly contributed to this area of research globally. As this is one of the initial Scopus databased bibliometric literature review on extracurricular activities, its contributions are not only on addressing the conceptual or contextual gaps for researchers that are interested in this discipline, but hopefully it will also be able to highlight some prospective areas that could be further explored in the near future

Table_2_Meta-analysis and systematic review of physical activity on neurodevelopment disorders, depression, and obesity among children and adolescents.docx

BackgroundNo consensus on whether physical activity (PA) is related to physical and mental health among pediatric population remains has been reached to date. To further explore their association, our study assessed the effect of PA on physical and mental health of children and adolescents through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies (RCTs).MethodsSeveral databases(Web of science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central register of controlled trials, CINAHL) were searched from inception to 1st, December 2020 without language restrictions.Results38,236 records were identified primitively and 31 included studies with 1,255 participants eventually met our inclusion criteria, all of which exhibited a relatively low-moderate risk of bias of overall quality. In regard to mental health, the administration of PA, compared with the control group, led to moderate improvements in Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)[Standard mean difference (SMD) = −0.50, Confidence interval(CI): −0.87, −0.14)] and depression(SMD = −0.68, CI: −0.98, −0.38) among children and adolescents. Similarly, significant result was observed in obesity (SMD = −0.58, CI: −0.80, −0.36). No significant differences were observed in Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (SMD = −0.29, CI: −0.59, 0.01).ConclusionAltogether, PA may have a beneficial effect on children and adolescents with ASD, depression and obesity; nevertheless, there is insufficient evidence to confirm its efficacy in ADHD. More large-scale population based randomized controlled trials are needed to explore more reliable evidence between them.</p

Image_2_Meta-analysis and systematic review of physical activity on neurodevelopment disorders, depression, and obesity among children and adolescents.TIF

BackgroundNo consensus on whether physical activity (PA) is related to physical and mental health among pediatric population remains has been reached to date. To further explore their association, our study assessed the effect of PA on physical and mental health of children and adolescents through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies (RCTs).MethodsSeveral databases(Web of science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central register of controlled trials, CINAHL) were searched from inception to 1st, December 2020 without language restrictions.Results38,236 records were identified primitively and 31 included studies with 1,255 participants eventually met our inclusion criteria, all of which exhibited a relatively low-moderate risk of bias of overall quality. In regard to mental health, the administration of PA, compared with the control group, led to moderate improvements in Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)[Standard mean difference (SMD) = −0.50, Confidence interval(CI): −0.87, −0.14)] and depression(SMD = −0.68, CI: −0.98, −0.38) among children and adolescents. Similarly, significant result was observed in obesity (SMD = −0.58, CI: −0.80, −0.36). No significant differences were observed in Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (SMD = −0.29, CI: −0.59, 0.01).ConclusionAltogether, PA may have a beneficial effect on children and adolescents with ASD, depression and obesity; nevertheless, there is insufficient evidence to confirm its efficacy in ADHD. More large-scale population based randomized controlled trials are needed to explore more reliable evidence between them.</p

The Effectiveness of E-Health Interventions Promoting Physical Activity and Reducing Sedentary Behavior in College Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Insufficient physical activity (PA) and excessive sedentary behavior (SB) are detrimental to physical and mental health. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify whether e-health interventions are effective for improving PA and SB in college students. Five electronic databases, including Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest, were searched to collect relevant randomized controlled trials up to 22 June 2022. In total, 22 trials (including 31 effects) with 8333 samples were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that e-health interventions significantly improved PA at post-intervention (SMD = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.45, p &lt; 0.001) compared with the control group, especially for total PA (SMD = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.58, p = 0.005), moderate to vigorous PA (SMD = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.32, p = 0.036), and steps (SMD = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.23, 1.28, p &lt; 0.001. There were no significant effects for both PA at follow-up (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI: &ndash; 0.01, 0.49, p = 0.057) and SB (MD = &minus;29.11, 95% CI: &minus;70.55, 12.32, p = 0.17). The findings of subgroup analyses indicated that compared to the control group, interventions in the group of general participants (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.63, p &lt; 0.001), smartphone apps (SMD = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.73, p = 0.001), and online (SMD = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.43, p &lt; 0.001) can significantly improve PA at post-intervention. Moreover, the intervention effects were significant across all groups of theory, region, instrument, duration, and female ratio. At follow-up, interventions in groups of developing region (SMD = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.73, 1.62, p &lt; 0.001), objective instrument (SMD = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.23, 1.42, p = 0.007), duration &le; 3-month (SMD = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.72, 1.39, p &lt; 0.001), and all female (SMD = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.02, 1.56, p = 0.044) can significantly improve PA. The evidence of this meta-analysis shows that e-health interventions can be taken as promising strategies for promoting PA. The maintenance of PA improvement and the effect of interventions in reducing SB remain to be further studied. Educators and health practitioners should focus on creating multiple e-health interventions with individualized components