EVALUATION DES PARAMÈTRES DE CROISSANCE DES ESSENCES FORESTIÈRES LOCALES EN PLANTATION AU TOGO : CAS DE TERMINALIA SUPERBA ENGL. & DIELS ET TERMINALIA IVORENSIS A. CHEV

Description: In the Missahoe’s classified forest in the southwest of Togo, the area of Terminalia superba and Terminalia ivorensis plantations installed between 2000 and 2002, stands at 596.37 ha. More than a decade after their introduction, these plantations have had no growth assessment or receive any silvicultural treatment. Outcomes: The present study aims to characterize the structure of local populations of the two species to identify and plan silvicultural treatments necessary for the evolution of their stands. Methods: The evaluation of the growth parameters of both species was carried out in 80 plots of 20 m side, installed in managed strata of the forest reserve. The effect of density on the increments of the trees was appreciated. Dendrometric statements concerning the diameter at breast height (DBH) were performed. Results: For the two parameters studied, T. superba records a top height of 16.92 ± 3.04 m and an average diameter of 27.22 ± 9.51 cm after 12 years of growth, T. ivorensis reached a dominant amount of 17.40 ± 2.66 m, and an average diameter of 33.40 ± 4.10 cm for the same period. The annual diametric growth of both species was evaluated at 3.52 ± 0.2 cm / year. Conclusion:The different curves of heights obtained on different plots characterize even-aged stands in the seedling stage and fast growing to submit to regular treatment regime

Local Practices in Sacred Groves Management in Togo: A Comparative Study in Nawda, Ifè, and Ouatchi Lands

Local populations have ensured the sustainable management of forest resources by sanctifying areas of woodland. Despite the reduction of these sacred groves by multiple threats, including those caused by humans, they persist and demonstrate the community's desire for preservation. This paper focuses on increasing the comprehension of the management of local sacred groves within the Nawda, Ifè, and Ouatchi regions in Togo. Qualitative ethnographic analysis was employed to describe how the management practices are carried out and also to examine their underlying socio-cultural concepts. The findings of the study indicate that customary religious, family, and political authorities manage sacred groves. Management practices involve conducting ritual ceremonies and establishing rules and regulations. The socio-cultural representations that shape these management practices facilitate the definition of sacred groves as sites of shared memory, confer upon them the status of dwelling places of protective divine beings/ancestors, and identify them as sources of prosperity and abundance

Analyse Des Connaissances Sur Pterocarpus Erinaceus Poir. En Afrique Occidentale Et Centrale

Pterocarpus erinaceus (Fabaceae) est une arbre multiusage des zones sahéliennes et soudaniennes d’Afrique. L’espèce a fait l’objet de nombreuses études scientifiques très peu coordonnées, conduisant à des biais sur les besoins réels de connaissances devant permettre une bonne gestion et valorisation. Pour pallier cette insuffisance, les publications sur cette espèce ont été recherchées à partir de Google scholar, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine et Science direct. Après un filtre des publications trop généralistes, 127 publications réalisées entre 1974 et 2019 ont été retenues et classées suivant neuf thématiques préalablement identifiées. Les résultats, issus de 49 institutions de recherche provenant de 19 pays, montrent que les propriétés pharmacologiques, la caractérisation des peuplements de P. erinaceus et le rôle socio-économique sont les thématiques les plus abordées avec respectivement 41,7 %, 29,1 % et 16,5 % des publications alors que celles relatives aux techniques de multiplication, à la régénération et au rôle alimentaire sont peu abordées avec des fréquences respectives de 6,3 %, 4,7 % et 3,9 %. Les résultats indiquent également que 9 pays de l’Afrique de l’ouest totalisent plus de 84,2 % des publications contre de 3,2 % des publications effectuées par 2 pays de l’Afrique centrale et 12,6 % pour 8 pays européens. L’analyse a montré aussi que des études complémentaires sont nécessaires pour améliorer les connaissances sur les techniques de multiplication de l’espèce pour sa sylviculture et les facteurs qui influencent sa régénération en milieu naturel. Pterocarpus erinaceus (Fabaceae) is a multipurpose tree species of Sahelian and Sudanian zones in Africa. Tough the species has been actively studied, the lack of coordination and orientation in these studies lead to some biases in the knowledge needed for the better management and valorization of this species. To overcome this insufficiency, scientific publications available on the species were collected from Google scholar, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE) and Science direct portals. After filtering the generalist publications identified, 127 publications produced between 1974 and 2019 were classified according to nine previously identified themes. The results from 49 research institutions from 19 countries show that the pharmacological properties, the characteristics of the stands of P. erinaceus and the socioeconomic role are the most discussed themes with respectively 41.7 %, 29.1 % and 16.5 % of publications, while those relating to the propagation of the species, natural dissemination and the role of food are rarely addressed with respective frequencies of 6.3 %, 4.7 % and 3.9 %. These results also indicate that 9 West Africa countries published more than 84.2 % of the publications when 3.2 % were published by 2 countries from Central Africa and 12.6 % for 8 European countries. The analysis shows that more studies are needed to improve knowledge about techniques of the propagation of the species for silviculture and factors that influence the natural dissemination of the species in its natural habitat. &nbsp

