サイケイ USB カメラ オ モチイタ ショウニ ノ Aグン βヨウケツセイ レンサ キュウキンセイ イントウエン ニ オケル イントウ ホッセキ ノ ヒョウカ

Background: The Centor criteria and a rapid antigen detection test（RADT）are commonly used to diagnose streptococcal pharyngitis. We evaluated the relationships between specific erythema of the throat, Centor criteria, and positive RADT results to clarify the usefulness of direct observation with a thin USB camera.Methods: We observed the pharynx of 161 patients aged 0–15 years using a thin USB camera. We also evaluated the Centor criteria and presence of specific erythema. We performed an RADT as pathological proof. Fisher’s exact tests were conducted to assess the differences in the findings between RADT-positive and RADT-negative patients.Results: Of the 87 patients who underwent RADT, specific erythema was present in 23（26.4%）, and 8（9.2%） met three Centor criteria and had specific erythema. The RADT results were positive for 17 of the 23 with specific erythema（73.9%; p < 0.001）and for 7 of the 8 who met three Centor criteria and had specific erythema（87.5%; p < 0.001）.Conclusion: A high proportion of the patients with specific erythema of the throat had positive RADT results for streptococcal pharyngitis. A thin USB camera can provide exact clinical findings for both evaluators and patients with a low-cost and simple technique

The Measurement of Brainstem Blood Flow in the Experimental Recirculation Model of Brainstem Ischemia in the Rat

This report describes a surgical approach and measurement of brainstem blood flow (BBF) used in experimental ischemic model of the brainstem. The vertebral artery of Wistar rat was exposed and prepared embolic thread was inserted into the vertebral artery. The lesions of the baselar artery occuleded animals were restricted to the brainstem which, in the rat, is normally supplied by the vertebrobasilar artery. Using the hydrogen clearance techniques, blood flow of the brainstem was measured in 21 rats. The mean value of mean blood pressure (MBP) was 96.2±6.2 mmHg before ischemia. It dropped to 62.0±12.4 mmHg after transient hypertension. The preischemic BBF was 35.5±2.4 ml/100g/min. This was followed by a gradual increase to hyperperfusion after recirculation. After 1 hour of recirculation, BBF rose to a level above 78.9±5.9 ml/100g/min. These findings suggest that this model may be useful in the evaluation of pathophysiogical changes in brainstem ischemia