Synthesis, characterization and thermal polymerization of new 3, 4-dihydro-2H-1, 3-naphthoxazine monomers

Two new 1,3-naphthoxazine monomers (M-A and M-B) were synthesized via a modified stepwise procedure in which methylene bromide was used for the ring-closure reaction. Condensation of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with 1,6-hexamethylenediamine or 1,4-phenylenediamine gives imine compounds, which were converted to 2-hydroxynaphthylamines by reduction with NaBH4 in methanol. Ring-closure reaction between the 2-hydroxynaphthylamines and methylene bromide results in the formation of 1,3-naphthoxazine monomers M-A or M-B with good yields. The structures of the synthesized monomers were confirmed using different spectroscopic techniques (including FT-IR, H-1 NMR and C-13 NMR), mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Thermal polymerization of the monomers was investigated by FT-IR and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Both the 1,3-naphthoxazine monomers undergo ring-opening polymerization, leading to the formation of the corresponding polynaphthoxazines [P(M-A) and P(M-B)]. The thermal stability of the polynaphthoxazines was thereafter studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)

Inculcation of values across the school curriculum: development and validation of teachers’ orientation scale

Teacher orientation to the inculcation of values across school curriculum – a function of the teacher knowledge and attitudes – has been conceptualized as his or her (1) identification with the goals of the curriculum, and (2) conformity with the predetermined instructional behaviours. Based on this framework, the study explored the construct of teacher orientation to the inculcation of values across schools subject. More specifically, the study examined the likelihood of two underlying dimensions explaining the presence of variability in teacher orientation and the reliability of the dimensions. Using a 15-item instrument developed earlier for a descriptive inquiry, the present study measured and analysed responses from 103 secondary school teachers from two randomly selected schools. To arrive at the conclusions, the study applied principal component analysis and Cronbach’s alpha procedures. The results suggested that teacher orientation to value inculcation is a multidimensional construct. The more reliable dimensions of Teacher Orientation were found o be goal identification, conformity to planning tasks, and conformity to delivery tasks. The results add new information to, and may serve as a guide for future research in this area

Geopolitik negeri Johor dan prestasi parti politik dalam Pilihan Raya Umum DUN Johor 2022

Politik Negeri Johor bergolak apabila Menteri Besar Johor bertindak menyerahkan warkah pembubaran Dewan Undangan Negeri (DUN) Johor kepada Baginda Sultan Johor yang mendapat perkenan Baginda pada 22 Januari 2022 untuk diadakan pilihan raya DUN baru bagi mewujudkan sebuah Kerajaan Negeri yang stabil. Pilihan raya yang diadakan pada 12 Mac 2022 tersebut dianggap sebagai kontroversi kerana diadakan dalam keadaan penularan wabak pandemik COVID-19 yang belum pulih sebaiknya dan keadaan ekonomi rakyat yang tidak mengizinkan. Namun pilihan raya ini dapat dijadikan sebagai kayu ukur bagi prestasi parti politik menuju Pilihan Raya Umum ke-15 (PRU-15) akan datang di samping merupakan pilihan raya pertama yang melibatkan undi-18. Justeru adalah menjadi tujuan penulisan artikel ini untuk menganalisis geopolitik Negeri Johor dan prestasi parti politik dalam Pilihan Raya Umum DUN Johor 2022. Berdasarkan analisis data keputusan PRU DUN Johor 2022, pemerhatian di lapangan dan analisis sumber sekunder seperti artikel jurnal dan kertas persidangan, dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa Barisan Nasional (BN) berjaya memenangi pilihan raya tersebut dengan jumlah kerusi DUN yang memberangsangkan namun Perikatan Nasional (PN) turut memberi cabaran yang hebat terutamanya di kawasan majoriti pengundi etnik Melayu manakala Pakatan Harapan (PH) terus mendominasi kawasan bandar majoriti etnik Cina. Parti-parti politik lain sekadar memenuhi tuntutan demokrasi dan memeriahkan suasana kempen pilihan raya. Pilihan raya ini juga menyaksikan jumlah peratus keluar mengundi menurun kepada hanya 54.92 peratus. Justeru, pilihan raya ini masih belum dapat dijadikan indikator sokongan pengundi pada PRU-15 kerana peratus keluar mengundi yang rendah di samping isu besar yang boleh muncul secara tiba-tiba menuru PRU-15 nanti

FEMALE IMMIGRANT ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A DEVELOPING SECTOR IN JAPAN'S ENTREPRENEURIAL ECONOMY

The role of women in Japan was traditionally restricted to housekeeping and childrearing. Over the years, changes in Japanese lifestyle and attitudes have created new grounds for women to venture into small businesses. Although this new personality aspect of women has been accepted, by and large, in larger cities of Japan, it is yet to be accepted in rural areas. Given this background, it becomes even more challenging for a foreigner — an immigrant woman entrepreneur — to set up shop and conduct business in Japan. This study looks at the status of female immigrant entrepreneurs in Japan. Through a qualitative study, it explores the experiences and challenges female entrepreneurs must face before they achieve stability in their businesses. It highlights and draws attention to areas where changes in governance structure and social acceptance can be made so a more positive environment can be built up and the relationship between Japan and the immigrant entrepreneurs can be strengthened.Women, immigrant entrepreneur, Japan, small business, social acceptance