Content of Heavy Metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in Macrozoobenthos at Jakarta Bay

Trace metal contamination of marine environments can be determined by measuring trace metalconcentration in sediments, water or biota. Biomonitor organisms have the advantages over othermeasurements that they concentrate the portion of metals that are in a biologically available form, and thisportion which is usually of interest when assessments is being made of trace metal contamination.Correspondingly, whole tissue trace metal concentrations of 4 metals in common Jakarta Bay benthic species(polychaetes, molluscs, crustaceans) from contaminated locations were measured. The mean concentrationfor Cu was 17.5 ± 21.8 μg g-1 dw in polychaetes, 11.9 ± 8.8 μg g-1 dw in molluscs, and 12.2 ± 5.5 μg g-1 dw incrustaceans. The mean concentration for Cr was 172.8 ± 262.5 μg g-1 dw in polychaetes, 31.8 ± 62.8 μg g-1dw in molluscs, and 28.5 ± 29.0 μg g-1 dw in crustaceans. The mean concentration for Zn was 152.4 ± 76.4μg g-1 dw in polychaetes, 132.0 ± 106.3 μg g-1 dw in molluscs, and 515.8 ± 503.5 μg g-1 dw in crustaceans.The mean concentration for Pb was 6.3 ± 13.6 μg g-1 dw in polychaetes and was 2.0 ± 4.5 μg g-1 dw inmolluscs. The study provides significant contribution to confirm the content of heavy metal in each commonbenthic species inhabits coastal Jakarta Bay

Impact of Heavy Metals Contamination on the Biodiversity of Marine Benthic Organisms in Jakarta Bay

Alteration of land is continuing to increase inorganic matter to marine ecosystems and reduce marine biodiversity. Therefore, we investigated the interplay among land use and heavy metal (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) inputs from 8 rivers of Jakarta Bay to the benthic biodiversity. At current time, land uses surrounding Jakarta Bay are fulfilled with industrial activity, settlement, and agriculture. Total concentration of Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were determined using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry in order to assess and compare contamination levels among land use types. Results showed that the average concentrations of heavy metals in sediment were generally higher in river-mouth received water from industrial than those in agriculture. Those land use related metal pattern were also reflected in the benthos diversity. Macrobenthic community diversity decreased when inputs of organic matter increased. Decreases in macrobenthic diversity were mainly linked to an increasing abundance of species with specific functional traits, specifically deposit–feeding polychaetes. Our finding confirmed that land use in the form of industrial areas were potential to produce toxic material to ecosystems. Therefore, we recommend that the development need to consider the allocation of physical infrastructure particularly near waterways

Water quality and microbial community assessment in artisanal mining- affected sediments of Cikidang River, Banten, Java, Indonesia

The total microbial diversity and community in submerged sediments near mining sites, transition and intact sites at Cikidang River, Banten were assessed using 16S rDNA sequence data and biodiversity indices. Assessed water quality parameters in the river were water current, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, redox potential, salinity, temperature and turbidity. Microbial alpha diversity used were Shannon diversity index, ChaoI index and Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). These analyses indicated a total of 50 taxa of sediment microbes. Based on Shannon diversity index, the highest value was observed at mining site. High abundant microbes in sediments at mining sites for phylum, class, order, family and genera levels were represented by Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae, and Acinetobacter, respectively. In contrast, high abundant microbes in the sediment of the intact site for each taxon consisted of Firmicutes, Alphaproteobacteria, Erysipelotrichales, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Erysipelothrix. The water quality of mining sites was characterised by alkaline pH (8.807, 95% CI: 8.624 - 8.990) and lower redox potential (59.000 mV, 95% CI: 36.233 - 81.767) that differed significantly from the intact sites (P<0.05). This study also confirmed that mining sites have a higher genus diversity. Research on potential microbes of related genus as bioremediators could be recommended for further study

The relationships of forest biodiversity and rattan jernang (Deamonorops draco) sustainable harvesting by Anak Dalam tribe in Jambi, Sumatra

Adiwibowo A, Sulasmi IS. 2012. Relationships of forest biodiversity and rattan jernang (Deamonorops draco) sustainable harvesting by Anak Dalam tribe in Jambi, Sumatra. Biodiversitas 13: 00-00. Conservation of tropical trees can be achieved if supported by the sustainable use of forest by community live nearby through harvesting of non timber woods, for instance rattan. Furthermore, rattan jernang individuals and trees have significant associations. Therefore, objective of this paper is to investigate the utilization of rattan jernang (Deamonorops draco Wild) related to the forest tree biodiversity by Anak Dalam tribe in several villages in Jambi, Sumatra. The study has identified that populations of Deamonorops draco were varied among villages, ranged from 40 to 71 clumps in the forests and up to 500 clumps in plantations. Moreover, 73 individual trees consisted of 32 species were identified as rattan host and conserved by the community. Dialium platyespalyum. Quercus elmeri, and Adinandra dumosa were rattan host trees with the highest populations. Meanwhile, a biodiversity of non-host trees consisted of 30 individual trees from 16 species. Interviews revealed that traditional harvesters have acknowledged that trees have significant important ecological roles for the rattan livelihood and therefore it is very important to conserve the forests for the sustainability of harvest in the future. Furthermore, to secure the availability of rattan, the traditional harvesters had started rattan plantation

