Medidas socioeducativas e contribuições do sistema preventivo de Dom Bosco

O presente artigo tem por objetivo identificar e analisar o atendimento socioeducativo em unidade de internação e restrição de liberdade no território brasileiro, como também trazer elementos pedagógicos do Sistema Preventivo de Educação de Dom Bosco para aqueles envolvidos em atos infracionais. A metodologia é exploratório bibliográfica com destaque para as seguintes referências teóricas: Braido (2004), Bosco (1987), Carazzone (2004), Foucault (2010), Maia e Barros (2012), Brasil (2010), Brasil (2012a), Brasil (2012b) Organização das Nações Unidas - ONU (2012). É importante salientar que este texto também é escrito com base nas experiências do trabalho com medidas socioeducativas no SINASE – Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo.AbstractEducational measures and contributions of Don Bosco’s Preventive SystemThis article aims to identify and analyze the social and educational care in a confinement and restriction of freedom unit in Brazil, but also bring pedagogical elements of the Don Bosco’s Preventive System for those implicated in infractional acts. The methodology consists of exploratory literature with emphasis on the following theoretical frameworks: Braido (2004), Bosco (1987), Carazzone (2004), Foucault (2010), Maia and Barros (2012), Brazil (2010), Brazil (2012a), Brazil (2012b), United Nations (2012). It is important that this text is also written based on the experiences of working with educational measures in SINASE – National System of Socioeducational Care.ResumenMedidas y contribuciones del sistema educacional preventivo de Don BoscoEste artículo tiene como objetivo identificar y analizar el atendimiento social y educativo en unidad de confinación y de restricción de la libertad en Brasil, sino también de aportar elementos pedagógicos del Sistema Preventivo de la educación de Don Bosco para las personas implicadas en actos delictivos. La metodología es la literatura exploratoria, con énfasis en los siguientes marcos teóricos: Braido (2004),Bosco (1987), Carazzone (2004), Foucault (2010), Maia y Barros (2012), Brasil (2010), Brasil (2012a), Brasil (2012b) de las Naciones Unidas (2012). Es importante señalar que este texto se escribe también en la experiencia de trabajar con medidas educativas en SINASE - Sistema Nacional de Servicios Socio-Educativos.Revisor do inglês: Prof. Tadeu GiattiRevisor do espanhol: Prof. Lilian de Souz

Educomunicação, Transformação Social e Desenvolvimento Sustentável

Esta publicação apresenta os principais trabalhos dos GTs do II Congresso Internacional de Comunicação e Educação nos temas Transformação social, com os artigos que abordam principalmente Educomunicação e/ou Mídia-Educação, no contexto de políticas de diversidade, inclusão e equidade; e, em Desenvolvimento Sustentável os artigos que abordam os avanços da relação comunicação/educação no contexto da educação ambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável

Resource allocations and disparities in the Brazilian health care system:insights from organ transplantation services

Abstract Background To date, few studies have assessed how Brazil’s universal healthcare system’s (SUS, Sistema Único de Saúde) systemic, infrastructural, and geographical challenges affect individuals’ abilities to access organ transplantation services and receive quality treatment. Discussion In this article we evaluated the existing literature to examine the impact that SUS has had on an increasingly important healthcare sector: organ transplantation services. We assess how equity challenges within the transplantation system can be explained by wider problems within SUS. Findings suggest stark disparities in access to transplantation services both within and across Brazil’s regions. We found that these regional differences are partially due to logistical challenges, especially in loosely populated areas but are also a consequence of disparities in resource allocations within SUS and under-capacitated health care facilities affecting transplantation services. Summary We suggest that Brazil needs to improve its health outcome measurement system for organ transplantations and epidemiological surveillance, to gain more comprehensive and comparable data. Finally, we recommend policy strategies to reduce barriers to access to transplantation services by increasing transplantation service coverage in some areas and investing in emerging technologies

Tramitação e aprovação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente no Congresso Nacional (1989‑1990) (Processing and approval of the Statute of the Child and Adolescent in the National Congress (1989‑1990))

