Pharmacological and surgical experimental animal models of induction of spermatogenesis disorders

Introduction. Experimental induction of spermatogenesis disorders is possible mainly by physical, pharmacological methods. However, not all methods can cause non-obstructive azoospermia.Objective. To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of induction of spermatogenesis disorders in rat models by applying ligatures to the spermatic cords and administration of cisplatin.Materials & methods. Seventy-three mature male rats (Wistar) were divided into 2 experimental groups and 1 control (n = 9) group: group 1 (n = 27) with ligature on the spermatic cord for 12 h (n = 9), 24 h (n = 9), 36 h (n = 9); group 2 (n = 37) with five-fold intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin at concentrations of 5 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg. On days 0, 7, 14, 28 after the last day of induction of spermatogenesis disorders, epididymal semen analysis, blood test, total serum testosterone, pathomorphological examination of testes tissue, body weight, reproductive system organ weight were performed to assess model performance.Results. Ligation to the spermatic cords did not have a negative effect on the general condition of the animals (p < 0.05), blood test (p < 0.05); there was a decrease in the testicular weight (p < 0.05), the appendage of the testis (p < 0.05), prostate (p < 0.05), the weight of the seminal vesicles did not change (p > 0.05). In group 1, the number of epidermal spermatozoa decreased in all subgroups, statistically significant changes were recorded at 7 (exposure 24 h) and 28 (exposure 12, 36 h) days of research. Histologically, there was no significant inhibition of spermatogenesis, except for a decrease in the area, diameter of the seminal tubules on 7, 28 days after surgery (exposure 24, 36 h). In group 2, the survival of animals was noted only when using cisplatin at a dose of 1 mg/kg five times. Body weight decreased in all rats without recovery, thrombocytopenia recorded after 1 wk, leukocytopenia regressed by 2 wk of the study. A decrease in the weight of all reproductive organs was noted. Sperm concentration decreased at 1 wk and recovered at 28 wk. In the analysis of testicular biopsies: pronounced disorganization of the spermatogenic epithelium, a decrease in the absolute area and diameter of the seminal tubules.Conclusion. Ligation to the spermatic cord does not cause permanent inhibition of spermatogenesis. Cisplatin at a dose of 1 mg/kg causes persistent severe damage to the spermatogenic epithelium

The Design Solution of the Hotel in Sochi, Taking into Account the Seismic Hazard of the Area

Получено: 10.07.23. Прошла рецензирование: 28.08.23. Принята к публикации: 02.09.23. Доступно онлайн:17.01.24.Received: 10.07.23. Revised: 28.08.23. Accepted: 02.09.23. Available online:17.01.24.В статье проведен анализ опыта строительства действующих гостиничных комплексов, возведенных в районах с высокой сейсмической активностью. Выявлены особенности объемно–планировочных, архитектурных и конструктивных решений зданий, выбора материала конструкций, узлов их соединений. Статья содержит анализ особенностей градостроительной ситуации в городе Сочи и рельефа площадки строительства, а также принятые проектные предложения по объемно–планировочному и архитектурно-конструктивному решению здания гостиничного комплекса. Основной акцент сделан на антисейсмических решениях, применённых при проектировании гостиницы в сейсмическом активном районе в городе Сочи. В процессе разработки проекта были выполнены расчеты на прочность, надежность и долговечность конструкций здания, этапность возведения и другие, соответствующие требованиям действующих норм. Результаты выполненных расчетов показали обеспеченность надежности эксплуатации здания и его конструкций. Наглядно проиллюстрировано, за счет каких конструктивных решений достигнута обеспеченность надежности эксплуатации здания.The article provides an analysis of the experience of building construction in earth-quake-prone areas. The analysis of analogues of hotel complexes built in areas with high seismic activity in different countries is carried out. The features of spatial planning, architectural and structural solutions of buildings, the choice of structural material, and the nodes of their connections are revealed. The article contains an analysis of the features of the urban planning situation in the city of Sochi and the relief of the construction site, as well as accepted design proposals for the spatial planning and architectural design of the hotel complex building. A part of the antiseismic measures used in the design of a hotel in a seismic active area in the city of Sochi is presented. During the development of the project, calculations were performed for the strength, reliability and durability of the building structures, the stages of construction and others that meet the requirements of current standards. The results of the calculations performed showed the reliability of the operation of the building and its structures. The constructive decisions taken are clearly illustrated. It is shown due to which constructive measures the reliability of the building operation has been achieved