FIRE VEHICLE ROUTE, RESPONSE TIME, AND SERVICE COVERAGE OPTIMIZATIONS IN PEKOJAN URBAN VILLAGE,TAMBORA SUBDISTRICT FIRE HOTSPOT OF JAKARTA CITY INDONESIA

One challenge in managing fire hazards in an urban setting is how to optimize the fire service route, increase the response time, and increase service coverage. Recently, this challenge is becoming imminent due to road traffic congestion and insufficient road widths that are common in populated cities in the Southeast Asia regions. One of the urban fire hotspots in populated Jakarta City is Pekojan Urban Village, Tambora Subdistrict. This subdistrict is served by Angke Fire Station located in Pekojan’s southwestern parts. Then this research aims to evaluate and compare optimized routes for fire vehicle dispatched from Angke Fire Station&nbsp; to serve 12 neighborhood units (in Bahasa is RW) in Pekojan. The method used the route optimization and network analysis tools in Geographic Information System (GIS) and its related geospatial data including neighborhood units, road networks, traffic congestion, and fire station locations. Geospatial network analysis of data by GIS has an advantage as a method to design and analyze the routing strategy and determine the most optimized route for fire vehicles. Based on the results and with the fire vehicle speed of 40 km/h, the average optimized route distances to travel from the fire station to RWs were 1.092 km (95%CI: 0.888-1.3 km) with an average response time of 1.638 minutes (95%CI: 0.869-2.41 min.). According to the GIS, model, response time of 1 minute only covers 22.77% of Pekojan areas. By increasing response time to 2 minutes, then fire vehicle can cover 98.9% of Pekojan area (AIC= 0.06). Despite the fact that the fire vehicle routes and response times can be optimized, those routes are challenged by the road traffic congestion. This congestion limits the speeds of fire vehicles to less than 20 km/h, as observed in 11.59%&nbsp; of the optimized routes. The service coverages of fire vehicles was also limited due to the narrow street

MAXIMUM ENTROPY BASED URBAN FIRE RISK DISTRIBUTION MODELING UNDER CLIMATE INFLUENCES IN NORTH, WEST, AND SOUTH OF JAKARTA CITY

Fire incidents in urban setting were influenced by many factors ranging from population, building density to climatic variables. Currently, fire incident can be estimated using various variables and modeling methods including maximum entropy approach. Then the aim of this study is to model the probable spatial distribution of areas in Jakarta City mainly in North, West, and South districts that are prone to the fire risks. The model was developed using maximum entropy approach using climatic variables as predictors obtained from WordClim database. The model then was confirmed using area under the curve (AUC) values. The climatic models show that North and West parts of Jakarta receiving lower rainfall than South parts. Based on modeled probability distributions of fire risks, North and West parts were having highest probability distributions of fire risks with value of 50%. The AUC validates the probability distributions of fire risks model with AUC value of 0.64 ± 0.07. The results obtained from this study then can be used planning fire prevention

Industrial and Environmental Disaster Risk Assessment for Hazardous Materials in Balikpapan City, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Industrial disasters may cause massive public health problems, as they create large environmental damage and major loss of life. Balikpapan City has experienced a large oil spill which caused an industrial and environmental disaster: five fishermen died, various public health problems arose, and damage to environmental wildlife and ecosystems occurred. The objective of this study was to evaluate the industrial and environmental disaster risk related to hazardous material (hazmat) in Balikpapan. The research method involved the use of a semi-quantitative risk analysis with an originally organized checklist, a risk matrix, and a Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis. The results suggested that the risk score in Balikpapan’s City is 32 (MEDIUM; the dominant types of hazmat were flammables and corrosives). The major sectors contributing to the risk appeared to be the mining, energy, and oil and gas industries, with a medium risk (average risk score 33), while one clean water industry showed a low risk (risk score 24) using the checklist and risk matrix. According to the results from the GIS mapping, the areas t the highest risks appeared to be located within Balikpapan City coastal regions. The industries and the government of Balikpapan must be prepared for industrial and environmental disasters by educating competent major hazmat responders and ensuring a large spills response equipment, extensive environmental monitoring and measurement, procedures to deal with major fire and explosions and adequate disaster communication and coordination