In this paper, the processing and approval of the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente – ECA) (1989‑1990) was analyzed. The research, with a bibliographic and documentary profile, used the content analysis parameters to make an analysis of excerpts accessed in the collections of the National Congress on the promulgation of ECA in 1990, which replaced the 1979 Code of Minors. The theoretical framework talks about social stratification, class distinction and the protection of youth within the scope of State power. The discussion is important because it deals with the legal recognition of a new conception of childhood and adolescence, as well as a new paradigm of justice in dealing with situations of vulnerability and conflict with the law. The result of the research allows to infer that, after 30 years of the approval of this legislation for children and youth, the guarantee of integral protection is still a reality far from a promising horizon.Neste artigo, analisaram-se a tramitação e a aprovação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente – ECA (1989‑1990). A pesquisa, de perfil bibliográfico e documental, utilizou os parâmetros de análise de conteúdo para fazer uma análise de excertos acessados nos acervos do Congresso Nacional sobre a promulgação do ECA em 1990, em substituição ao Código de Menores de 1979. O referencial teórico versa sobre a estratificação social, a distinção de classe e a proteção da juventude no âmbito do poder do Estado. A discussão é importante por tratar do reconhecimento legal de uma nova concepção de infância e de adolescência, bem como de um novo paradigma de justiça no trato com situações de vulnerabilidade e de conflito com a lei. O resultado da pesquisa permite inferir que, transcorridos 30 anos da aprovação dessa legislação para a infância e a juventude, a garantia da proteção integral ainda é uma realidade muito distante de um horizonte promissor

Desnutrição e inadequação alimentar de pacientes aguardando transplante hepático

OBJETIVO: O estado nutricional de pacientes em lista de espera para transplante hepático deve ser avaliado devido ao risco elevado de deficiências nutricionais desses doentes, sendo este o objetivo do presente estudo. MÉTODOS: Em 13 meses, pacientes candidatos a transplante de fígado foram avaliados nutricionalmente pela técnica de Avaliação Global Subjetiva (AGS) e a ingestão alimentar foi quantificada pelo recordatório de 24 horas. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 159 pacientes, média de idade de 50 ± 10,6 anos, sendo 71,1% homens. A desnutrição foi encontrada em 74,7% dos pacientes, com 28% de desnutridos graves. Essa foi associada à gravidade da doença por Child-Pugh, à presença de edema e/ou ascite, aos episódios prévios de encefalopatia hepática, ao uso de mais de três medicamentos e aos baixos níveis de atividade física (pOBJECTIVE: Nutritional status of patients in the waiting list for liver transplant must be assessed due to the many risk factors associated with nutritional deficiencies. This was the aim of the study. METHODS: Throughout a period of 13 months, patients on the waiting list for liver transplantation were nutritionally assessed by the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and food intake was assessed by using the 24 hour recall instrument. RESULTS: 159 patients were included, mean age 50.5 +10.6 years and 71.1% were men. Overall malnutrition according to SGA was 74.7%, with 28% of patients considered severely malnourished. Malnutrition was associated with Child-Pugh score, presence of ascites and/or edema, previous episodes of encephalopathy and use of three or more medications and lower levels of physical activity. Socio-economic aspects, etiology of the disease and MELD score did not affect the nutritional status (p = NS). Calorie needs were not reached by 90.7% of patients and 75.7% of them did not reach protein requirements. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, malnutrition is highly prevalent amongst patients on the waiting list for liver transplantation and most do not meet nutritional requirements which certainly contribute to the vicious cycle leading to a deranged nutritional status

Predictors of mortality in patients on the waiting list for liver transplantation

Background and aim: The demand for liver transplantation (LTx) increases every year, which is in contrast to the stagnation in the number of donors. This phenomenon has given rise to longer waiting times, which results in higher pre-transplantation mortality. Thus, our aim for this study was to identify risk factors, including nutritional variables, for mortality for patients who are on the waiting list for LTx. Methods: Patients on the waiting list were assessed to identify risk factors for mortality. Data related to demographic, socioeconomic, and etiologic factors, liver disease severity, complications, medications, and biochemical tests related to disease, nutritional status, diet intake, and physical activity were collected. Results: There were 159 patients followed, and 47.8% (76) were transplanted. The mortality rate while on the waiting list was 25.7% patient-years, and 40 patients died (28.0%). Variables associated with mortality during this period (p < 0.05) were the following: severe malnutrition (OR 2.5/CI: 1.2-5.3), low serum sodium values (OR: 1.1/CI: 1.01-1.2), and cryptogenic cirrhosis (OR: 2.2/CI: 1.1-4.6). Conclusions: Special attention should be given to patients with low serum sodium, those who are diagnosed with cryptogenic cirrhosis and the severely malnourished. An early diagnosis of malnutrition and an appropriate nutritional intervention is mandatory in such patients