PREDICTION BACKUP TESTICULAR FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH NONOBSTRUCTIVE AZOOSPERMIA

Modern authors believe that male infertility accounts for 40–50%. The most severe form of male infertility is azoospermia, which is observed in 10–15% of cases. The only method of diagnosis of azoospermia is testicular biopsy, which allows not only to differentiate the secretory and excretory forms of infertility, but also to determine the degree of impairment of spermatogenesis.Purpose. To improve the diagnosis of male infertility.Materials and methods. We have examined 26 men with non-obstructive azoospermia (according to semen). The comparison group included healthy men – 22 people. Patients underwent biopsy of the testicle, followed by morphological analysis of biopsies. Sections of testicular tissue was stained with hematoxylin and eosin, indirect immunohistochemical studies – definition of Inhibin B, a protein prolife ration and apoptosis (ki-67)Results. According to clinical and instrumental examination (ultrasound) we found no abnormalities. Patients set idiopathic form of infertility. When painting testice slices with hematoxylin and eosin, we recorded significant changes in the convoluted seminiferous tubules in patients with azoospermia: the diameter is reduced to 1.5–2 times (hypoplasia), the basement membrane with a strong fiber component (fibrosis) (p < 0,05). Expressed Inhibin tissue expression observed in Sertoli cells (“+++”) and to a lesser extent in spermatogonia ( «±»), located closer to the basal membrane convoluted seminiferous tubule. The expression level of Inhibin in germ cells - up to 5%. ki-67 protein expression was observed in the nuclei (S-phase of mitosis) spermatogonia (“++”) at stages II and III and spermatogenesis in some primary nuclei (“+”) and secondary (“+”) spermatocytes. Expression of ki-67 level in the germ cells – up to 25%.Conclusion. Determination of tissue levels of Inhibin-B can be used as a p rognostic test backup testicular function

Magnetic parameters of control of stress-strained state carbon steels

The complex of magnetic and magnetoacoustic properties of cold and annealed at different temperatures steels with a carbon content of 0.2% (steel 20G) and 0.7% (steel 70G) has been researched. It was found that with increasing annealing temperature of these steels up to 700 0C monotonically increasing values associated with the intensity of irreversible processes of magnetization reversal. It is shown that the coercive force of 70G steel by varying the annealing changes nonmonotonically and can not be a parameter control. Among quasistatically measured magnetic parameters to control the annealing can be used residual induction and the induction of the coercive return. The structural sensitivity of such parameters of the magnetoacoustic emission (MAE) as amplitude, base frequency, maximum field of MAE has been researched. The amplitude and the maximum field MAE correlate with remanence substances investigated steels may be used for diagnostics.Исследован комплекс магнитных и магнитоакустических свойств холоднодеформированных и отожженных при различных температурах сталей с содержанием углерода 0,2 % (сталь 20Г) и 0,7 % (сталь 70Г). Установлено, что при увеличении температуры отжига этих сталей вплоть до 700 0С монотонно растут значения параметров, связанных с интенсивностью необратимых процессов перемагничивания. Показано, что коэрцитивная сила стали 70Г при вариации отжига меняется немонотонно и не может быть параметром контроля. Из числа квазистатически измеряемых магнитных параметров для контроля отжига могут быть использованы остаточная индукция и индукция коэрцитивного возврата. Исследована структурная чувствительность таких параметров магнитоакустической эмиссии (МАЭ), как амплитуда, основная частота, поле максимума МАЭ. Показано, что амплитуда и поле максимума МАЭ коррелируют с остаточной магнитной индукцией вещества исследованных сталей и могут быть использованы при диагностике.Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФАНО России по теме «Диагностика» № 01201463329

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОТВЕТА НА ИНГИБИТОР ТИРОЗИНКИНАЗЫ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ГИСТОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ТИПОВ РАКА ПОЧКИ (ОБЗОР)

The paper deals with the results of a clinical trial covering patients with disseminated renal cell carcinoma of different histological types, who had no benefits from previous systemic therapy. The response of different histological types of kidney cancer to therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, to sorafenib in particular, was studied within the trial. The findings strongly suggest that mainly patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma could achieve complete or partial remission.Статья посвящена результатам клинического исследования пациентов с распространенным почечно-клеточным раком различных гистологических типов, у которых предшествующая системная терапия не дала результата. В рамках исследования изучался ответ различных гистологических типов рака почки на терапию ингибиторами тирозинкиназы, в частности на сорафениб. Как убедительно показывают полученные данные, полной или частичной ремиссии удалось добиться в основном у пациентов со светлоклеточным вариантом почечно-клеточного рака

Стронций-89-хлорид в комплексном лечении гормонорезистентного рака предстательной железы

Hormone resistant phase of prostatic cancer develops after 16-24 months of hormone therapy of metastatic prostatic cancer. Radiopharmaceutical method of treatment is essential for pain control in multiple metastases in the bones; we mean the use of beta-emission isotope strontium-89 chloride (metastrone). Total systems radiotherapy by strontium-89 chloride was carried out as stage III of multiple modality treatment in 90 patients with metastatic hormone-resistant prostatic cancer (HRPC) within the framework of randomized study. Before radiopharmaceutical therapy 18% patients complained of pronounced pain syndrome, 50% presented with moderate pain syndrome, and pathological fractures were diagnosed in 12% patients. Therapy with strontium-89 chloride led to stabilization of the pain syndrome during therapy in 72.7% and to its progress in 27.3% patients. This therapy was well tolerated in general. It can be used as a stage in combined treatment of HRPC patients.

DETERMINATION OF ACOUSTIC PARAMETERS OF R18SH STEEL SAMPLES WITH DIFFERENT TEMPERING TEMPERATURES

The acoustic parameters of the R18SH steel are investigated. The studies were carried out on hardened and tempered samples. Graphs of the dependence on the density of the samples are plotted. As a result, an increase in density leads to an increase in the strength of the samples