Simple Lie algebras arising from Leavitt path algebras

For a field K and directed graph E, we analyze those elements of the Leavitt path algebra L_K(E) which lie in the commutator subspace [L_K(E), L_K(E)]. This analysis allows us to give easily computable necessary and sufficient conditions to determine which Lie algebras of the form [L_K(E), L_K(E)] are simple, when E is row-finite (i.e., has finite out-degree) and L_K(E) is simple.Comment: 18 pages. In the second version the exposition has been improved, and various typos and minor errors have been correcte

'There is many a thing that can be done with money': women, barter and autonomy in a Scottish fishing community in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries

Representations of Shetland womanhood have a place in our understanding of gender relations in this island community but not the place one might expect. Far from conforming to the image of the brazen fishwife and the exploited preindustrial handknitter, women in these occupations exhibited a degree of independence perhaps unexpected in a society so dominated by the farming-fishing economy. Yet the particular demographic characteristics of Shetland—a society in which women far outnumbered men—created a situation whereby women marked out a role for themselves that traversed both private and public domains. The sheer fact of male absence (due to seasonal fishing trips and more lengthy whaling and merchant shipping voyages) created a society with very particular labor characteristics, which gave women a degree of economic and, more significantly, cultural power. This power rested on women’s skills and endurance as domestic producers, their active role in the market as traders and marketers of goods, and their place in the community as possessors of certain kinds of knowledge or cultural capital