Strengthening forest landscape restoration through understanding land use dynamics: case study of Tchamba Prefecture (Togo)

Land use and land cover (LULC) change remains a major concern in many countries. To examine how land is used for increased actions on forest landscape restoration (FLR) issues, this study analyses LULC changes from 1991 to 2022 and predict future patterns for the years 2050 in Tchamba Prefecture, Togo, using remote sensing and the Cellular Automata-Markov modelling technique. Results show that dense forests and gallery forests (18.85%), open forest/woodland (20.17%), and tree and shrub savannah (50.04%) were the predominant classes of the landscape in 1991. However, by 2022, most tree and shrub savannah had been converted to mosaic crop/fallow land (52.27%), open forest/woodland (19.32%), and plantation (7.09%). Thus, between 1991 and 2022, forest area decreased from 89.87% to 48.96%; a 45.52% reduction in coverage. Predictions are that open forest/woodland, tree and shrub savannah will decline, while mosaic crop/fallow land will increase (51.66%). However, slight increases were recorded in plantation (9.43%) and a slight balance in dense forests/gallery forests (16.17%). Consequently, forest area will slightly change between 2022 (48.96%) and 2050 (47.41%). These changes in LULC are associated to socio-economic pressures and political instability in the 1990s. So, the return to stability, the promotion of community forests as a key restoration model, and the valorisation of agroforestry species allows for the stabilisation of dense forests/gallery forests areas and an increase in plantation. Thus, it is therefore for all stakeholders involved in restoration processes to consider this information when planning FLR activities

State of Knowledge on Beekeeping Practices in Côte d'Ivoire in the Face of Challenges and Opportunities in the Context of Climate Change

Beekeeping plays an important role in socio-economic development and environmental conservation. This sector is developing in Côte d'Ivoire even if it is an ancient practice. Based on available scientific data, this study aims to take stock of the Ivorian beekeeping sector and its melliferous potential. The aim is to gain a better understanding of the difficulties faced by this sector and to contribute to its sustainable development in the current context of climate change. Côte d'Ivoire’s honey is of good quality and very rich in nutrients: pollen grains, minerals, etc. A part Apis mellifera, other species of bees are present and could be used in keeping. Despite favorable climatic and floristic conditions, beekeeping in Côte d'Ivoire is still in its infancy caused by several challenges: Environmental conditions, lack of training of beekeepers, and weak commitment of stakeholders. To modernize the sector, we need to combine the efforts of the authorities, take into account the recommendations of scientific publications, and encourage the population to understand the importance of preserving plants and bees by practicing modern beekeeping

State of Knowledge on Beekeeping in Côte d'Ivoire: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Productivity of the Sector in the Context of Climate Change

The beekeeping sector in Côte d'Ivoire is developing. Honey gathering, traditional beekeeping and modern beekeeping are widespread in the centre and north of the country. They enable the populations of these areas to diversify and increase their income, and to cure certain benign diseases. Côte d'Ivoire honeys are of good quality and very rich in nutrients: pollen grains and minerals. Despite favourable climatic and floristic conditions, beekeeping in Côte d'Ivoire is still in its infancy, with the aim of increasing honey production. The population of Côte d'Ivoire does not keep bees and is more interested in cash crops than beekeeping. The aim of this study is to take stock of the Ivorian beekeeping sector and its melliferous potential on the basis of available scientific data. The aim is to gain a better understanding of the difficulties facing the sector in terms of sustainable development.&nbsp

State of Knowledge on Beekeeping in Côte d'Ivoire: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Productivity of the Sector in the Context of Climate Change

The beekeeping sector in Côte d'Ivoire is developing. Honey gathering, traditional beekeeping and modern beekeeping are widespread in the centre and north of the country. They enable the populations of these areas to diversify and increase their income, and to cure certain benign diseases. Côte d'Ivoire honeys are of good quality and very rich in nutrients: pollen grains and minerals. Despite favourable climatic and floristic conditions, beekeeping in Côte d'Ivoire is still in its infancy, with the aim of increasing honey production. The population of Côte d'Ivoire does not keep bees and is more interested in cash crops than beekeeping. The aim of this study is to take stock of the Ivorian beekeeping sector and its melliferous potential on the basis of available scientific data. The aim is to gain a better understanding of the difficulties facing the sector in terms of sustainable development.&nbsp