34 research outputs found

    ESPEN Guideline on Clinical Nutrition and Hydration in Geriatrics

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    Background: Malnutrition and dehydration are widespread in older people, and obesity is an increasing problem. In clinical practice, it is often unclear which strategies are suitable and effective in counteracting these key health threats. Aim: To provide evidence-based recommendations for clinical nutrition and hydration in older persons in order to prevent and/or treat malnutrition and dehydration. Further, to address whether weight-reducing interventions are appropriate for overweight or obese older persons. Methods: This guideline was developed according to the standard operating procedure for ESPEN guidelines and consensus papers. A systematic literature search for systematic reviews and primary studies was performed based on 33 clinical questions in PICO format. Existing evidence was graded according to the SIGN grading system. Recommendations were developed and agreed in a multistage consensus process. Results: We provide eighty-two evidence-based recommendations for nutritional care in older persons, covering four main topics: Basic questions and general principles, recommendations for older persons with malnutrition or at risk of malnutrition, recommendations for older patients with specific diseases, and recommendations to prevent, identify and treat dehydration. Overall, we recommend that all older persons shall routinely be screened for malnutrition in order to identify an existing risk early. Oral nutrition can be supported by nursing interventions, education, nutritional counselling, food modification and oral nutritional supplements. Enteral nutrition should be initiated if oral, and parenteral if enteral nutrition is insufficient or impossible and the general prognosis is altogether favorable. Dietary restrictions should generally be avoided, and weight-reducing diets shall only be considered in obese older persons with weight-related health problems and combined with physical exercise. All older persons should be considered to be at risk of low-intake dehydration and encouraged to consume adequate amounts of drinks. Generally, interventions shall be individualized, comprehensive and part of a multimodal and multidisciplinary team approach. Conclusion: A range of effective interventions is available to support adequate nutrition and hydration in older persons in order to maintain or improve nutritional status and improve clinical course and quality of life. These interventions should be implemented in clinical practice and routinely used

    Nutrition et escarres

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    PARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

    LE SYSTEME DES INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTORS AU COURS DU VIEILLISSEMENT, INFLUENCE DE LA DENUTRITION ET DE L'INFLAMMATION

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    LE ROLE DE L'INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR I (IGF I) DANS LE VIEILLISSEMENT A ETE EVOQUE EN RAISON DE LA DIMINUTION DE SES CONCENTRATIONS PLASMATIQUES AVEC L'AGE ET DE SES PROPRIETES METABOLIQUES ET CELLULAIRES. SES CONCENTRATIONS PLASMATIQUES SONT REGULEES PAR LA NUTRITION. LES CONCENTRATIONS PLASMATIQUES DE DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE (DHEAS) DIMINUENT AUSSI AVEC L'AGE. NOUS AVONS D'ABORD ETUDIE LES RELATIONS ENTRE LES CONCENTRATIONS D'IGF I, DE DHEAS, ET LA SANTE DES PERSONNES AGEES, DANS UNE POPULATION DE SUJETS AGES VIVANT A DOMICILE, EN BON ETAT NUTRITIONNEL (ETUDE PAQUID). CONTRAIREMENT AU DHEAS, LES CONCENTRATIONS PLASMATIQUES D'IGF I NE SONT PAS CORRELEES AUX PARAMETRES DU QUESTIONNAIRE DE SANTE. D'AUTRE PART, L'ADMINISTRATION DE DHEA A DES SUJETS AGES (ETUDE DHEAGE) N'A PAS ENTRAINE DE VARIATION SIGNIFICATIVE DES CONCENTRATIONS D'IGF I. CES RESULTATS SUGGERENT QUE LES RELATIONS ENTRE LES CONCENTRATIONS DE DHEAS ET LA SANTE NE SONT PAS MEDIEES PAR L'IGF I. PAR AILLEURS, LES CONCENTRATIONS D'IGF I SITUEES DANS LE TERTILE SUPERIEUR SONT ASSOCIEES A UN EXCES DE MORTALITE APRES 2 ANS QUI RESTE INCOMPLETEMENT EXPLIQUE. NOUS AVONS ENSUITE ETUDIE LES VARIATIONS DES CONCENTRATIONS PLASMATIQUES D'IGF I, D'IGFBP3 ET DE GHBP CHEZ DES PATIENTS AGES HOSPITALISES POUR DENUTRITION, ET NOUS LES AVONS COMPAREES A CELLES DE SUJETS AGES SAINS. NOUS AVONS MONTRE QUE L'IGF I POURRAIT REPRESENTER UN OUTIL INTERESSANT POUR LE SUIVI DE L'EFFICACITE DE LA RENUTRITION. L'EVALUATION D'UNE METHODE DE DOSAGE RAPIDE MONTRE QUE L'IGF I PEUT ETRE UTILISE EN PRATIQUE CLINIQUE. D'AUTRE PART, L'AUGMENTATION DES MARQUEURS DE L'INFLAMMATION EST ASSOCIEE A UNE PROTEOLYSE INTENSE DE L'IGFBP3 QUI MODULE LA BIODISPONIBILITE DE L'IGF I, ET QUI POURRAIT AINSI JOUER UN ROLE DANS L'HYPERCATABOLISME. AINSI, CE TRAVAIL CONTRIBUE A UNE MEILLEURE COMPREHENSION DES VARIATIONS DE SYSTEME IGF AU COURS DU VIEILLISSEMENT NORMAL ET DANS LES SITUATIONS DE DENUTRITION AVEC HYPERCATABOLISME.PARIS7-Bibliothèque centrale (751132105) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Citrulline stimulates locomotor activity in aged rats: Implication of the dopaminergic pathway

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    International audienceObjectives: A citrulline (CIT)-enriched diet improves locomotor activity in aged rats, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of CIT administration on locomotor activity and dopamine activity in healthy aged rats.Methods: Sixty adult (3-mo-old) and aged (20-mo-old) rats were divided into four groups (n ¼ 15 each) stratified by age (adult versus old) and diet (control versus CIT; i.e., Ad-Control, Ad-CIT, Old-Control, Old-CIT) and fed for 4 d on either a CIT-enriched diet (5 g/kg daily; Ad-CIT and Old-CIT) or an isonitrogeneous control diet (Ad-Control and Old-Control). Locomotor activity was evaluated in a Y-maze. On day 5, animals were sacrificed and brain (striatum) was removed to determine total and phosphorylated forms of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) by immunohistochemistry.Results: CIT restored locomotor activity in aged rats (arm visits: Old-CIT 28 ± 1 versus Old-Control 23 ± 1; P < 0.05), associated with an increase in total TH (Old-CIT 668 ± 27 versus Old-Control 529 ± 22; P < 0.05) and phosphorylated forms of TH (Old-CIT 1012 ± 39 versus Old-Control 589 ± 69; P < 0.05).Conclusion: In aged rats, CIT is able to stimulate locomotor activity via the dopaminergic pathway
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