18 research outputs found
Sobre o garimpo de ouro: notas acerca da evolução recente da atividade no Brasil e um estudo de caso no sul do Parå
Este trabalho pretende examinar, em sua primeira parte, a evolução recente do garimpo de ouro no Brasil, enfatizando a crescente importĂąncia que esta atividade vem adquirindo como fonte de renda e emprego nas ĂĄreas amazĂŽnicas. Umabreve discussĂŁo a respeito das formas prevalecentes de organização da produção e das mudanças tĂ©cnicas adotadas nos Ășltimos anos tambĂ©m Ă© realizada. Na segunda parte, apresentam-se os resultados de pesquisa conduzida em ĂĄreas garimpeiras na regiĂŁo de SĂŁo FĂ©lix-TucumĂŁ, no Sul do ParĂĄ.This article analyses, in its first part, the recent evolution of gold mining in Brazil, emphasizing the growing importance of this activity as a source of income and employmentin the Amazonic areas. There is a brief discussion of the prevailing forms of organization of production and the technical changes that have been adopted in recent years. In the second part, the results of a research conducted in the Sao Fdlix - Tucuman region, in South Para, are presented
Experimental Evolution of Resistance to Artemisinin Combination Therapy Results in Amplification of the mdr1 Gene in a Rodent Malaria Parasite
Background: Lacking suitable alternatives, the control of malaria increasingly depends upon Artemisinin Combination Treatments (ACT): resistance to these drugs would therefore be disastrous. For ACTs, the biology of resistance to the individual components has been investigated, but experimentally induced resistance to component drugs in combination has not been generated. Methodology/Principal Findings: We have used the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi to select in vivo resistance to the artesunate (ATN) + mefloquine (MF) version of ACT, through prolonged exposure of parasites to both drugs over many generations. The selection procedure was carried out over twenty-seven consecutive sub-inoculations under increasing ATN + MF doses, after which a genetically stable resistant parasite, AS-ATNMF1, was cloned. AS-ATNMF1 showed increased resistance to ATN + MF treatment and to artesunate or mefloquine administered separately. Investigation of candidate genes revealed an mdr1 duplication in the resistant parasites and increased levels of mdr1 transcripts and protein. There were no point mutations in the atpase6 or ubp1genes. Conclusion: Resistance to ACTs may evolve even when the two drugs within the combination are taken simultaneously and amplification of the mdr1 gene may contribute to this phenotype. However, we propose that other gene(s), as ye
Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Concentração regional e dispersão das rendas per capita estaduais: um comentårio
This note aims to show that an inverse and statistically relationship between per capita growth rates and initial per capita income levels is also observed, in the Brazilian case, when data for the period 1939-1995 are used in the conventional convergence tests. It is argued that those results, however, do not imply that a process of absolute convergence is under way. Estimates of the long run distribution implied by the recent growth trends point towards further reductions in the interstate income inequality, but also suggest that the relative per capita incomes of a significant number of states and the number of âvery poorâ and âpoorâ states were, in 1995, already quite close to their steady state values.Esta nota objetiva mostrar que uma relação inversa estatisticamente significativa entre as taxas de crescimento e os nĂveis iniciais de renda per capita dos estados tambĂ©m Ă© observada, no caso brasileiro, quando dados para o perĂodo 1939-1995 sĂŁo utilizados nos testes convencionais da hipĂłtese de convergĂȘncia. Argumenta-se que este resultado, entretanto, nĂŁo implica que um processo de convergĂȘncia absoluta esteja em curso. Diferentes estimativas da distribuição de longo prazo, implĂcita nas tendĂȘncias de crescimento recentes, apontam para a possibilidade de reduçÔes adicionais na desigualdade de renda entre os estados, mas tambĂ©m sugerem que as rendas per capita relativas de um significativo nĂșmero de estados e o nĂșmero de estados âmuito pobresâ e âpobresâ encontravam-se, em 1995, bastante prĂłximas dos seus respectivos valores de âsteady stateâ.
FunçÔes de exportação do Brasil: estimativas para os principais mercados
FunçÔes de exportação do Brasil: estimativas para os principais mercado
O debate sobre a convergĂȘncia de rendas per capita
O debate sobre a convergĂȘncia de rendas per capit
Testes de cointegração e um modelo de correção de erro para a balança comercial brasileira
O artigo reporta resultados de testes de cointegração e apresenta um modelo de correção de erro (MCE) para a balança comercial brasileira. As principals hipĂłteses do modelo teĂłrico simples adotado foram validadas pelos testes de cointegração, os quais sugeriram que o saldo comercial esta relacionado, no longo prazo, com a taxa de cĂąmbio real e a pressĂŁo relativa da demanda, dada pela evolução da renda domĂ©stica vis-a-vis a renda mundial. Os modelos de correção de erro estimados indicaram que mudanças nos nĂveis das rendas domĂ©sticas e mundial e desvios em relação ao equilibrio de longo prazo observados em perĂodos anteriores sĂŁo as principals forças determinando a dinĂąmica de curto prazo da balança comercial brasileira.The purpose of the article is to report the results ofcointegration tests and to present an error correctionrepresentation for the Brazilian trade balance. The main assumptions of the simple theoretical model adopted in the paper were validated by the cointegration tests, which suggested that the trade balance is related in the long run to the real exchange rate and to the relative pressure of demand, the latter being given by the evolution of domestic income vis-a-vis world income. The error correction models indicated that changes in the levels of domestic and world income and the correction of past deviations from the long-run equilibrium are the main forces determining the short-run dynamics of the Brazilian trade balance