Quantum thermodynamics at critical points during melting and solidification processes

We systematically explore and show the existence of finite-temperature continuous quantum phase transition (CTQPT) at a critical point, namely, during solidification or melting such that the first-order thermal phase transition is a special case within CTQPT. Infact, CTQPT is related to chemical reaction where quantum fluctuation (due to wavefunction transformation) is caused by thermal energy and it can occur maximally for temperatures much higher than zero Kelvin. To extract the quantity related to CTQPT, we use the ionization energy theory and the energy-level spacing renormalization group method to derive the energy-level spacing entropy, renormalized Bose-Einstein distribution and the time-dependent specific heat capacity. This work unambiguously shows that the quantum phase transition applies for any finite temperatures.Comment: To be published in Indian Journal of Physics (Kolkata

Origin of strange metallic phase in cuprate superconductors

The origin of strange metallic phase is shown to exist due to these two conditions---(i) the electrons are strongly interacting such that there are no band and Mott-Hubbard gaps, and (ii) the electronic energy levels are crossed in such a way that there is an electronic energy gap between two energy levels associated to two different wave functions. The theory is also exploited to explain (i) the upward- and downward-shifts in the $T$-linear resistivity curves, and (ii) the spectral weight transfer observed in the soft X-ray absorption spectroscopic measurements of the La-Sr-Cu-O Mott insulator.Comment: To be published in J. Supercond. Nov. Mag

Understanding the Role of Hyponitrite in Nitric Oxide Reduction

Herein, we review the preparation and coordination chemistry of cis and trans isomers of hyponitrite, [N2O2](2-). Hyponitrite is known to bind to metals via a variety of bonding modes. In fact, at least eight different bonding modes have been observed, which is remarkable for such a simple ligand. More importantly, it is apparent that the cis isomer of hyponitrite is more reactive than the trans isomer because the barrier of N2O elimination from cis-hyponitrite is lower than that of trans-hyponitrite. This observation may have important mechanistic implications for both heterogeneous NOx reduction catalysts and NO reductase. However, our understanding of the hyponitrite ligand has been limited by the lack of a general route to this fragment, and most instances of its formation have been serendipitous

Synthesis of N₈-macrocyclic ligands by polyphosphoric acid-catalysed condensation <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-IN;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-IN">of trimethoprim with amino acids</span>

1282-1284<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:="" en-in;mso-fareast-language:en-in;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-IN">Trimethoprim [2,4-diamino-5-(3', 4',5'-trimethoxybenzyl) pyrimidine] reacts with amino acids to give colourless N8-macrocyclic compounds by the polyphosphoric acid-catalysed condensation. The products contain a cross conjugated macrocyclic system of a novel type, related to some extent to azoporphins. The condensation proceeds to give products which, in certain instances, are not readily attainable by conventional condensation techniques.</span

Complexes of Pyrrole-1,2-dithiodicarboximide with Fe(II), Co(I), Ni(0), Cu(I), Ag(I), Ru(II), Rh(I), Pd(0) & Pt(0)

122-12

Complexing Behaviour of N-Sulphinylaniline: Complexes of Mn(II), Fe(II), Ru(II), Co(I), Rh(I), Ni(0), Pd(0), Pt(0), Cu(I) & Ag(I)

21-2

Complexing Behaviour of Ethyl N-Phenyldithiocarbamate: Structural Studies of Complexes of Fe(II), Ru(II) , Co(II), Rh(III), Rh(I), Ni(II), Pd(0), Pt(0), Pt(II), Ag(I), Zn(II), Cd(II) & Hg(II)

127-13